Course Expectations
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On-time
Prepared
Have all equipment
Respect for classmates
100% course
attendance
100% participation
Proof of prerequisites
Materials
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Course Materials
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Pen & Paper
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Bathing Suits
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Towels
Aim & Goal
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1.
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Aim: To reduce drowning and water-related
fatalities by providing Canadians with...
Goal:
Awareness & knowledge to recognize & avoid
dangerous situations
Knowledge & skills to save lives
Basic rescue skills to save others
Knowledge & awareness to recognize
hazardous env’t and equipment in their
communities and provide solutions
Mission of
Red Cross
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To improve the lives of vulnerable people
by mobilizing the power of humanity in
Canada and around the world
Water Safety Services Structure
Water Safety
Services
Learn-to-Swim
Programs
Red Cross
Red Cross
Swim
Swim
Preschool
Kids
Teens
Instructor Development
Programs
Adults
Assistant
Water Safety
Instructor
Water Safety
Instructor
On Board
Instructor
Trainer & MIT
Haddon Matrix
A guide to assist swimmers to plan for safety
and to prevent injuries
Three stages:
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PSSS – Prepare! Stay Safe! Survive!
Factors for safety in, on and around water:
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PPE – Personal, Environment and
Equipment
Tips for Developing
Water Safe Attitudes &
Behaviours
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Language Use -choose language that is simple &
effective
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Small Chunks -present info in small manageable
chunks
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Ask Why
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Wise Choices
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Simulate Choices
Communication
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Can create a positive or negative learning
environment
Characteristics of
Communication
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Brainstorm a list of components for
effective communication
Developing Positive
Relationships
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Include everyone
Show trust & respect
Create opportunities for friendship
Show warmth & interest
Treat everyone as an individual
Work as a team to solve problems
Be a positive role model & mentor
Create a physically & mentally safe environment
Use discretion when dealing with confidential
information
Communicating
with Parents
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Take time before and after class to speak with
parents
Be honest about the child’s ability
Offer suggestions for improvement
Show parents the back of the worksheet
Share comments and progress on worksheet
Don’t be intimidated
Developing Healthy
Relationships with
Parents
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Make the parent part of the team
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Know parents by name
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Enlist the parent in solving the problem
Building Healthy
Relationships with
Swimmers
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Recognize children develop at different rates
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Don’t be afraid to tell children some things are
personal and cannot be shared
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Plan your activities to meet the class needs
Developing Healthy
Relationships with
Co-Workers
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Never discuss children in your group in front of
others
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Use appropriate language & behaviour
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Don’t ignore your class while you speak with a
co-worker
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Support and offer assistance
Learning
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Modes of perception:
 Eyes
 Ears
 Touch
 Movement
Visual Learners
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Learn best from rich visual images
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Use demonstrations
Ex: Show swimmers safety equipment items or
pictures of the safety items that they need to
take boating and demonstrate how to use the
equipment.
Auditory Learners
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Receive information best through sound
Ex: When demonstrating the arm action for front
crawl, explain what you are doing at the same
time
Tactile Learners
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Learn by touching & manipulating things
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Hands-on experience, problem solving, puzzles
and experimentation
Ex: In addition to identifying the steps in calling
EMS, put each step on a card and let swimmers
physically arrange them in the correct order
Kinaesthetic Learners
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Learning through physical action
Ex: When teaching a stride jump, keep the
explanation short and give swimmers plenty of
opportunity to practise the skill themselves
Domains of
Learning
1.
Knowledge of cognitive learning
(thinking/mental)
2.
Skill or psychomotor learning (doing/physical)
3.
Attitude or affective learning
(feeling/emotional)
Domains of
Learning
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Cognitive - What do you need to know?
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Psychomotor – What do you need to be able to
do?
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Affective – What you do you need to feel or
believe?
Information
Processing
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Step 1 – Input
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Step 2- Storage
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Step 3 - Retrieval
The Basics –
Safety Supervision
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Safety is the #1 concern
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You prevent dangerous situations
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You establish rules and routines
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You take attendance at the start of every class
Site Safety & Planning
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Facilities
 Water depth
 Space
 Water temperature
 Equipment
 Site
Routines
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Class meeting place
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Permission
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Partners for practice
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Distributing & collecting equipment
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Games
Screening
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To determine the ability and readiness of your
swimmers
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Does not need to be formal
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Focus on items that form the basis for the new
skills
Formations
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Make classes safer because it is easier for you to
control and watch swimmers
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Tips
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Identify boundaries
Keep weak swimmers close to you
Keep energetic swimmers in the middle
Consider your class size
Use only safe activities
Ensure your formation matches the pool space
Emergency
Procedures
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Know the facility emergency procedures
 Clearing the swimming area and/or building
 Supervising swimmers
 Performing rescue & backup
 Contacting EMS
 Get trained in emergency response skills
Class Management
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Children misbehave because of...
 Boredom
 Fear
 Attention seeking
 Challenging authority
 Unfair treatment
 Distraction
 Shyness
 Lack of interest
Teaching
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Start fast
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If they are not active, they are not learning
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Model what you want
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If they are in the water, so are you
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Challenge them
Teaching Methods
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Direct
Discovery
Games
Teaching through
Progressions
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Gradual and logical series of steps to teach a
new skill
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Steps in a progression are...
 Lead up to the new skill
 Introduce the new skill
 Reinforce the learning of a new skill
Corrective Methods
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Shaping
Overcorrection
Physical Manipulation
Activity Planning
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Being prepared will make your classes
successful
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Activity Plans...
-Ensures you cover essential knowledge
-Gives you confidence
-Helps you organize thoughts
-Helps budget time
-Provides a logical learning sequence
Activity Planning
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Keep in mind...
-Skill/knowledge you are teaching
-Performance criteria the swimmers need to meet
-Age and skill level of swimmers
-Time allotted
-Equipment available
-Drills
-Space available
-Safety considerations & hazards
Feedback
To guide the current efforts of your swimmer
To acknowledge & reward their efforts in the past
To motivate them for the future
Feedback
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Corrective
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Specific
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Constructive
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Focus on changeable behaviour
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Sooner rather than later
Science of Swimming
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Buoyancy
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Resistance
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Propulsion
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Laminar Flow
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Conservation of momentum
Buoyancy
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Archimedes’ Principle – a body in water is
buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of
water it displaces
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Factors affecting buoyancy:
 Body type
 Lung capacity
 Body position
 Centre of mass/centre of gravity
Resistance
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3 Types...
 Form Drag is resistance caused by shape of an object
and its profile as it moves through water
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Wave Drag is the resistance caused by water
turbulence, including turbulence you generate as you
swim
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Frictional Drag is the resistance caused by the texture
of an object’s surface as it moves through the water
Propulsion
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Law of Inertia – tendency of a body at rest to stay at rest
and a body in motion to stay in motion
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Law of Acceleration – the speed of a body depends on
how much force is applied to it and the direction that force
comes from
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Law of Action & Reaction – the principle for every action
there is an equal and opposite reaction
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Law of Levers – states the product of the force and the
force arm is equal to the product of the resistance and
resistance arm
Successful Strokes
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Efficient
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Depends on each component – body position,
arm and leg action and breathing – all being
done correctly
Stages of a Stroke
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Recovery
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Catch
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Power Phase
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Glide
Stroke Feedback
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Body Position
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Legs: Power & Recovery
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Arms: Power & Recovery
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Breathing
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Coordination & Timing
Skills & Water Safety
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Drowning is 4th major cause of death by
unintentional injury in Canada
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Drowning is the leading cause of death for
recreational & sporting activities
Teaching Tips
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Games & Routines
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Stress key concept – be safe in, on & around
water
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Use visual aids
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Simulate aquatic situations
Fitness
Red Cross Swim Preschool
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To build fundamental motor skills
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Increase awareness of how the body moves
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Promote & develop social skills
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Develop muscular strength & endurance
Fitness –
Red Cross Swim Kids
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Personal Best
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Fun
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Lifelong aquatic skills
Fitness Content
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Play & songs
Kicking drills
Intro to synchronized swimming
Eggbeater
Butterfly
Sidestroke
Distance Swims
Benefits
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Improves:
 Cardiovascular endurance; muscle strength & endurance;
flexibility; balance & coordination
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Reduces chance of:
 Heart disease; diabetes; osteoporosis; colon cancer;
stroke
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Helps you:
 Stay alert; deal with stress & anxiety; relieve depression;
improve sleep; maintain a healthy body weight; feel better
Teaching Tips
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Emphasize distance
Formations
Use the same measurement for everyone
Let swimmers choose strokes they want
Encourage proper techniques, but do not
evaluate
Benefits of
Water Exercise
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Less impact and stress
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Keeps you cool
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Increase blood circulation
F.I.T.T. Principle
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Frequency
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Intensity
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Time
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Type
Target Heart Rate
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The ideal heart rate you should maintain
during exercise in order to get the greatest
cardiovascular benefit
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Between 60 & 85% of your predicted
maximum heart rate
Training Techniques
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Over-Distance Training
Interval Sets
Repetition
Sprints
Straight Sets (pacing)
Ladders
Pyramids