Sharp
Chapter 41: Animal Nutrition
Overview: The Need to Feed- heterotrophs, herbivores, autotrophs, carnivores,
omnivores, fuel, organic raw materials, essential nutrients, suspension feeders, substrate
feeders, fluid feeders, bulk feeders
41.1 Homeostatic mechanisms manage an animal’s energy budget
 Intro- oxidation of energy rich molecules, carbohydrates, proteins, fats
 Glucose Regulation as an Example of Homeostasis- glycogen, fat,
adipose, glucose
 Caloric Imbalance- caloric imbalance, undernourishment,
overnourishment, World Health Organization, obesity, leptin, fat hoarding
Concept Check- 1,2,3
41.2 An animals diet must supply carbon skeletons and essential nutrients
 Intro- carbon skeletons, essential nutrients, osteophagia
 Essential Amino Acids- 20 amino acids, essential amino acids, edema
 Vitamins- vitamins
 Minerals- minerals
Concept Check- 1,2,3
41.3 The main stages of food processing are ingestion, digestion, absorption, and
elimination
 Intro- ingestion, digestion, enzymatic hydrolysis, absorption, elimination
 Digestive Compartments- intercellular digestion, extracellular digestion,
gastrovascular cavity, mouth, anus, complete digestive tract, alimentary
canal,
Concept Check- 1,2
41.4 Each organ of the mammalian digestive system has specialized food-processing
functions
 Intro- accessory glands, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder
 The Oral Cavity, Pharynx, and Esophagus- oral cavity, saliva, salivary
amylase, bolus, pharynx, esophagus, trachea, peristalsis
 The Stomach- gastric juice, hydrochloric acid, pepsin, pepsinogen, acid
chyme, pyloric sphincter
 The Small Intestine- small intestine, duodenum, bicarbonate,
carbohydrate digestion, pancreatic amylases, disaccharides, protein
digestion, pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, pancreatic carboxypeptidase,
dipeptidases, carboxypeptidases, aminopeptidase, pancreatic nucleases,
nucleotidases, nucleosidases, phosphatases, bile salts, pancreatic lipase
villi, microvilli, lacteal, simple diffusion
 The Large Intestine- large intestine, colon, cecum, appendix, rectum
Concept Check- 1,2,3,4,5
Sharp
41.5 Evolutionary adaptations of vertebrate digestive systems are often associated with
diet
 Some Dental Adaptations- dentition, incisors, canines, premolars, molars
 Stomach and Intestinal Adaptations- herbivores generally have longer
alimentary canals
 Symbiotic Adaptations- fermentation chambers, symbiotic
microorganisms, cellulose, ruminants
Concept Check- 1,2,3
Testing Your Knowledge 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10