AP Biology Chapter 7 Assignment
After reading this chapter and attending lecture, you should be able to:
1. Describe techniques used to study cell structure and function.
2. Distinguish between magnification and resolving power.
3. Describe the principles, advantages and limitations of the light microscope,
transmission electron microscope and the scanning electron microscope.
4. Describe the major steps of cell fractionation and explain why it is a useful technique.
5. Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
6. Explain why there are both upper and lower limits to cell size.
7. Explain why compartmentalization is important in eukaryotic cells.
8. Describe the structure and function of the nucleus, and briefly explain how the
nucleus controls protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.
9. Describe the structure and function of a eukaryotic ribosome.
10. List the components of the endomembrane system, describe their structures and
functions and summarize the relationships among them.
11. Explain how impaired lysosomal function causes the symptoms of storage diseases.
12. Describe the types of vacuoles and explain how their functions differ.
13. Explain the role of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells.
14. Describe the structure of a mitochondrion and explain the importance of
compartmentalization in mitochondrial function.
15. Distinguish among amyloplast, chromoplast and chloroplast.
16. Identify the three functional compartments of a chloroplast, and explain the
importance of compartmentalization in chloroplast function.
17. Describe probable functions of the cytoskeleton.
18. Describe the structure and functions of microtubules, microfilaments, and
intermediate filaments.
19. Explain how the ultrastructure of cilia and flagella relates to their function.
20. Describe the structure and list some functions of the extracellular matrix in animal
cells.
21. Describe the structure of intercellular junctions found in plant and animal cells, and
relate their structure to function.
Define the following terms:
Magnification
resolving power
light microscope
SEM
Golgi apparatus
cis face
cell wall
primary cell wall
secondary cell wall
extracellular matrix
plastid
amyloplast
gap junctions
tubulin
thylakoid
thylakoid space
cell fractionation
cytoplasm
cytosol
nucleus
dynein
actin
chromoplast
chloroplast
cytoplasmic
trans face
lysosomes
phagocytosis
macrophages
food vacuole
vesicles
centrosome
myosin
basal body
TEM
grana
stroma
cytoskeleton
microtubules
collagen
microfilaments
nuclear envelope
intermediate filaments
proteoglycan
motor molecule
fibronectin
centriole
integrin
plasmodesmata
mitochondria
ribosome
intermembrane space
endomembrane system mitochondrial matrix
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
contractile vacuole
central vacuole
chromosome
nucleolus
flagella
smooth ER
rough ER
cilia
chromatin
tonoplast
peroxisome
desmosomes
tight junctions