Date _______________________
Taxonomy Classification of Living Things
Finding Order in Diversity
 To study the ________________, biologists use a classification system to name organisms and group them in
a logical manner.
 _____________ is the branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on studies of their different
characteristics.
 Biologists who study taxonomy are called _____________.
 Classification systems change with expanding knowledge.
Carolus Linnaeus
 Swedish botanist
 Developed ________________________
 All Scientist will be using the ____________ scientific name.
 Two-word naming system
– Genus
» Noun, Capitalized,
Underlined or Italicized
– Species
» Descriptive, Lower Case,
Underlined or Italicized
– Each species is assigned a __________ scientific name
• Ex. Ursus arctos
System of Classification
 Linnaeus’s hierarchical system of classification includes ____________ (from ________ to ________ )
Grizzly Bear (common name)
--Domain
Eukarya
Each of the
– Kingdom
Animalia
– Phylum
Chordata
levels is
– Class
Mammalia
called a
Ursus arctos
– Order
Carnivora
__________
(scientific name)
– Family
Ursidae
– Genus
Ursus
Species
arctos

Taxonomic categories, an acronym:
– Domain
D__________
– Kingdom
K__________
– Phylum
P__________
– Class
C__________
– Order
O__________
– Family
F__________
– Genus
G__________
– Species
S__________
Evolutionary Classification
 __________ – evolutionary relationships among organisms
 Evolutionary classification – strategy of _________________ together based on their evolutionary
__________
1
•
o Fossil record
o ______________________
o Comparative sequencing of DNA/RNA among organisms
Molecular clocks: Allows scientist to compare _______________ form two species to estimate how long it
has been since they diverged from a ________________ ______________________
Taxonomic Diagrams
 Phylogenetic Tree - ____________________________________________________

_______________ - Attempt to trace the process of evolution by focusing on shared features
Dichotomous Keys Identify ______________
 Dichotomous keys contain ________ of contrasting descriptions.
 After each description, the key directs the user to another pair of descriptions or ____________________.
2
Example:
1. a) Is the leaf simple? Go to 2
b) Is the leaf compound? Go to 3
2. a) Are margins of the leaf jagged? Go to 4
b) Are margins of the leaf smooth? Go to 5
Domains
 Most __________ category
 Larger than a kingdom
 There are 3
o _________ – includes the kingdoms
 Protists, Fungi, _______ & Animals
o _________ – corresponds to the kingdom Eubacteria
o _________ – corresponds to the kingdom Archaebacteria
Kingdoms
 (Eubacteria and Archaebacteria) - ____________, with or without peptidoglycan in ______________
 Protista – Eukaryotes, _________, not fungi, plants, or animals
 Fungi – Eukaryotes, multicellular (except yeasts), heterotrophic, chitin in cell walls
 Plantae – Eukaryotes, ____________, autotrophic, cell wall containing cellulose
 Animalia – Eukaryotes, multicellular, heterotrophic, no cell wall
The Kingdom Eubacteria
 Common name: _____________
 Unicellular prokaryotes
 _____________ in cell wall
 Ecologically diverse
 Basic shapes are cocci, bacilli, spirilla
 Reproduce both ________ and __________
The Kingdom Archaebacteria
 Cell wall does not contain peptidogylcan
 Cell membrane contains _______________ not found in other organisms
 Live in __________ environments (devoid of oxygen):
o volcanic hot springs
o brine pools
o black organic mud
The Kingdom Protista
 A classification problem – consists of organisms that cannot be classified as _______, _______, or
___________
 Most unicellular, some colonial and some multicellular
 ___________ and ____________
 Some move with flagella, pseudopods or cilia
 Animal-like, plant-like and fungus-like groups
 Reproduce by ________ and _________
The Kingdom __________

3




Most feed on ________________________________ by secreting digestive enzymes into their food source
then absorbing it into their bodies
Cell walls of ____________
Most multicellular; some unicellular
___________________
The Kingdom Plantae
 ________________
 Nonmotile – cannot move from place to place
 Cell wall with cellulose
 Mostly photosynthetic ____________
Kingdom Animalia
 Multicellular
 Heterotrophic
 No __________ or ____________
 Incredibly diversity
Hierarchical System of Classification
 ______________________________________________
How many Kingdoms? ____________
•
Ectotherm, Any so-called ______________ ____________ animal; that is, any animal whose regulation of
body temperature depends on external sources, such as sunlight or a heated rock surface. The ectotherms
include the fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and invertebrates.
•
Endotherm, so-called _____________ __________ animals; that is, those that maintain a constant body
temperature independent of the environment. The endotherms primarily include the birds and mammals.
4
5
6