Vanessa Richmond
September 8 th
, 2011
LP3 CHILD DEVELOPMENT THEORIES SCAVENGER HUNT
Instructions: Through this activity you will review what you have learned about the theories of child development and the people who developed those theories. You are to look for the theory or theorist associated with each of the descriptions listed in the Scavenger Hunt. The same theory/theorist may be used more than once. Use the information provided in the web links in the learning plan, as well as the reading in Chapter 1 of the text. Each item answered correctly is worth 2 points.
Scavenger Hunt Items: Score
Place the name of the theory or theorist below the description
1.
Name the theorist who describes development from a psychosexual perspective, and describes personality as comprising three parts – the id, ego and superego?
Sigmund Freud
2.
Name one of the theorists who launched the normative approach, which measures of behavior are taken on large numbers of children and age-related
Gesell averages are computed to represent typical development.
3.Name the theory that includes eight stages of development. Each stage is characterized by a different conflict that must be resolved by the individual. When the environment makes new demands on people, the conflicts arise.
Erikson
3.
What theory identifies four developmental stages and the processes by which children progress through them? The four stages are: (1) Sensorimotor stage,(2)
Pre-oprational stage, (3) Concrete operations and (4) Formal operations.
Zone of Proximal Development Theory
5. Name the theorist who proved his theory of classical conditioning using hungry dogs?
Ivan Pavlov
6. What theorist describes how children learn to adapt through the twin processes of assimilation and accommodation in order to achieve a state of equilibrium?
Piaget
7. Traditional behaviorist who believed that adults can mold children’s behavior by carefully controlling stimulus-response associations.
Ivan Pavlov
8. What theory describes the mind as a symbol-manipulating system through which information flows?
“Stage Theory”
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9. What theorist views the child as developing within a complex system of relationships at different levels from microsystem to mesosystem to exosystem to macrosystem?
Bronfenbrenner
10. What pediatrician developed educational programs based on a philosophy that emphasizes children’s natural curiosity and self-directed involvement in learning experiences?
Marie Montessori
11. What theorist might give this example: An infant will develop a sense of trust only if the parent or caregiver is responsive and consistent with the basic needs being meet.
The need for care and food must be met with comforting regularity. The infant must first form a trusting relationship with the parent or caregiver, otherwise a sense of mistrust will develop. Babies who are not securely attached to their mothers are less cooperative and more aggressive in their interactions with their mothers. As they grow older, they become less competent and sympathetic with peers. They also explore their environment with less enthusiasm and persistence.
Erikson
12. What theorist emphasizes the importance of observing and modeling the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others? Most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action.
Bandura
13. Identify the theorist who viewed cognitive development as a socially mediated process whereby culture and knowledge are transmitted to children by adults through social interaction. Learning occurs within the zone of proximal development – the range of skill that the child could not perform alone, but can master with the guidance of adults or more skilled peers. piaget
14. This theorist described a hierarchy of “essential needs” that each child must have met in order to develop optimally.
Abraham Maslow
15. B.F. Skinner developed this form of behaviorism which uses reinforcement and punishment to increase or decrease behaviors.
Nurture or Enviromental approach
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