Chapter 10: Culture, Power and Trade in the Era of Asian Hegemony, 220-1350
Chapter Outline
I. India in the Classical and Medieval Eras
II. China: Cultural and Political Empires
III. Korea: From Three Kingdoms to One
IV. The Emergence of Japan
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present
Chapter 10: Culture, Power and Trade in the Era of Asian Hegemony, 220–1350
I. India in the Classical and Medieval Eras
184 B.C.E.–320 C.E., fragmentation
A. Gupta Dynasty (320–500)
Chandra Gupta I
m. Kumaradevi, Licchavi clan
Samudra Gupta (335–375)
Chandra Gupta II (375–415)
daughter Prabhavati Gupta
m. Rudrasena II
Vakataka dynasty
Hinduism
Bhagavad Gita (Song of the
Blessed One)
Bhakti (devotion)
Kirshna
Faxian, journals
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 10: Culture, Power and Trade in the Era of Asian Hegemony, 220–1350
I. India in the Classical and Medieval Eras
B. Gupta Achievements
Ajanta monasteries
Kalidasa
Shakuntala
Nalanda university
Aryabhatta
C. New Political and Religious Orders
Huns, 515
Rajputs
Harsha (606–647)
T’ang delegation
647 > Regional Kingdoms
Shankara (c. 788–820)
Chola Kingdom
Pallavar dynasty
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 10: Culture, Power and Trade in the Era of Asian Hegemony, 220–1350
D. Muslims in India
1. 712 — Sind
2. Mahmud of Ghazni
Gujarat
Firdawsi (940–1020)
Shahnamah
al-Biruni (b. 973)
3. 1206 — Delhi Sultanate
Qutb ud-Din Aibak, Sultan
> new dynasty
Iltutmish (1211–1236)
consecrated by Abbasids
Raziyya (1236–1240)
Ala ud-Din (1296–1316)
“Second Alexander”
Tughluks
Ibn Battuta
Vijayangar
Timur
destruction of Delhi, 1398
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 10: Culture, Power and Trade in the Era of Asian Hegemony, 220–1350
II. China: Cultural and Political Empires
A. Period of Division
Xiongnu, Yuexhi (Turks)
Jin Dynasty
Sixteen Kingdoms (304–439)
Northern Wei (439–534)
sinified
equal-field system
Luoyang, capital
589 — unification
Buddhism
Mahayana
bodhisattvas
Pure Land
Sui Dynasty (589–618)
Emperor Wendi (581–604)
son, Yangdi (604–618)
Grand Canal, 605–609
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 10: Culture, Power and Trade in the Era of Asian Hegemony, 220–1350
II. China: Cultural and Political Empires
B. Tang Culture
Politics of the Early Tang
Gaozu, Taizong, Gaozong (618–683)
653 — Law Code
examination system
Empress Wu (690–705)
grandson, Xyanzong (712–756)
Chan Buddhism (=Zen)
Literature and the Arts
600 — Block printing
The Understanding of History
Li Bo (701–763)
Du Fu (712–770)
Wu Daozi
emperor Xuanzong
Tang Decline, Transformation
Commanders
e.g. An Lushan
“Two Tax System”
881 — Chang’an taken
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 10: Culture, Power and Trade in the Era of Asian Hegemony, 220–1350
II. China: Cultural and Political Empires
C. Song Era (960–1279)
1. Politics
Song Taizu (960–976)
Shenzong (1067–85)
Wang Anshi
reforms
Alliance with Jurchen
Jin Dynasty
2. Economy
Economic revolution
paper money
3. Society
Women
footbinding — still rare
female infanticide
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 10: Culture, Power and Trade in the Era of Asian Hegemony, 220–1350
II. China: Cultural and Political Empires
C. Song Era (960–1279)
4. Culture
Su Shi (1037–1101)
Sima Guang (1019–86)
Fan Kuan (fl. 990–1020)
Cheng Hao (1032–85)
Cheng Yi (1033–1108)
brothers
li and qi
= Neo-Confucians
Zhu Xi (1130–1200)
White Deer Grotto Academy
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 10: Culture, Power and Trade in the Era of Asian Hegemony, 220–1350
II. China: Cultural and Political Empires
D. Mongols
551 — Turkish Empire
Uighur, Tangut
Temujin (1162–1227)
1206 — Great Khan
Ögödei (1229–1241)
Möngke and Hülegü
E. Yuan Rule
Khubilai Khan (1260–94)
> Yuan dynasty
sinified
Marco Polo, c. 1275
Christianity
John of Plano Carpini, 1246
William of Rubruck, 1254
John of Monte Corvino
1289–1322
White Lotus Society
Maitreya
Zhu Yuanzhang
= Taizu
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 10: Culture, Power and Trade in the Era of Asian Hegemony, 220–1350
III. Korea: From Three Kingdoms to One
Ko Choson
from 1500 B.C.E.
109 B.C.E., Han
A. Three Kingdoms
Koguryo
37 B.C.E.
King Sosurin (371–84)
Paekche
from 3rd B.C.E.
Silla
57 B.C.E, foundation
B. Koryo Dynasty
King Taejo
Mongols, 1238
King Kongmin (1351–74)
1374, assassination
Ming, 1392
> Yi Dynasty (1392–1910)
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 10: Culture, Power and Trade in the Era of Asian Hegemony, 220–1350
IV. The Emergence of Japan
Neolithic — Jōmon
5000–3500 B.C.E.
Japanese
c. 300 B.C.E.
Koreans to Kyūshū
Yayoi period (300 B.C.E.–300 C.E.)
A. Tomb Period (300–645)
Records
Kojiki, Nihongi
Queen Himiko
Shintō
kami — clan deities
uji — clan
Yamato uji
Amaterasu —Yamato kami
Prince Shōtoku
Hōryūji, 607
“Seventeen-Article Constitution,” 604
645 — Fujiwara family
Taika Reforms, 645
B. Classical Period — Nara and Heian
710, Nara (710–784, Nara Period)
794, Heian (794–1181, Heian Period) = Kyoto
Shōen tax-free estates
1181–1186 — Civil War
Minamoto Yoritomo (1147–99)
wife, Hōjō Masako (1157–1225)
C. Classical Arts and Literature
Lady Murasaki, Tale of Genji
Man’yōshū (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves)
Kana script
D. Japanese Buddhism
Mahayana Buddhism, sixth century
Tendai (805), Shingon (805) Buddhism
widen participation
Zen Buddhism
E. Early Medieval Japan
Minamoto Yoritomo
1185, shogun
> Kamakura Period (1185–1333)
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 10: Culture, Power and Trade in the Era of Asian Hegemony, 220–1350
The Ebersdorf Mappamundi
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins