Chapter 18
I.
Progressive
Movement
II. Progressive Politics
III. Progressive Society
IV. Progressivism
Evaluated
Progressivism
• A
through
movement
education,
of the
th century
early 20
wider
political
that favored and
participation,
achieving
direct
government
political
and social reform...
action
Progressivism
• Roots
• Populism
• Socialism
• Pro-reform
Republicans
Progressivism
• Motives
• Sense of justice
• Evolutionary
thinking/Reform
Darwinism
• Opportunity to do
good
Progressivism
• Principles
• Promote direct
democracy
• Increase gov’t
efficiency
• Advocate gov’t
intervention
Progressivism
• Direct democracy
• Secret ballot
• Direct primaries
• Initiative
• Referendum
• Recall
Progressivism
• Government
efficiency
• Technical experts
• City commission,
city manager
forms of
government
Progressivism
• Government
intervention
• “Trustbusting”
• “Gas-and-water
socialism”
• On behalf of labor
Amendments
• 16th Amendment
• Federal income
tax
• Progressives
wanted funds for
reforms and social
services
Amendments
• 16th Amendment
• Progressives
favored a
graduated income
tax
Amendments
• 17th Amendment
• Direct election of
U.S. senators
• Left states with no
voice in national
government
Amendments
• 18th Amendment
• Prohibition
• Reasons
• Repealed by 21st
Amendment in
1933
Amendments
• 19th Amendment
• Granted suffrage
to women
• Susan B. Anthony
Muckrakers
• Writers who
exposed abuse and
corruption
• Most felt genuine
concern for the
causes they
advanced
Progressives
• William Jennings
Bryan
• Robert La Follette
• Theodore Roosevelt
Roosevelt
• The “Square Deal”
• Trustbusting
• Northern Securities
case
Roosevelt
• Regulation
• Hepburn Act
• Pure Food and Drug
Act
• Meat Inspection Act
Roosevelt
• Coal Strike
• Roosevelt threatened
to use federal troops
• Government mediated
in the labor dispute
Roosevelt
• Conservation
• Reclamation Act
Discrimination
• Asians in California
• Blacks in the South
• “Jim Crow” laws
• Segregation
• Voting rights
Discrimination
• Blacks in the South
• Plessy v. Ferguson
• Booker T. Washington
• W. E. B. DuBois
• NAACP
Roosevelt
• The “Big Stick”
• Philippines
• Panama Canal
• Assisted Panamanian
revolution
Roosevelt
• Roosevelt Corollary
• U.S. would act as a
“policeman” to keep
Latin American
countries in line
Roosevelt
• Relations with Japan
• Sensitive
• Great White Fleet
• Root-Takahira
Agreement
Taft
• Chosen successor of
Roosevelt
• Defeated William
Jennings Bryan in 1908
Taft
• Tariff fiasco
• Congressional reform
• Joseph “Czar” Cannon
• Wedge between Taft
and progressives
Taft
• Split with Roosevelt
• Conservation: Clash
with Pinchot
• Antitrust proceedings
Taft
• Dollar diplomacy
• Mixed results
1912
• Roosevelt sought the
Republican nomination,
but Taft got it
• Roosevelt’s followers
form a third party
1912
• Newly-formed
Progressive Party
nominated Roosevelt
• “New Nationalism”
1912
• Democrats nominated
Woodrow Wilson
• “New Freedom”
• Wilson wins handily
• Taft carries 2 states
Wilson
• Underwood Tariff Act
• Slashed rates by
about one-third
• Revenue loss offset by
new income tax
Wilson
• Federal Reserve Act
• Compromise
• Represented ultimate
government control
• Federal Reserve Notes
Wilson
• Clayton Antitrust Act
• Federal Trade
Commission Act
• Gov’t regulation of
business practices
Transportation
• Automobiles
• Henry Ford
• Assembly line
• Airplanes
• Wright brothers
Agriculture
• Golden Age 1898-1914
• Population shifts
• Technology improved
• Tractors
• Veterinary science
Medicine
• Mayo Clinic
• Johns Hopkins Medical
School
• Yellow fever
• Walter Reed
Education
• Progressive education
• “Teaching students, not
subjects”
• John Dewey
• Secular humanism
Religion
• Modernism
• Social gospel movement
• Walter Rauschenbusch
• Christianity and the
Social Crisis
Religion
• Orthodox Defense
• Benjamin B. Warfield
• Bible institutes
• Bible conferences
• Billy Sunday
Evaluation
• Many progressive
reforms were
worthwhile
• Increase in the
powers of
government
Evaluation
• “Independent”
government
bureaucracy
• Belief in the
inevitability of
progress
Evaluation
• False solutions to
man’s problems