Biology:
April 2, 2013
Bellringer: How do you classify things?
Write answer on scratch paper… Not turning in.
Objectives:
Welcome German Students!!
Make-Up Tests
Describe Classification
Assign: HW Classification
QUIZ FRIDAY!!!
Grab notes
sheet from side
lab table!
Classification
Let’s see what you know
about classifying.
I need some volunteers!
I. Classification
A. Scientists have classified over 1.5 million species
1. Must have a way to name and group them in a
logical manner
2. taxonomy- scientists classify organisms and give
them a universally accepted name
What is this animal?
Mountain lion?
cougar? Puma?
Felis concolor
B. Each species is assigned a 2 part scientific name
1. Carolus Linnaeus 18th century botanist came up with the
seven taxonomic categories: (plural: taxa)
a. Kingdom- most broad, 6 different kingdoms
b. Phylum
c. Class
d. Order
e. Family
f. Genus -group of very closely related organisms
g. Species -unique name given to each species within a
genus, no two species have same genus and species
C. Scientific names- Genus followed by the species, both in
italics or underlined.
1st word always capital; 2nd word lower case.
ex: Homo sapiens or Ursus maritimus
Columbia High School
Mrs. Clayton’s Biology Class
Freshman Science classes
Freshman class
Columbia
Columbia School District
Student Name
Kingdom: Columbia
Broad
Phylum: Columbia School District
Class: Columbia High School
Order: Freshman class
Family: Freshman Science classes
Genus: Mrs. Clayton’s Biology Class
Species: Student Name
Specific
a. Kingdomb. Phylumc. Classd. Ordere. Familyf. Genuse. Species-
animalia animalia
chordata chordata
mammalia mammalia
primates primates
hominidaehominidae
Homo
Pan
sapiens troglodytes
Human Chimpanzee
D. The more categories that two organisms have in
common, the more similar they are
ex: grizzly bear Ursus arctos vs. vs. polar bear
Ursus maritimus
• Work with a partner on these
Biology
April 3, 2013
Bellringer: ---GET OUT YOUR HOMEWORK…then answer
questions below:
Why do scientists classify things?
What are scientific names made up of?
What are the rules to writing scientific names?
GRAB NOTES SHEET FROM SIDE LAB TABLE!!!!
QUIZ FRIDAY : Classification and Cladograms!
If you knew nothing about DNA, how would you group these?
Cladogram-a diagram that shows the evolutionary
relationship among a group of organisms
1. derived characteristics are used to construct a
cladogram
ex: hair, four limbs, vertebrae
2. Each level of the
cladogram separates
out those organisms
who do or do not have
the characteristic,
shows evolutionary
change and who is
most closely related
1. How many types of plants have vascular tissue?
2. How many have seeds?
3. Which type of plant does not have seeds, flowers, or
vascular tissue?
4. Which is more closely related, mosses and flowering plants
or conifers and flowering plants?
1. After which animals did mammary glands develop?
2. What animal does not have jaws?
3. Which animals have lungs?
Organism
Vertebrae
Hair
Four Limbs
Pre-orbital
Fenestra
Shark
+
-
-
-
Amphibian
+
-
+
-
Primate
+
+
+
+
Bird
+
-
+
+
Making a cladogram… Let’s Practice!
Draw this on the back of your notes sheet!
Cells
Slug
Catfish
Frog
Tiger
Human
Backbone
Legs
Hair
Opposable
Thumbs
Assignment:
Practice interpreting cladograms
Bellringer:
What does a cladogram show you?
Questions:
How many organisms have jaws?
How many organisms are multicellular?
Who is more closely related, an earthworm and a kangaroo or a cat and a
kangaroo? How do you know?
Go over Cladogram homework…
Work on drawing cladogram
Dichotomous Key
A tool that allows the user to determine the
identity of items in the natural world
Such as: trees, wildflowers, mammals,
reptiles, rocks, and fish.
Keys consist of a series of choices that lead the
user to the correct name of a given item.
Choices need to be physical characteristics.
"Dichotomous" means "divided into two parts".
Therefore, dichotomous keys always give two
choices in each step.
Let’s take a loot at an example!
1.a. Leaf has visible veins……………………………..go to 2
b. Leaf does not have visible veins………………go to 3
2. a. Leaf has rounded edges…………………..…White Oak
b. Leaf has pointed edges………………………..Maple
3. a. Leaf has 4 separate parts……………………...go to 4
b. Leaf does not have 4 separate parts……..go to 5
4. a. Leaf has a stem…………………………………….Red clover
b. Leaf does not have a stem…………………...Trefoil clover
5. a. Leaf is long and narrow……………………..…Willow Oak
b. Leaf is not long and narrow……………...American sycamore
Work on dichotomous keys…
II. The Three Domain System
1. Molecular analyses have given rise to a new taxonomic
category called the Domain-a most inclusive and largest
category
a. Domains:
1. Bacteria—corresponds to the kingdom Eubacteria
a. “true bacteria”
b. Unicellular and prokaryotic
EX. Streptococcus, E. coli
2. Archaea—corresponds to the kingdom Archaebacteria
“ancient bacteria” Kingdom Archaebacteria
a. Unicellular and prokaryotic
b. Live in extreme environments (volcanic hot springs)
3. Eukarya—Consist of all organisms with a nucleus and
is organized into the 4 remaining kingdoms -all
eukaryotic
II. Kingdoms ( 6 of them)
A. Eubacteria
1. unicellular
2. Prokaryotes
3. ex: e-coli, streptoccocus, parasites
B. Archaebacteria
1. unicellular
2. prokaryotic and mostly anaerobic
3. Live in extreme conditions; hot springs, black mud
C. Fungi
1. most multicellular
2. feed on dead and decaying matter or absorb through
body, heterotophs
3. mushrooms, mold
D. Plantae
1. Multicellular
2. Make their own food using their chloroplasts
(photosynthetic)
ex: mosses, ferns, flowering plants
E. Animalia
1. Multicellular
2.heterotrophs-must get food from
another organism
ex: sponges, insects, worms, mammals
F. Protists
1.uni and multi cellular
2. Eukaryotes
3. Any organism that is not a plant, animal, or fungus
ex: amoeba, slime molds
Terms to review:
Autotroph- makes its own food
Heterotroph-must eat
Unicellular-made of only one cell
multicellular-made of many cells (bigger)
Prokaryotic- simple, small cells
Eukaryotic- larger more complex cells
You need to know at least three facts about each of the
kingdoms!
Archaebacteria
1. Prokaryotic
2. Unicellular
3. Live in extreme conditions
Eubacteria
1. Prokaryotic
2. Unicellular
3. Common bacteria ex: e-coli, streptococcus
Animalia
1. Eukarytoic
2. Multicellular
3. Heterotophs
Plantae
1. Eukarytoic
2. Multicellular
3. Autotroph
Protista
1. Eukaryotic
2. Uni and multicellular
3. Random grouping of organisms that don’t fit in any other
category (ex: amoeba)
Fungi
1. Eukarytoic
2. Multicellular
3. Absorb food through bodies ex: mushrooms
Match up
Organism
1. Amoeba
2. Rose
3. goldfish
4. e-coli bacteria
5. anaerobic bacteria
6. ant
7. apple tree
8. streptococcus bacteria
Kingdom
Animal
Plant
Fungi
Protista
Eubacteria
Archeabacteria
9. Who came up with the idea of taxonomy?
10. How many levels of classification do we have?
11. Which level covers the most species (is the most broad)
12. Which level is the most specific?
13. Which kingdom contains organisms that live in very
extreme environments?
14. Which kingdom would a tulip (flower) go into?
15. What two words are used for an organisms scientific
name?
16. Which kingdom contains all organisms that do not fit into
any other kingdom? (ex: amoeba)
17. If two organisms are very close to each other on a
cladogram that means they are what?
Organism 1: Eukaryotic, autotroph, ex: grass
Organism 2: Prokaryotic, lives in extreme conditions
Organism 3: Eukaryotic, heterotroph, absorbs food through
body
Organism 4: Prokaryotic, unicellular, ex: e-coli
Organism 5: Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotroph
Organism 6: Eukaryotic, uni or multicellular, ex: amoeba
1.What makes a salamander and a lizard
different?
2.What traits do mice have according to this
cladogram?
3.What is the only organism on this chart with
feathers?
4.If the hagfish was taken off the chart, would
that change the rest of the cladogram?
5.What is the only trait difference between the
lizard and the pigeon?
y
1 and 2
- Notes/review
- Practice review *need to give them a
different dichotomous key- have them use the
flowers?
6
- grade own quizzes
- taxanomik worksheet
- start study guide
*Test Wednesday!
Check study guides
Go over study guides- student lead? W. candy?
Mini note quiz
BINGO!!! w/ candy
1+2
- go over quizzes
- note quiz off the board/match up!
- taxonomic worksheet
- Study guides! – fill out with them- study for test
Thursday!!!
Bell Ringer: Who came up with the idea of
classification? What is giving organisms a scientific
classification called?
Today:
1.Get out study guides and hand forward! – if you don’t
have it right now it is ½ credit
2.Note quiz review
3.BINGO! w/ smarties! Be a smartie!
•Tomorrow is the TEST over CHAPTER 18! You will be
receiving make up work to do after the test!
•Last day for make up work to be turned in is Thursday!
Kingdom
Mammalia
domain
class
phylum
Linnaeus
taxonomy
taxa
dichotomous key
cladogram
Eubacteria
Archaeabacteria
Eukarya
autotrophic
heterotrophic fungi
Moss
“taxonomic outcasts”
animalia
Protista
Oak tree
species
genus
Capitalized
underline derived characteristics
Streptococcus
anaerobic
plantae
Bell Ringer: Who didn’t take the test yeterday?
Today:
1. TODAY is Earth day!!!
2. DEEP OCEANS video and worksheet
*if you have your make up work turn it it!!!
* Get out a ½ sheet of paper!