Chapter 5: Tissues
Chapter 5: Tissues
I. Introduction
A. Introduction
1. Cells are organized into ____________________________________________
2. Usually tissues are separated by _____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. The four major types of tissues of the human body are ____________________
__________________________________________________________________
II. Epithelial Tissues
A. General Characteristics
1. Epithelium covers ____________________, forms ______________________ and lines __________________________________________________________
2. Epithelial tissue always has a free ____________________________________
3. The underside of epithelial tissue is anchored by ________________________ to connective tissue.
4. Epithelial tissue lacks ______________________________________________
5. Because epithelial tissue cells __________________ , it’s injuries heal rapidly.
6. Epithelial cells are _________________________________________ packed, with little __________________________________________________ material.
7. In many places, _________________________ attach epithelial cells together.
8. Epithelial cell functions include ______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
9. Epithelial tissues are classified according to ____________________________
__________________________________________________________________
10. Squamous cells are ________________, cuboidal cells are ______________ , and columnar cells are _______________________________________________
11. Epithelial tissues with single layers of cells are _________________________ and those with two or more cell layers are ________________________________
5-1

B. Simple Squamous Epithelium
1. Simple squamous epithelium consists of _______________________________
2. Substances pass ___________________ through simple squamous epithelium.
3. Examples of places you find simple squamous epithelium are ______________
__________________________________________________________________
C. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
1. Simple cuboidal epithelium consists of ________________________________
2. Simple cuboidal epithelium is located _________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
D. Simple Columnar Epithelium
1. Simple columnar epithelium is composed of ____________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. The cells of simple columnar can be _________________ or ______________
3. Cilia extend from __________________ and move ______________________
4. Cilia aid in ______________________________________________________
5. Nonciliated simple columnar epithelium lines the________________________
__________________________________________________________________
6. The cells of simple columnar can secrete ______________________________ and absorb _________________________________________________________
7. Microvilli are ____________________________________________________
8. Microvilli function to ______________________________________________
9. Goblet cells are ________________________ and secrete_________________
E. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
1. The cells of pseudostratified columnar epithelium appear ________________ , but they are not.
2. The cells of pseudostratified columnar epithelium are fringed with __________
3. __________________________________ scattered throughout secrete mucus.
4. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is located _________________________
__________________________________________________________________
F. Stratified Squamous Epithelium
1. Stratified epithelium is named for ____________________________________
5-2

2. Cells nearest the free surface of stratified squamous are __________________ , while cells in the deeper layers are ______________________________________
3. Stratified squamous that accumulates keratin is located ___________________
4. Keratin is _______________________________________________________
5. Keratinization produces ____________________________________________
6. Stratified squamous epithelium that does not accumulate keratin is located____
__________________________________________________________________
G. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
1. Stratified cuboidal epithelium consists of ______________________________
2. Stratified cuboidal epithelium is located _______________________________
__________________________________________________________________
H. Stratified Columnar Epithelium
1. Stratified columnar epithelium consists of _____________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. Stratified columnar epithelium is located ______________________________
__________________________________________________________________
I. Transitional Epithelium
1. Transitional epithelium is specialized to _______________________________
2. Transitional epithelium forms the lining of _____________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. When the wall of the bladder contracts, the transitional epithelium consists of
__________________________________________________________________
4. When the wall of the bladder is distended, the transitional epithelium ________
__________________________________________________________________
5-3

III. Connective Tissues
A. General Characteristics
1. Connective tissues function to _______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. Matrix of connective tissue is _______________________________________
3. Matrix consists of _________________________________________________
4. Connective tissues have varying degrees of ____________________________
B. Major Cell Types
1. Examples of fixed cells are _________________________________________
2. An example of a wandering cell is ____________________________________
3. _______________ is the most common kind of fixed cell in connective tissues.
4. Fibroblasts produce _______________________________________________
5. Macrophages originate as __________________________________________
6. Macrophages are specialized to carry out ______________________________
7. Mast cells are usually located near ___________________________________
8. Heparin functions to _______________________________________________
9. Histamine functions to _____________________________________________
C. Connective Tissue Fibers
1. The three types of fibers produced by fibroblasts are _____________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. Collagenous fibers are _____________________________________________
3. Collagenous fibers have _____________________________________ strength.
4. Collagenous fibers are important components of ________________________
__________________________________________________________________
5. Dense connective tissue contains abundant _____________________________
6. Loose connective tissue has sparse ___________________________________
7. Elastic fibers are composed of _______________________________________
8. Elastic fibers are common in body parts that ____________________________
9. Examples of places you find elastic fibers are ___________________________
__________________________________________________________________
10. Reticular fibers are very thin _______________________________________
5-4

11. They are _______________________ and form ________________________
__________________________________________________________________
D. Categories of Connective Tissues
1. The three categories of connective tissues are ___________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. Connective tissue proper includes ____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. Fluid connective tissue and supporting connective tissue includes ___________
__________________________________________________________________
E. Loose Connective Tissue
1. Loose connective tissue is located ____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. Most cells of loose connective tissue are _______________________________
3. Loose connective tissue functions to __________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
F. Adipose Tissue
1. Adipocytes are ___________________________________________________
2. Adipose tissue is located ___________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. Adipose tissue functions to _________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
G. Reticular Connective Tissue
1. Reticular connective tissue is composed of _____________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. Reticular connective tissue supports __________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
H. Dense Connective Tissue
1. Dense connective tissue consists of ___________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. Dense connective tissue binds _______________________________________
5-5

I. Elastic Connective Tissue
1. Elastic connective tissue consists of __________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2. Elastic connective tissue is located ___________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
J. Cartilage
1. Cartilage cells are called __________________________________________ .
2. Cartilage provides ________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. Cartilage matrix is composed of _____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
4. Cartilage cells are called ___________________________________________
5. Cartilage lacks ___________________________________________________
6. Three types of cartilage are _________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
7. The most common type of cartilage is _________________________________
8. Hyaline cartilage has ___________________________________ in its matrix.
9. Hyaline cartilage is located _________________________________________
10. Elastic cartilage has ___________________________________ in its matrix.
11. Elastic cartilage is located _________________________________________
12. Fibrocartilage has _____________________________________ in its matrix.
13. Fibrocartilage is located ___________________________________________
K. Bone
1. Bone is the most ___________________________________ connective tissue.
2. The hardness of bone is due to _______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. Bone functions to _________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
4. Bone cells are ____________________________________________________
5-6

L. Blood
1. Blood is composed of______________________________________________
2. Plasma is _______________________________________________________
3. Cell types of blood are _____________________________________________
4. Red blood cells function to _________________________________________
5. White blood cells function to ________________________________________
6. Platelets function to _______________________________________________
5-7

IV. Muscle Tissues
A. General Characteristics
1. Cells in muscle tissues are called _____________________________________ due to their ________________________________________________________
2. Muscle tissues are ________________ , meaning they can shorten and thicken.
3. The three types of muscle tissue are __________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
B. Skeletal Muscle Tissue
1. Skeletal muscle tissue forms ________________________________________
2. Skeletal muscle tissue is under conscious control and is therefore called ______
__________________________________________________________________
3. Striations of skeletal muscle tissue are ________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
4. Skeletal muscle tissue functions to ___________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
C. Smooth Muscle Tissue
1. Smooth muscle tissue is called smooth because _________________________
2. Smooth muscle tissue is located _____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. Smooth muscle is involuntary because ________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
D. Cardiac Muscle Tissue
1. Cardiac muscle tissue is located _____________________________________
2. An intercalated disc is _____________________________________________
3. Like skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is ________________________________
4. Like smooth muscle, cardiac muscle is ________________________________
V. Nervous Tissues
A. Nervous tissues are found ________________________________________________
B. The basic cells of nervous tissue are ________________________________________
C. In addition to neurons, nervous tissue also includes ____________________________
5-8

VI. Types of Membranes
A. Epithelial membranes are composed of _____________________________________
B. Three types of epithelial membranes are _____________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
C. Serous membranes line __________________________________________________ and secrete __________________________________________________________ fluid.
D. Mucous membranes line _________________________________________________ and secrete _______________________________________________________________
E. The cutaneous membrane is also called _____________________________________
5-9