Review for Test on
Progressives
HW: Study – Essay on Friday
Multiple Choice on Monday
Goal of the Progressives

Strong government could correct abuses
and protect rights of the people.
Muckraker

Journalists who exposed the problems in
society as a result of industrialization.
Ida Tarbell
“History of Standard Oil”
Ruthless business
practices of Standard Oil
Lincoln Steffens
“The Shame of the Cities”
Urban political
corruption
Muckrakers
Jacob Riis
“How the Other Half Lives”
Life in New York’s
tenements
Upton Sinclair
“The Jungle”
Dangerous conditions
in meatpacking industry
Identify:




William “Boss” Tweed – corrupt political
boss – Tammany Hall – stole millions from
NY
Thomas Nast – cartoonist – drew Tweed
Wilson, Roosevelt, and Taft – Progressive
Presidents
Carrie Nation – leader in Prohibition
Identify:



Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony –
suffragists – fought for women’s right to vote.
W.E.B. DuBois – fought for equality among
African Americans, NAACP – fight actively
Booker T. Washington – fought for equality
among African Americans, Tuskegee University.
Learn a trade work way up to gain economic
equality.
Define:





Initiative: People could suggest legislation
Referendum: People would vote on legislation
Recall: People could have leaders removed from
office
Direct Primary - allows voters, rather than party
leaders, to select candidates to run for office.
Suffragists – campaign for the right to vote
Identify:


17th Amendment – Direct election of
senators
19th Amendment – Women’s right to vote
Good vs. Bad Trusts


Bad trusts hurt the consumer
Bad trusts do not allow for competition
Describe:

Pennsylvania Coal Strike:
Ask for better pay in Pennsylvania
Schools and hospitals run out of coal for heat
Owners refuse to negotiate with the miners union
Roosevelt threatens to send troops to open the mines.
Northern Securities Company


Suit brought against big business
Roosevelt continued to fight businesses
that were hurting the consumers
Interstate Commerce Act

Set up to stop railroad abuses such as
pools and rebates.
Hepburn Act
 Strengthened
the ICC
Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Prohibited monopolies by declaring illegal
any business combination or trust.
Pure Food and Drug Act


Act required food and drug makers to list all
ingredients on their packages
Tries to end false advertising and the use
of impure ingredients.
Meat Inspection Act


Influenced by The Jungle
It forces meat packers to open their doors
to federal inspectors.
Federal Reserve System

To regulate banking.
Federal Trade Commission

investigate companies to stop using unfair
business practices.
Essay

Reasons for Reform
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Monopolies restricted competition
Labor unrest
Unhealthy and unsafe living and working
conditions
Large numbers of “new Immigrants” crowding
the cities
Urban poverty, crime, congestion, and poor
sanitation
Political corruption at all levels of government
Who were the Progressives?



Americans who wanted to deal with the
problems.
Many different movements
Goals:


Abuses of power by government and business
could be stopped.
Strong government could correct abuses and
protect rights of the people.
Cities and Settlement Houses


An attempt to end the poverty, crowding
and disease in American cities.
Important info to include:




Jacob Riis
Settlement house
Hull House
Jane Addams
Temperance and Prohibition



Temperance -Opposed the use of alcoholic
beverages, began in 1820s
Prohibition – outlawing the manufacture
and sale of alcoholic beverages.
Important info to include:



Women’s Christian Temperance Union
Carrie A. Nation
18th Amendment
Women’s
Rights
 Suffrage for women was the main goal of the


feminist movement in the Progressive Era.
They felt they could correct various social
problems.
Important info to include:





Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Susan B. Anthony
Seneca Falls Convention
Declaration of Sentiments
19th Amendment
Rights of African Americans




Decades after Civil War were difficult times for
African Americans.
Laws prevented them from exercising their rights Jim Crow laws.
Booker T. Washington – urged African Americans
to learn a vocation to establish themselves
economically.
W.E.B. DuBois – rejected accommodation –
African Americans should protest unfair treatment.
Progressivism at State levels

State- progressives wanted to limit the
power of boss-controlled political machines.





Secret ballot
Initiative
Referendum
Recall
Direct primary
Progressivism at National Level


Roosevelt, Taft and Wilson – progressive
presidents
Roosevelt –







Pure Food and Drug Act
Meat Inspection Act
Square Deal – business regulation, labor conditions, and
conservation
Trustbuster – Northern Securities Case
Strengthen ICC l- Hepburn Act – set railroad rates
Labor – Coal Strike
Conservation

Taft




Standard Oil Company – the monopoly had to be
dissolved.
Mann –Elkins Act – ICC power to regulate
telephone and telegraph
16th Amendment – graduated income tax
Payne Aldrich Act – set higher tariff rates

Wilson





New Freedom
Lowered tariff
Federal Reserve Board – regulate money supply
Federal Trade Commission
19th amendment