SBI3U
Module 2a: Genetics 1; Mitosis to Determining Genotypes
Student Learning Goals
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I can describe what the cell cycle is and what happens in each of its stages
I can name, describe and identify each of the stages of mitosis
I can identify the parts of cells that participate in mitosis and describe their purpose
I can list the differences and similarities between mitosis in plant vs animal cells
I can model the process of mitosis
I can describe the purpose of mitosis and cell division
I can identify the parts of a chromosome
I can name, describe and identify each of the stages of meiosis
I can describe the purpose of meiosis as it relates to sexual reproduction
I can describe the difference between diploid and haploid cells and also identify the
haploid/diploid numbers for a cell or organism
I can describe the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes
I can describe what crossing over is and what value it has
I can model the process of meiosis
I can describe what aneuploidy is and its connection to non-disjunction
I can demonstrate with diagrams how chromosome numbers are affected by nondisjunction and can describe the consequences of abnormal chromosome numbers
for human health, people’s lifestyle, and community programs
I can describe the general experimental procedure used by Gregor Mendel
I can describe the inheritance laws/principles determined by Mendel
I can describe the relationship between the patterns of inheritance and meiosis
I can use a Punnett Square to solve various genetics problems involving one trait
I can describe what probability is and use it in solving genetics problems
I understand and can use the terminology concerning genetics
Expected Assessments
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Test
Written Assignments: Word Problems
Microscope Lab: Mitosis
Quizzes
Work to Be Done
1. Read pg. 120-122. Watch the wiki videos “Mitosis: The Cell Cycle.” Do the
following work:
1.1. Complete the handout “The Cycle Cycle.”
1.2. Why do cells divide? Why is it important for organisms to have cells that do
this?
1.3. Why is it incorrect to say that mitosis is the same as cell division?
1.4. What does mitosis ensure?
2. Watch the wiki videos “Mitosis: Chromosomes.” Do the following:
2.1. Define what a chromosome is.
2.2. Describe how a chromosome forms.
2.3. Draw a labeled diagram of a double-stranded chromosome.
3. Read pg. 122-126. Watch the wiki videos “Mitosis: Mitosis Described.” Read or take
down the note “Mitosis Placemat.” Do the following:
3.1. Create a plastercine model of the stages of mitosis with a partner. Describe the
process step-by-step – identifying key cell parts along the way – to your teacher
without using your notes.
4. Create a Venn Diagram or T-chart that compares/contrasts plant cell mitosis with
animal cell mitosis in terms of what is observable in a microscope. Use the following
content to help you.
4.1. Read or take down the note “Cytokinesis Highlights.”
4.2. Watch the wiki videos “Mitosis: Cytokinesis in Plants vs Animals.”
4.3. Re-examine pg. 122-126.
5. Watch the wiki videos “Mitosis in the Microscope.” Use the pictures from the wiki
for the “Mitosis Lab” and from pg. 127 to do the following:
5.1. Grab a slide for Onion Root Tips and examine it near or just above the tip.
5.2. Identify the stages interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
5.3. Draw a properly labeled diagram for each of the stages above.
5.4. Calculate the length of an onion root tip cell at high or medium power.
5.5. Create a lab report that has all your drawings and calculations on it.
6. Watch the wiki videos “Meiosis: Sexual Reproduction” and “Meiosis: Haploid and
Diploid.” Read pg. 131-132. Read or take down the first page of the note “Meiosis.”
Do the following work:
6.1. What essential role does meiosis play in order for sexual reproduction to be
successful?
6.2. What is the difference between a haploid cell and a diploid cell?
6.3. If an organism has 58 chromosomes, what is its haploid and diploid numbers?
How many pairs of chromosomes does it have? How many chromosomes in its
gametes (sperm and eggs)?
7. Read pg. 132-135 and watch the wiki videos “Meiosis vs Mitosis.” Answer the
following questions:
7.1. What is the essential difference between meiosis 1 and mitosis?
7.2. What is similar between meiosis 2 and mitosis?
8. Take down or read the remainder of the notes on “Meiosis.” Watch the wiki videos
“Meiosis Described.” Do the following:
8.1. What is the difference between an autosome and a sex chromosome?
8.2. What is the relationship between the terms homologous pair and tetrad?
8.3. Where do the chromosomes in a homologous pair come from?
8.4. What is separated through the process of meiosis 1?
8.5. What is separated through the process of meiosis 2?
8.6. Create a plastercine model of the stages of meiosis with a partner. Describe the
process step-by-step – identifying key cell parts along the way – to your teacher
without using your notes.
8.7. Do the handout “Discovering Biology – Chromosome Number Worksheet”
9. Re-examine pg. 134-135 (particularly the figure on crossing over) and read pg. 136.
Watch the wiki videos “Meiosis: Crossing Over.” Do the following:
9.1. What is crossing over?
9.2. What chromosomes participate in crossing over?
9.3. What value does crossing over have for an organism?
10.Read pg. 139-141 and watch the wiki videos “Nondisjunction and Aneuploidy.” Take
down or read the note “Disorders Caused by Chromosome # Anomalies.” Do the
following:
10.1. What is the relationship between aneuploidy and nondisjunction?
10.2. Do the handout “Mistakes in Meiosis”
11.Do some research on the following genetic disorders: Cri-du-Chat, Fragile-X, Down’s
Syndrome, Klinefelter’s, Turners Syndrome, Patau Syndrome, Edwards Syndrome.
Do the following questions:
11.1. What is common about the causes of these disorders?
11.2. What is common about the symptoms of these disorders?
11.3. What is common about the cures for these disorders?
12.Read or take down the note “Mendelian Genetics” and watch the wiki videos “Gregor
Mendel.” Answer the following question:
12.1. What is the relationship between the P, F1, and F2 generations
13.Read or take down the note “Law of Segregation” and watch the wiki videos “Law of
Segregation.” Answer the following questions:
13.1. Typically, how many variations of a trait determine characteristics for an
organism?
13.2. How are traits separated and passed on individually to the next generation? In
other words, what is the relationship between meiosis and the inheritance of
traits?
14.Read or take down the note “Punnett Squares” and watch the wiki videos “Punnett
Squares.” Answer the following questions:
14.1. Look up the terms genotype and phenotype. Define them. What is the
relationship between them?
14.2. What is represented on the top and side of a Punnett Square?
14.3. What is represented in the squares of the Punnett Square?
14.4. How does one determine the probability of something from the Punnett Square?
15.Read or take down the note “One Trait” and watch the wiki videos “One Trait Crosses
(Monohybrid) and Law of Dominance.” Do the following:
15.1. What is the relationship between a gene and an allele?
15.2. Why is the inheritance of a trait according to the Principle of Dominance not
like mixing paint?
15.3. Do Q1-5 from the handout “Monohybrid Crosses”
16.Read or take down the note “Probability” and watch the wiki videos “Probability.” Do
the following:
16.1. Do Q6-12, 14-16, 18 from the handout “Monohybrid Crosses”
17.Complete your written assignment by answering Q13 + 17 from the handout
“Monohybrid Crosses”
18.Read or take down the note “Determining Genotypes.” Do the following:
18.1. What is the advantage of using a homozygous recessive individual to do a test
cross as opposed to a heterozygous or homozygous dominant? (Hint: remember
you can’t see the genes in the lab but only the whole organism you are working
with.)