Timeline: Ideas, Beliefs,
and Culture
Sylvia Lee, Jonathan Cummings, Caitlyn Crowe, Sarah
Shahabi, Anthony Overton
p.1
4/15/15
CUL - 1
Compare the cultural values and attitudes to different European, African
American, and native peoples in the colonial period and explain how
contact affected intergroup relationships and conflicts
Event Timeline
● 1607 - Jamestown, Virginia is founded.
European contact with Native Americans, and
later Africans, racial superiority
● Establishment of restoration colonies, tak even
more land. S. Carolina, Tobacco, need slave labor
● 1680 Pueblo Revolt (Pope”s Rebellion) rebellion
against spanish conquistadors.
● 1754 French and Indian War. French settlers
needed good relations with indigenous for fur
trade, Native Americans sided with French
● 1763 Pontiac’s Rebellion, don’t want to give up
more land. Paxton Boys - slaughter of natives.
seen as heros
Key Terms
● Triangular Trade - The system of trade
between the New World of America, Europe, and
Africa
o Mainly crops and raw materials were
shipped from the New World to Europe,
o Manufactured goods were sent from
Europe into the New World and Africa
o Slaves were shipped from Africa into the
Caribbean where they eventually entered
the Americas
● Slavery - When one human owned another for
labor/ Indentured Servitude - When colonists
would work under a farm owner for several years
to “pay” for their trip to America
o Slavery overtook popularity opposed to
servitude, this helped foster the racist
attitude that will be held against blacks for
many more years
CUL - 2
Analyze how emerging conceptions of national identity and democratic
ideals shaped value systems, gender roles, and cultural movements in the
late 18th century and 19th century
Event Timeline
● 1803 The Louisiana Purchase made many
colonist decided to move West and discover new
land during this time. Instead of urban living
quarters with market places, individuals had to
fend and hunt for themselves
● 1825 Hudson River School of art was founded,
influenced by European Romantics, paintings
were largely landscapes
● 1835 -1850Irish and German immigrants settled
in the North West. The Potato Famine led to mass
starvation in Ireland and about 1 million Irish
settlers settled in the north west. German
immigrants wanted to escape political repressions
after the failed revolution of 1848.
Key Terms
● “Republican Motherhood” - Called on
women to teach their children republican values,
granting them a new importance in American
culture
● “ Cult of Domesticity” - insisted that women
keep a proper Christian home separate from the
male sphere of politics and business.
CUL - 3
Explain how cultural values and artistic expression changed in response
to the Civil War and the post war industrialization of the United States
Event Timeline
● 1863 - Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln's declaration that slaves “are, and
henceforward shall be free”
o Led to the changing mindset that blacks
were equal to whites and deserved the
same opportunities and rights as whites
o This moral belief was not held in many
Southern states but rather that blacks are
inferior. This belief will hold strongly in
many southern regions for MANY years to
come
Key Terms
● Gilded Age - This term was coined by Mark
Twain labeling the new industrialism and
booming industry, despite that the majority of the
wealth was in the hands of the few
● Reconstruction - The effort of the federal
government to rebuild and reform the South after
losing the Civil War.
o Many southerners rejected this help, still
distrustful of federal government and
northerners
● Scabs - workers brought in by companies to
work if their workers were on strike, usually
African Americans or immigrants.
● “Gospel of Wealth”, “Acres of Diamonds” must work to be wealthy
● Realism - depict life, dirty, realistic, urban
scenes because of rise of industrial cities
CUL - 4
Analyze how changing religious ideals, Enlightenment beliefs, and
republican thought shaped the politics, culture, and society of the
colonial era through the early republic
Event Timeline
● 1720-1740 The first great Awakening sparked
emotional religious revival
● 1776 John Locke’s ideals expressed in his work
Two treatise of Government heavily influenced
the creation and the content of the Declaration of
Independance.
● 1776 Thomas Paine's Common Sense was
published. Paine’s arguments rely heavily on
emotional appeal and his writing came out as
intensely passionate
● 1790-1820 The Second Great Awakening again
brought a revamping to strong religious
revivalism which came up largely to contrast the
beliefs of deism and Enlightenment rationale
Key Terms
● Enlightenment- 1700’s movement that focused
on reason. Belief that human reason was the
solution to nearly all problems, emotion was
somewhat rejected by these ideals
● Deism- A belief that God had created the
universe but does not actively intervene, such as a
watchmaker to a clock
CUL - 5
Analyze ways that philosophical, moral, and scientific ideas were used to
defend and challenge the dominant economic and social order in the
19th and 20th centuries
Event Timeline
● Early to Mid 19th Century The New Frontier
lured young, working class men away from the
east coast. The upper class saw no reason to go
westward since they were already successful. New
class division.
● Mid 19th Century Transcendentalists disrupted
the social order. Inspired by Romanticism and
focused on the individual -discovering the innerself by trusting intuition.
● 1860’s+ Republican party- immediate
emancipation and moderates (free soilers)
Democrats- critical of Lincoln, supported civil
war
● Early 20th Century Coming off of such
economic and political upheaval, radicals
discover socialism
● WWI, WWII disrupt the social order spark
feminist movements and economic booms in post
war years
Key Terms
● Panic of 1837 - Banknotes lost value, land sales
plummeted, credit tightened, depression. Foreign
and domestic causes: Gold and silver pulled from
US by England, Coinage Act of 1834
● Temperance - abstinence from alcoholic drink
● McCarthyism- making accusations of treason
based on the fear of communism. Originating
from the second red scare in the 1950’s.
● Executive Order 9066 - Japanese internment.
1942 “relocation”
● Watergate Scandal - 1972 “dirty tricks” campaign
by the Committee to Reelect the President (CRP)
● Glasnost and perestroika - openness and reform
from old cold war habits. Mikhail Gorbachev.
CUL - 6
Analyze the role of Culture and the arts in 19th and 20th century
movements for social and political change
Event Timeline
● 1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher
Stowe increased northern support for abolition,
fueled the start of the Civil War and eventually
the Emancipation Proclaimation
● 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act. The Jungle by
Upton Sinclair pushed legislators to pass
consumer protection laws after the horrors of the
meat-packing industry were revealed
● 1920 The 18th Amendment outlawed the sale,
manufacture and transportation of alcohol went
into effect as a result of pressure from “drys”.
Linked alcohol with corruption, temperance for
moral reasons
● 1950’s Civil Rights sparked by Jackie Robinson,
new push resulted in Brown v. Board of
Education ruling
Key Terms
● Muckrakers Sensationalists that focused on
exposing corruption
CUL - 7
Explain how and why “modern” cultural values and popular culture have
grown since the early 20th century and how they have affected American
politics and society
Event Timeline
● 1920’s increasing consumerism starting in the
1920’s
● 1970 Clean Air Act, result of push by
environmentalists. Silent Spring
● 1974 Public loses faith and trust in government
in light of the Watergate scandal. Become wary of
government involvement and regulation, more
conservative
● 1980’s An increased emphasis on religion and
conservatism in society, push against abortion
rights and ERA.
Key Terms
● Jazz/Rock n’ Roll/Pop - the evolution of
popular music of the younger generations
throughout the 1900’s
● New Left - liberal party, composed of young
people , focused mostly on exiting the war in
Vietnam.
● Equal Rights Amendment - Grant women
equal wages, equal standing as men under the law
(not in society). Shot down in 1982