Answers…
Question 1
p 86 of lab manual or p846 of Moores
Test yourself here..
http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/cn/foramn1.htm
http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/skull/intskul.htm
http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/skull/infskul.htm
c) Foramen Lacerum because it is filled with cartilage and hence no structures pass
through it.
d) A tumour of the pituitary would…
Question 2
Oculomotor III
– General Somatic Efferent to superior, inferior and medial rectus,
inferior oblique and palpebrae superioris muscle.
- General Visceral Efferent to sphincter papillae and ciliary muscle
(i.e. movement of eye, eye lid, constricts pupil and accommodates lens.)
Trochlea IV – General Somatic Efferent – superior oblique (moves eye downwards and
out)
Ophthalmic Nerve V1 – General somatic sensory (sensation to upper face)
Maxillary V2 - General somatic sensory (sensation to middle face)
Abducens VI– General somatic efferent – lateral rectus (abducts eyes)
Clinical Tests
III – Observe diameter of pupils, symmetry, pupil reflex
III and IV – Make horizontal sweeps with a torch, asking them to follow with eyes.
Repeat at chin level, eye level and temple level.
V1 – test touch sensation with sharp and blunt objects
V2– test touch sensation with sharp and blunt objects
VI – Ask patient to follow finger/torch laterally with eye.
http://education.vetmed.vt.edu/Curriculum/VM8094/cranial/clinical.html
3. A. Sphenoparietal
B. Intercavernous
C. Sigmoid
D. Occipital
E. Confluence
F. Basilar
G. Transverse
H. Superior Petrosal
I. Inferior Petrosal
J. Cavernous
K. Superior Sagittal
http://kobiljak.msu.edu/CAI/ANT551/Unit02/Topic02/U2_L2_O2_1.html
6.
1. Epiglottis
2. Hyoid Bone
3. Thyrohyoid membrane
4. Aryepiglottic muscle
5. Thyroepiglottic muscle
6. Thyroid cartilage
7. Oblique part of cricothyroid muscle
8. Cricothyroid joint
9. Trachea
10. Cuniform tubercle
11. Transverse arytenoid muscle
12. Oblique Arytenoids
13. Cricoid cartilage
14. Posterior crico arytenoid muscles
15. Trachea
PICTURE 2
1. Nasal Cavity/Nasal septum
2. Oral Vestibule
3. Tongue…
4. Hyoid bone
5. Epiglottis
6. Laryngeal Inlet
7. Vocal Folds
8. Trachea
9. Thyroid Gland
10. Vomer
11. Pharyngeal opening of Eustachian tube
12. Nasopharynx
13. Palatine Tonsil
14. Palatopharyngeal fold
15. Oesophagus
A. Hard Palate
B. Soft Palate
7.
http://www.neuropat.dote.hu/anastru/test2da.htm
8. Production – produced in choroid plexus of lateral, third and fourth ventricles. Flows
out of brain through Median Aperture (foramen of Magendie) and lateral apertures
(foramina of Luschka). CSF leaves the Meninges at the arachnoid granulations where it
leaks into the superior sagittal sinus.
9.
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
10.
1. Anterior Cerebral A
2. Anterior Communicating
3. d
4. Ophthalmic a
5. Internal carotid
6. Middle cerebral
7. sdgf
8. Posterior Communicating
9. Posterior Cerebral
10. Superior cerebellar
11. Labyrinthine
12. Basilar
13. Ant. Inf Cerebellar
14. Posterior inferior cerebellar
15. Vertebral
16. Posterior meningeal/posterior spinal
17. Anterior spinal
10.
11. Cervical – Large rounded vertebral foramen
Transverse foramina (for vertebral a.)
Short bifid spine
Heart shaped body
12.
Reads the exam paper – Ciliary muscles for lens accommodation CNIII
CNII Optic Nerve
Raises eyebrows – Frontalis muscle CNVII (facial)
Rolls eyes – Superior, Inferior Medial rectus, Inferior oblique, levator Palpebrae
superioris – CNIII
- Lateral Rectus CNVI (Abducens)
- Superior Oblique CNIV (trochlea)
Whistles – Orbicularis Oris – CNVII (Facial)
- Extrinsic muscle of tongue Hypoglossal– CNXII (Hypoglossal)
13. Skin, Connective Tissue, Aponeurosis (Galea aponeurotica), loose connective Tissue
and periosteum
14. 1o curves – thoracic and sacral
2o curves – cervical and lumbar
Lordosis – Intervertebral discs in the lumbar region
Kyphosis – Vertebral body shape in thoracic
Scoliosis – Sideways bendiness
15. Provides a pathway along which infection and bacteria can track.
16.
1st pharyngeal arch – muscles of mastication, mylohyiod, ant. Belly of digastric, tensor
veli palatini and tensor tympani
2nd pharyngeal arch – muscles of facial expression
3rd pharyngeal arch -