Chapter 29: Forging New Nations in Asia, 1910-1950
Chapter Outline
I. China: Revolution and Republic
II. Korea from Monarchy to Colony
III. Nationalism in Southeast Asia
IV. India: The Drive for Independence
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present
Chapter 29: Forging New Nations in Asia, 1910-1950
I. China: Revolution and Republic
Qing Dynasty
reforms
Yuan Shikai
military reform
A. The Revolution of 1911
Revolutionary Alliance (Tongmenghui)
Qiu Jin
Sun Yatsen (1866-1925)
founds Revolutionary Alliance, 1905
"Three Principles of the People":
nationalism
democracy
livelihood
Qing abdicateYuan Shikai interim president
1913 - Elections
Guomindang (GMD) in
= Nationalist Party
Yuan represses
1915, emperor
1916 > rule of warlords
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 29: Forging New Nations in Asia, 1910-1950
I. China: Revolution and Republic
B. The May Fourth Generation
1915 - New Youth
founded, Chen Duxiu
"New Culture"
vernacular
Hu Shi
Lu Xun
"A Madman's Diary"
Versailles Peace Conference
Japan get Shandong
> May 4, 1919 demonstrations
influential
Mao Dun (1896-1981)
Midnight
Ba Jin (1904- )
Family
Ding Ling (1904-85)
Diary of Miss Sophie
C. Nation Building
1921- Chinese Communist Party
Jiang Jieshi (1888-1975)
(Chiang Kai-shek)
head of CCP's military academy
Zhou Enlai (1898-1976)
Shanghai - International Settlement
May 30, 1925, demonstrations
British intervene
> sympathy strikes
> Northern Expedition
1927, reaches Shanghai
Nationalists, to Beijing, 1928
Jiang forms government
> Republic of China
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 29: Forging New Nations in Asia, 1910-1950
I. China: Revolution and Republic
(C. Nation Building)
Rural China
Peng Pai (1896-1929)
agrarian reform
Mao Zedong (1893-1976)
1927 - Autumn Harvest Uprising
Communists
government in Jiangxi
1934 - forced on Long March
1935 - arrive in Shannxi
D. World War II
Japan
takes Taiwan, Korea
1931 - Manchurian Incident
Japanese soldiers
> 1932, Manchukuo
1937 - war between Japan and China
1937 - Rape of Naking
brutal attack
1945 - Japan defeated
> civil war
1949 - People's Republic of China
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 29: Forging New Nations in Asia, 1910-1950
II. Korea from Monarchy to Colony
A. Choson Dynasty (1392-1910)
Yangban reformers
aristocracy
Kim Ok-kyun
1882 – coup
Famine - 1893-4
Tonghak religious movement
Buddhism and folk religions
repressed by King Kojong, Chinese troops
Sino-Japanese War (1894-5)
defeat
China withdraws
B. Nationalism
1905, Korea a protectorate of Japan
1910, colony
1907, National Debt Compensation Campaign
for independence
1919 - demonstrations
Sin'ganhoe
nationalists and Korean Communist Party
1930's - Repression
schools, Japanese
Japanese surnames
Koreans subservient
"comfort girls"
Kabo reforms (1984-96)
Independence Club, 1896
newspaper, Independent
han'gul
banned, 1898, but influential
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 29: Forging New Nations in Asia, 1910-1950
III. Nationalism in Southeast Asia
A. Indochina
Indochinese Union, France
Cochin China
Annam
Tonkin
Cambodia
Laos
ruled from Hanoi
Ideas of Rousseau, Locke, Mill
Phan Boi Chau (1867-1940)
Phan Chu Trinh (1872-1926)
B. The Philippines
1907 - Legislative Assembly
1916, Jones Act
Nationalist Movement
Sergio Osmeña
Manuel Quezon
1934 - Tydings-McDuffie Act
promised independence
1946 - Independence
Ho Chi Minh (1890-1969)
to Versailles, denied
> 1927, Nationalist Party of Vietnam
1930, Indochinese Communist Party
1941, Viet Minh( League of Independence of Vietnam)
founded by Ho Chi Minh
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 29: Forging New Nations in Asia, 1910-1950
III. Nationalism in Southeast Asia
C. Indonesia/ Dutch East Indies
Dutch Native Schools
Sarekat Islam, 1912
Umar Sayed Tjokrominoto
splits > Partai Kommunis Indonesia (PKI)
1926 - PKI uprising
repressed
Indonesian Nationalist Party
1927, founded
Achmed Sukarno (1901-70)
D. Siam (Thailand)
"Thailand", 1939
= Land of the Free
1932 - Pridi Phanomyung
coup d'état
E. Burma and Malaya
Burma
inspired by Indian National Congress
Young Men's Buddhist Association, 1906
> General Council of Burmese Associations,
1921
Malaya
1957, British cede to:
Malayan Chinese Association, and
United Malay National Association,
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 29: Forging New Nations in Asia, 1910-1950
IV. India: The Drive for Independence
A. Gradual Steps Toward Self-Rule
1918, British commission
> Government of India Act of 1921
1919, Rowlatt Acts ("Black Acts")
B. Gandhi and Civil Disobedience
Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948)
ashrams
Amritsar Massacre, 1919
1930, Salt March
Sarojini Naidu (1879-1949)
C. The Continuing Struggle
Indian National Congress
dominates from 1935
Muslim League
Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948)
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Brahmin
Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964)
D. The Hindu-Muslim Divide
"Two-nation theory"
1933 - idea of Pakistan
1942 - Gandhi, "Quit India"
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 29: Forging New Nations in Asia, 1910-1950
What’s in a Name? Siam or Thailand?
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins