CHAPTER 2
ISN READING NOTES
ANSWERS
Word Bank: Christopher Columbus, Hernán Cortés, Francisco Pizarro, gold,
disease, slave traders
How did Spain establish territorial
claims in
the Caribbean and South America?
Spain sent explorers such as
Christopher
Columbus, Hernán Cortés, and
Francisco
Pizarro to discover and claim lands for
Spain.
What was life like in Spanish
settlements
in the Caribbean and South America?
Although many Spanish settlers were
interested mainly in finding gold, some
started sugar plantations. At first, these
settlers forced native peoples to work for
them. When the Indians began to die from
European diseases, slave traders
provided enslaved Africans as laborers.
What type of relationship existed between the Spanish and Native Americans living in
the
Caribbean and South America?
The Spanish treated Native Americans living in the Caribbean and South America harshly.
Cortés attacked the Aztecs in Mexico. Pizarro conquered the Incas in Peru and killed
their leader Atahualpa, even though the Incas had given Pizarro the gold he demanded.
Explorers also brought diseases such as smallpox that killed many native inhabitants.
Word Bank: Francisco Coronado, Ponce de León, pueblos, presidios, missions,
priests
How did Spain establish territorial claims
in
North America?
Several explorers established Spanish
territorial claims in North America.
Ponce de León explored Florida. Francisco
Coronado traveled as far north as the
Great Plains in his search for seven cities of
gold. All he found were seven little
villages, or pueblos.
What types of permanent settlements did
the
Spanish establish in North America?
Spanish soldiers established forts called
presidios to protect Spanish lands. Catholic
priests, anxious to convert Native
Americans,
established missions.
What type of relationship existed between the Spanish and Native Americans living in
North America?
The Native Americans and the Spanish learned many things from each other. Pueblo people
learned how to use new tools, grow new foods, and raise sheep for wool. Many converted to
Catholicism. From the Indians, the Spanish learned new techniques for growing crops in the
desert. However, the Spanish treated the Native Americans harshly. Indians were made to
work as slave labor. Their religious leaders who refused to convert to Christianity were
whipped. The Spanish brought diseases, which killed many Indians. In response to this
treatment, Native Americans sometimes attacked the Spanish.
Word Bank: Jacques Cartier, Robert de La Salle, coureurs de bois,
missionaries, Huron
How did France establish territorial
claims inNorth America?
Explorers established French claims in North
America. Jacques Cartier claimed Canada.
Samuel de Champlain established a trading
post at Quebec. Father Marquette and Louis
Joliet explored the Mississippi River. Robert
de La Salle claimed Louisiana.
What was life like in French settlements
in
North America?
Fur trappers, or coureurs de bois, and
missionaries came to New France. However,
the colony failed to attract many settlers
because of the harsh climate and the
colony’s policy of granting the best land
to nobility.
What type of relationship existed between the French and Native Americans living in
North America?
The French made the Native Americans their business partners. An especially friendly
relationship was established between the French and the Huron, who were enemies of the
Iroquois. European diseases, however, killed many Indians.
Word Bank: John Cabot, Captain John Smith, Pocahontas, mosquitoes,
Starving Time, John Rolfe
How did England establish territorial
claims in North America?
John Cabot’s brief landing on
Newfoundland established English
claims
in North America. The English also
established settlements in Virginia.
What was life like in Jamestown?
Life was difficult for the settlers in
Jamestown. Their settlement was located in
a swamp where disease-carrying mosquitoes
bred. Most settlers were unwilling or unable to
provide for themselves. After Captain John
Smith took over leadership, conditions
improved. When Smith was forced to return
to England, however, the settlers went
through the Starving Time. Native
Americans would not trade with the settlers.
What type of relationship existed between the English and the Native Americans
living around Jamestown? Captain John Smith became friends with the Native Americans.
The daughter of the chief, Pocahontas, helped the colonists avoid starvation. Although the
Native Americans refused to trade with the settlers during the Starving Time, relations
improved when John Rolfe married Pocahontas.
Word Bank: Henry Hudson, Peter Minuit, Peter Stuyvesant, fur trade,
Iroquois, English, New York
How did the Netherlands establish
territorial
claims in North America?
The explorations of Henry Hudson
established the territorial claims of the
Dutch in North America. Also, Peter
Minuit bought the island of Manhattan
from the Native Americans.
What was life like in New Netherland?
Early Dutch settlers were interested in
fur trade. By 1660, nearly 8,000 people
had settled in the colony. These included
Europeans from many nations, African
slaves, and Jews seeking religious freedom.
The colony had a strong governor, Peter
Stuyvesant. Eventually, the English
drove the Dutch from the colony and
renamed it New York.
What type of relationship existed between the Dutch and Native Americans living in
New Netherland?
The Dutch established friendly relations with the Iroquois, whom they supplied with guns to
fight the Huron.