Reaching Out: Expanding Horizons
of Cross Cultural Interaction
CH. 21
What can you tell me about
Melaka? (1)
Why was Marco Polo important? (3)
• Trade went 2 ways: Luxury goods of high value
• Venetian,
relative to weight (stones, silk) went through Silk
• Traveled for the Mongols, well liked
Roads. Bulkier commodities (steel, stone) by sea lanes. • Diplomatic missions
• Trading ports and cities grew rapidly .
• Melaka known as the principal trading
route in the Easter Indian Ocean
• Influenced European readers because
the mention of goods in his travels.
• European merchants wanted to take part
Why was Rabban Sauma
Important? (4)
• Both Mongols and Christians attacked
the Muslims.
• Pope Innocent IV invites Mongols to convert
and join
• Decline invite Christians to do the same, they use
Rabban Sauma to help them, unsuccessful
• DIPLOMATIC AFFAIRS ARE COMPLEX IN THE EAST
Why was Ibn Battuta
Important? (5)
• Muslim traveler
• Well liked where he went
• Educated in legal matters and made
it able for him to find gov’t positions where
he went
• Guided newly converted areas of Islam
• Helped to spread Islam
• Did not force strict doctrine
• Emphasized piety & devotion
• Being flexible led to less
resistance
What was Sufis approach
to Islam? (6)
• In the East many Christians
attempted to convert.
• Sought to convert Mongols
and Chinese
• Expatriate communities
from Europe created a demand
for Roman Catholic Services
• Italian Franciscan missionary
• Active in China
• Tried to est. Christianity in China
• Attracted few
• Geography hurt Roman
Catholic conversion so did
other already established religions
What can you tell me about
Christianity in China? (7)
What did diffusion of new crops and gun
powder technology do? (9)
• Long distance travel of all kinds
encouraged exchanges of all
Societies
• Exchanges include but not
limited to: science, agriculture,
technology, poetry etc.
• ALL THIS PROMOTED CULTURAL
DIFFUSION
• Muslims introduced
citrus fruits in subSaharan Africa
• Cotton in W. Africa
• Diffused sugarcane
to SW Asia, N Africa and
Europe
• Sugarcane would help
lead to slave labor &
plantations
• Mongols helped
spread gunpowder
from east to west
Areas Bubonic Plague
did not reach. (11)
•
•
•
1300 global climate change
Temperatures cooled
Agriculture declined
• Originated and spread
from China (Yunnan)
• 1300s Mongols/merchants
spread the disease west
• Areas that DID NOT see the
plague: Northernmost parts of
Europe, India, & sub-Saharan
africa
Effects of Bubonic Plague. (10)
• Disrupted societies &
economies in Europe, & N.
Africa
• Urban workers wanted
higher wages
• Political authorities froze
wages
• Lords wanted reinstate
serfdom
What did Hongwu do? (12)
What does Ming
Mean? (13)
• Yuan dynasty falls,
Mongols leave
• Hongwu emperor of Ming
Dynasty
• Orphaned, moved through
military
• Went back to traditional
Chinese models
• Confucian school & civil
service exam
Who were the
Mandarins? (14)
• Enhanced authority
of central gov’t
• Mandarins=officials
as emmisaries
• Eunuchs=could not
build families or power
bases
• Gave absolute
Obediance to policies
and initiatives of gov’t
What were successes of
Ming dynasty emperors? (15)
• Rebuilt irrigation systems
• Lacquerware, silk, cotton
• No trade w/other lands
• Got rid of any signs of
Mongol rule
• Regional states held
political authority
• Western Europe grew
stronger societies and
monarchies
• Major cities: Milan,
Florence & Venice
What states were
involved in
Hundred Years War? (17)
Discuss the Power of
Spain. (18)
Discuss the
Hundred Years War(16)
What did Grand Prince
Ivan the III do? (20)
• Hundred Years War
• Fought over land
intermittently
• Levied taxes and assembled
armies
• Central gov’t overpowered
nobility
• In Spain Ferdinand and
Isabel united wealthiest
Iberian realms
• Reconquista in Spain
• In Russia Ivan III ended
tribute to Mongols
• Est. its own principality
and origin in Muscovy
• Est. strong central gov’t
Who were Humanists? (22)
What is the Renaissance? (21)
What was Humanists
moral thought? (23)
• 1300-1500s
• Inspiration from
Classical Greece and
Rome
• Represented human
form and emotion
• Architecture domed
buildings
• Humanists interested
in humanities: history,
literature, philosophy
• Inspired by classical
Greece and Rome
• Morally virtuous life
could be led in a actively
urban world
Reasons for sailing expeditions
in Ming Dynasty? (24)
• Eunuch admiral led
many expeditions
• Naval expeditions to
impose presence in Indian
Ocean
• 2 purposes: Impose
imperial control over foreign
trade w/ China and impress
people with power & might
of Ming Dynasty
• Dispensed gifts and received
gifts
• Zheng He tried diplomacy
to reach goals
• If he had he would impose
Chinese might
• 7 expeditions succeeded in
establishing Chinese might in
the Indian Ocean Basin
Who was Zheng He
And what did he do? (25)
• 1430s Ming emperors
end expeditions
• Confucian ministers felt
expense could be better used
for agriculture
• Treasure ships decommissioned
and Chinese would forget
how to create these large vessels
• Showed political, economic
and military influence in Indian
Ocean Basin
What can you tell me about
Portuguese mariners? (26)
Discuss the Slave trade. (27)
• First in Atlantic exploration
• First to try to find new routes
to Asian markets through Indian
Ocean
• Prince Henry the Navigator
wanted to spread Christianity &
increase Portuguese influence
in the seas
• Portuguese colonize in the
Atlantic and along the West
African coast
•
Portuguese always had
traded guns/manufactured
items for slaves
•
As colonization increased
so did the volume of trade
in slaves
•
Often went to colonized
plantations
•
Other explorers sought
new routes to Asian silk & spices
•
Didn’t want to deal w/
intermediaries
•
Explorers: Bartolomeau Dias &
Vasco de Gama
Discuss Christopher
Columbus. (28)
• Believed you can sail
West to reach Asian
markets
• Ferdinand & Isabel
underwrite his campaign
• 1492 sets sail
• Him and his crew land
in Bahamas , insisted he
reached land near Asia
(FALSE)
• Showed there was a
different world apart from
Europe, Asia and Africa