Classifying Organisms
How do scientists classify
organisms?
Kingdom – largest group in the biological classification
system.
Dichotomous Key: a tool that uses a series of questions
to identify organisms
6 Kingdoms
eubacteria
archaebacteria
protist
fungi
plants
animals
Which organism has
2 kingdoms?
bacteria
What are the 2 types
of bacteria?
archaebacteria (ancient)
&
eubacteria
(most common)
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Protists
Bacteria:
• may have a single cell or
Archaebacteria &
multi-cells
Eubacteria
• has a nucleus
smallest organism
• have similar
have a single cell
characteristics to fungi,
do NOT have a nucleus
plants, or animals
most numerous kind of
• ex: protozoa, algae, slime
organism
mold
ex: cocci, bacilli,
Fungi
spirochetes
• has a nucleus
• absorbs their food
and breaks down
other organisms
• grows quickly and
reproduces through
spores.
How are plants classified?
Big Idea:
All plants are multicellular. Almost all
make their own food using the Sun’s
energy. Plants are classified according to
the ways they transport water and
reproduce.
Plant Kingdom
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multi-celled
have tissue & organs
have cell walls & chloroplasts
make their own food
Plant adaptation: characteristic that allows a plant to
survive.
cactus
thick waxy skin
spines
holds water
protects
Plant Kingdom
Vascular
(tube transports water &
gives support)
seed
Gymnosperms
(produces seeds)
Angiosperms
(produces flowers)
seedless
Ferns
(has spores)
Nonvascular
(absorbs water; must
live near water)
ex: moss
How are animals classified?
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Animal Kingdom
have many cells
need oxygen
eat food
most move from place to place
most reproduce sexually
Animal Kingdom
Invertebrates:
no backbone
Vertebrates:
have a backbone
Invertebrates
• largest number of animal species
• have different kind of body symmetries
Symmetry: matching forms on opposite sides of a
dividing line
Bilateral: (straight down the middle) ex: butterfly
Radial: (repeats around a center) ex: starfish
Invertebrates Examples
Cnidarians = jellyfish, coral
Echinoderms = starfish, sea urchin
Arthropods = lobster, crab, insects
Mollusks =
Worms =
clam, snail, octopus
flatworm, earthworm
Vertebrates
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may be cold-blooded or hot-blooded – this relates to how
an animal maintains its body temperature
Cold-blooded – body temperature depends on the
environment outside the body
• Fish
• Amphibians: begins life in water, but lives partly on land
examples: frog, toad
• Reptiles
examples: snake, alligator
Warm-blooded – inside body temperature stays the same
• Birds
• Mammals
examples: human, bear, lion
Animal Kingdom
Invertebrates
Vertebrates
cnidarians
echinoderms
arthropods
mollusks
worms
cold-blooded
warm-blooded
fish
amphibians
reptiles
birds
mammals
Study Guide
1. Animals that have a backbone are called ________________
. vertebrates
Protozoa
2. ______________
are animal-like protists.
3. The tool used to identify organisms based on contrasting
dichotomous key
pairs of characteristics is __________________.
Amphibians are vertebrates with smooth, moist skin
4. ______________
that begins life in the water, but live part of the time on
land.
5. The highest level of biological classification is
_____________.
kingdom
6. Animals that do not have a backbone are called
invertebrates
__________________.
7. Gymnosperms produce reproductive structures called
__________.
cones
8. Single-celled organisms whose cells do not contain nuclei are
bacteria
called __________________.
absorbing nutrients from the environment.
9. Fungi obtain food by ____________________.
has a water transport system
10. Define vascular: _____________________________________
does not have a water transport system;
11. Define nonvascular: __________________________________
absorbs nutrients
12. Name 3 protists groups:
• Protozoa (animal-like)
• Algae (plant-like)
• Slime mold (fungus-like)
13. Six Kingdoms of Classification
eubacteria
archaebacteria
protists
fungi
plants
animals
14. How are plants and fungi different?
Plants make their own food. Fungi absorbs nutrients
from the environment.
15. Compare & contrast angiosperms and
gymnosperms?
Angiosperm produces fruits & flowers.
Gymnosperm produces cones/seeds.
Both are vascular plants & have seeds.