Vocabulary – 21 points
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 Each word must be in SENTENCE FORM! You will not get credit for simply
copying the definition
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George Washington – George Washington was
the commander of the Continental Army.
John Burgoyne – John Burgoyne was a British
army officer in the Revolutionary War.
Benedict Arnold – Benedict Arnold was a US
Army general who later turning traitor.
Neutral – Neutral means not favoring any one
side.
Pacifist – A pacifist is someone who is opposed
to all war.
Mercenary – A mercenary is a professional
soldier hired to fight for another country.
Strategy – A strategy is an overall plan of
action.
Rendezvous – A rendezvous is a meeting.
Guerrillas - Guerrillas are small banks of
fighters who weaken the enemy with surprise
attacks and raids.
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Marquis de Lafayette – Marquis de Lafayette was a
French aristocrat who volunteered for Washington’s
army.
Valley Forge – Valley Forge was where Washington’s
army camped the winter of 1777-1778.
George Rogers Clark – George Rogers Clark was a
frontiersman who helped defend the frontier.
John Paul Jones – John Paul Jones was a sea commander
who attacked British ships near the British coast.
Ally – An ally is a country that agrees to help another
country.
Desert – To desert means to leave without permission.
Privateer – A privateer is a privately owned ship that
attacks enemy merchant ships.
Lord Cornwallis – Lord Cornwallis was the British
general that was defeated at Yorktown.
Redoubt – A redoubt is a small fort.
Treaty of Paris – The 1783 treaty that ended the war.
Disputes – A dispute is a disagreement.
Outposts – An outpost is a military base.
Battles of the American
Revolution – worth 30 points
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Saratoga
 Who – American: Major
General Horatio Gates.
British: Lieutenant General
John Burgoyne
 What – Burgoyne
surrendered to the
Continental Army
 Where – Saratoga, NY
 When – 1777
 Why – Showed European
countries that the U.S. might
win – France joined the war
Trenton
 Who – American: General
George Washington. British:
British and Hessian soldiers
 What – American victory
 Where – Trenton, NJ
 When – December 26, 1776
 Why – Revived American
hopes and boosted
Washington’s reputation as
a military leader
Battles of the American
Revolution – worth 30 points
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Frontier Fighting
 Who – George Rogers Clark
 What – Raids and surprise
attacks on American frontier
 Where – West of the
Appalachian Mountains
 When – 1775-1783
 Why – Slowed European
progress, gave the
Americans a hold on the
region between the Great
Lakes and Ohio River
Naval War
 Who – John Paul Jones
 What – British navy
blockaded American ports,
Continental Navy and
privateers sank/captured
small British vessels
 Where – British and American
coastline
 When – 1775-1783
 Why – John Paul Jones defeat
of the Serapis inspired the
Americans
Battles of the American
Revolution – worth 30 points
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Yorktown
 Who – American and French: General George
Washington. British: Lieutenant General Lord
Charles Cornwallis
 What – Last major military operation of American
Revolution
 Where - Virginia
 When – Sept and Oct 1781
 Why – After the British defeat, began peace talks
with the Americans
Comprehension Questions
– worth 30 points
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1.
The American Revolution was like a civil war because the
Revolution divided the population between those who wanted
independence and from Great Britain (patriots) and those who
remained loyal to the king (loyalists). The war took place in
one country, similar to a civil war. Native Americans were
divided between the two sides, as well.
2.
Both America and Britain had troubles raising armies for the
Revolutionary War. George Washington had troubles getting
men to enlist for more than one year. Also, the government
had a hard time supplying the troops. On the other hand, the
British required enlistment for life, which many people wanted
to avoid. Plus, popular support in Britain was against the war.
Comprehension Questions
– worth 30 points
3.
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The Battles of Trenton and Saratoga help us understand
how the American Patriots gained their independence.
Before the Battle of Trenton, American morale was low,
and many soldiers were deserting the army. General
George Washington led a successful campaign against a
mix of British soldiers and hired Hessians. The successful
campaign lifted morale and restored confidence in
Washington’s leadership. During the Battles of Saratoga,
American troops led by General Horatio Gates fired
upon Burgoyne’s British troops night and day until they
surrendered. This victory showed European nations that
the Americans might actually win the war against the
powerful British empire, leading to the French joining the
fight with the Americans.
Comprehension Questions
– worth 30 points
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4. France and Spain entered the Revolutionary War because
Britain had been their enemy for many years and joining
the American cause would force Britain to spread its
resources over several fronts.
5. Valley Forge transformed the American army because,
despite the hardships, the American troops became a
well-disciplined fighting force. Washington’s
determination and patriotism led his men through the
difficult times. The Baron von Steuben taught them how
to handle weapons properly and how to fight the kind of
formal battles favored by the British. Because of this, the
army emerged from Valley Forge as a more efficient and
stronger fighting machine.
Comprehension Questions
– worth 30 points
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6. Marquis de Lafayette, Baron de Kalb and the Baron von
Steuben were all foreign officers who helped Washington
during the Revolutionary War. Lafayette was a French
aristocrat who volunteered for Washington’s army. He
was given command of his own army division, and
convinced the King of France to send a 6,000-man army
to America. Baron de Kalb was a German officer who
served in the French army. He became one of
Washington’s generals with a reputation for bravery. The
Baron von Steuben taught the troops how to properly
handle weapons and how to fight the proper British
battle.
Comprehension Questions
– worth 30 points
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7.
8.
The Americans were able to beat the British and gain their
independence because the Americans used their advantages
(examples: passion, popular support, leadership, foreign allies,
communication and supplies, and troop strength [see chart on
page 218 of textbook]) to defeat the larger and better trained
British army. Also, the Americans had the support of the
population who assisted the cause.
The costs of the war included an estimated 27,000 American
deaths and about 8,200 were wounded. Also, the war left America
with a debt of about $27 million. Many loyalists lost their homes
and property during the war and were forced to flee to Canada.
The Revolution was a civil war that left both Patriots and Loyalists
with bitter memories. Patriots found it especially difficult to
forgive Benedict Arnold, who had turned traitor during the war.
To this day, the name Benedict Arnold is used to mean traitor.
Comprehension Questions
– worth 30 points
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9. The Treaty of Paris granted America independence and
also established the country’s new borders.
10. The ideals that emerged from the American Revolution
included the idea of republicanism. Republicanism
became the foundation of America’s political system.
Many people also began to see a conflict between slavery
and the American ideal of liberty. The idea of freedom of
religion began to spread through the newly independent
states. People believed that it was a right and a choice to
decide which religion you practiced.
Map Questions – worth 8
points
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8.
Mississippi River
Spain
Great Britain and Spain
Russia
Spain and Great Britain
Spain and Russia
30˚N
The Gulf of Mexico (OR Hudson Bay)
Hudson Bay
Claimed by Spain and Russia
Spanish Territory
Worth 24 Points
Mexico ↓
Mississippi River
Pacific Ocean
Quebec
Gulf of Mexico
Atlantic Ocean