4-23-13
• Do Now: What is the difference
between a plant and animal cell?
• LT: I can describe the the functions
performed by cells.
P) Chloroplasts (Plants only)
(LS1D)
Chloroplasts
1. Function: site of photosynthesis (converting
sun and CO2 into sugar).
2. Structure: Membrane bound organelles that
contain chlorophyll
Analogy – Solar Panels
Q) Cell Wall (Plant cells only)
(LS1D)
Cell Wall
1. Function: Provides support for the cell and
the plant.
2. Structure: Made of cellulose
Analogy – ground, rock wall
Central Vacuole Plants Only
(LS1D)
Shape (LS1D)
Animal
Plant
Cells-LS1
Definition (LS1A)
= Three part theory about cells
1. All living things are made of cells.
Part 2 of the Theory (LS1A)
2. The cell is the basic structural and
functional unit of life.
Part 3 of the Theory (LS1A)
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
yeast cells dividing
How big are cells? (LS1B)
• Microscopic
(mostly)
• Measured in
microns µm
• (micrometers).
• A µm is one
millionth of a
meter =
• 10-9 m = one
thousandth of
1 mm.
How big are cells? (LS1B)
• Human red blood cell = 8 µm in diameter
How big are cells?
• Largest cell on
the human
body =
ovum
• Size=
• 1000 µm in
diameter
(1 mm)
Cell Parts (LS1A)
• Cells – the basic unit
of life
• Organelles - small
structures inside a
cell with specific
functions.
Analogy – City of Tacoma
A) Cell Membrane/Plasma
Membrane (LS1A)
Cell
membrane
1. Function: Regulates materials entering and
exiting the cell.
2. Structure: Two layers of phospholipids, proteins
Analogy – Tacoma city limits
B) Nucleus (LS1A)
Nucleus
1. Function: “Control Center.” Regulates DNA
& RNA actions.
2. Structure: membrane bound, contains DNA
Analogy – City Hall
C) Nuclear Envelope (LS1A/C)
Nuclear
Envelope
1. Function: Regulates what enters or exits the
nucleus.
2. Structure: Double Layer of Lipids
Analogy – Walls & Doors of City Hall
E) Cytoplasm (LS1A/C)
Cytoplasm
1. Function: All cell contents that lie between the cell
membrane and the nucleus. (organelles + cytosol)
a. Cytosol = liquid portion/non-organelles.
2. Structure: made up of fluid and organelles except
for nucleus
Analogy – All air, water, life that are in Tacoma, except
City Hall
F) DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid
(LS1A/C)DNA (chromatin)
1. Function: information on how to make
proteins.
a. Chromatin – unorganized DNA (normal state)
b. Chromosomes – organized DNA (present before
cell division
2. Structure: Made up of nucleotides, locked in
the nucleus
Analogy – The Laws or City Code
I) Vacuoles & Vesicles (LS1A/C)
Vesicles
1. Function: Storage for water, nutrients or
waste.
2. Structure: small membrane-bound organelle.
Analogy – Grocery stores, water tanks.
J) Lysosomes (LS1A/C)
Lysosomes
1. Function: packets of enzymes that break
down materials in a cell.
2. Structure: Small membrane-bound
organelles
Analogy – Recycling center
K) Mitochondria (LS1A/C)
Mitochondria
1. Function: Produce energy for the cell – site
of cellular respiration. “The Powerhouse”
2. Structure: Double membrane-bound, kidney
shaped.
Analogy – Tacoma Public Utilities
M) Cytoskeleton (LS1A/C)
Microfilaments
Microtubules
1. Function: Provide support and structure for
the cell.
a. Microfilaments
b. Microtubules
2. Structure: Tubules
Analogy – Wood, cement, steel beams
Cell Types
(LS1C)
Muscle Cells
Stem Cells
Nerve Cell
Red Blood Cells
Cell Types
(LS1C)
Gametes (sex cells)
Skin cells
Fat cells
Body systems
(LS1C)
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Animal classification (LS1E)
Pacific salmon classification
(Genus: Oncorhynchus) (LS1E)