Cell Organelles and their
Functions
Cells
Cells are the basic unit of all living
things.
 IF IT IS ALIVE, IT HAS CELLS!
 Cell Theory:

–
All organisms are made up of one or more
cells
– The cell is the basic unit of all organisms
– all cells come from cells
Two Types of Cells
Parts in common
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Organelles
DNA
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
This is a prokaryotic cell
Is a single celled organism that does
not have a nucleus or membrane
bound organelles.
 Its DNA is locked in the cytoplasm.

Four “Classes” of Eukaryotic
Cells

There are 4 classes of eukaryotic cells.
Will only discuss 2; Plant & Animal
cells Plant cells
Animal Cells
Cell Differentiation

Each kind of cell has a DIFFERENT job to
do…it is specialized.
I am a
heart cell!
I am a
skin cell
I’m a
Prison
Cell! 
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
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When you hear the new vocabulary,
just think of a TURTLE!
Cell Membrane
The cell membrane holds the cell
together and allows nutrients into the
cell.
 It’s just like a turtle’s skin - the cell
membrane is on the edge of a cell.

Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is the watery gel (Jello!)
inside a cell….it’s goop! It holds the
ORGANelles.
 Cytoplasm is like the turtles blood and
other liquids.

Mitochondria

Mitochondria is an ORGANelle that releases energy from
food.
 Every type of cell has a different amount of mitochondria.
There are more mitochondria in cells that have to
perform lots of work, for example - your leg muscle cells.
Other cells need less energy to do their work and have
less mitochondria.
 Mitochondria is like a turtle’s stomach.
Nucleus


The nucleus controls the cell.
It is the largest organelle in the cell and
contains the cell’s DNA.
 The nucleus is like the turtle’s brain.
Nucleolus

Inside the nucleus is another organelle
called the nucleolus.
 It is responsible for making ribosomes.
 It is similar to all the neuron pathways inside
a turtle’s brain.
Chromosomes

Chromosomes are inside the nucleus and
are made of genes (DNA).
 Genes decide the cells traits and activities
(heart cell, eye cell - such as color).
Nuclear Membrane
The nuclear membrane allows
substances to pass in and out of the
nucleus.
 It surrounds the nucleus (the brain) like
the turtle’s skull…protects it.

Vacuoles
Vacuoles are spaces in the
cytoplasm (gel) where food and
chemicals are stored
 It’s like “fat” on a turtle

I am NOT
fat…I’m
just a little
plump!!
Endoplasmic Reticulum

It is a network of membranes throughout the cytoplasm
of the cell.
 It helps to move materials around the cell.
 It is much like the blood vessels throughout a turtle.
Golgi apparatus

It is organelle in the cell that is responsible for sorting and
correctly shipping the proteins produced in the ER.
 The Golgi apparatus are stacks of membrane-covered
sacs.
 They also package proteins to be moved out of the cell.
 It’s like the digestive system of a turtle.
Vesicles

It is a small sac that surrounds material
to be moved into or out of a cell
Ribosomes


Organelles that help in the synthesis of proteins.
Some ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm, but most are
attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. While attached to
the ER, ribosomes make proteins that the cell needs and
also ones to be exported from the cell for work elsewhere
in the body.
Lysosomes
• Lysosomes function as the cell's recycling
compartment.
• Lysosomes contain digestive chemicals that help
break down food molecules, wastes, and worn out
cell parts.
• It’s similar to the turtle’s digestive system!
The
lysosomes are
stained RED!
Cell Wall
Cell Walls are only in plant cells
 They make the cell strong and rigid
 They are like a turtle’s shell (but only
plants have them…that’s why grass
stands straight up!)

Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are only in plant cells
 They contain chlorophyll, which helps
make energy/food from sunlight
 Chlorophyll is green in color.

I’m
green…do I
have
chloroplasts?
What’s the Difference?

So what are two things that Plant cells
have that animal cells don’t?
?
Chloroplasts, vacuoles, & Cell Walls
Now, let’s review…
Cell Membrane
Chromosomes
Mitochondria
Cell Wall
Nuclear Membrane
Cytoplasm
Chloroplasts
Nucleus
Vacuoles
This PowerPoint presentation has been adapted and modified by Dorothy Moore.
Obtained from Biology PowerPoints: Cell Vocabulary, by Mr. Ryan submitted
12/09/06 at www.worldofteaching.com/biologypowerpoints.html