1.
Stanley Hall's belief is that
A) adolescence is a time of storm and stress.
B) development is primarily biologically controlled.
C) environmental influences play a small role in the development of young children.
D) adolescents are moody.
E) All the above are correct.
Answer: E
2.
22.
According to Mead, adolescents living in a culture where they may observe
sexual relations, regard death as natural, and know their adult roles are most likely to
experience a _____________ adolescence.
A) confused
B) difficult
C) moderately stressed
D) highly stressed
E) stress-free
Answer: E
3.
Based on Margaret Mead's studies of adolescents on the island of Samoa, she concluded
that the basic nature of adolescence is
A) biological.
B) cognitive developmental.
C) emotional.
D) evolutionary.
E) sociocultural.
Answer: E
4.
Which of the following statements about puberty is FALSE?
A) Heredity is an important factor in puberty.
B) Environmental factors can influence the onset of puberty.
C) Puberty takes place between ages 9 and 16 for most individuals.
D) Puberty ends before adolescence.
E) Puberty and adolescence are the same thing.
Answer: E
5.
Which of the following statements about hormonal changes during adolescence is TRUE?
A) Adrenarche occurs about 2 years before gonadarche.
B) Gonadarche occurs earlier in non-Latino white girls than in African American girls.
C) Adrenarche occurs from about 9 to 12 years of age.
D) The pituitary gland secretes androgens in both boys and girls.
E) Gonadotropins are released by the testes and ovaries.
Answer: A
6.
Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is FALSE?
A) Overall, growth hormone is secreted at higher levels during the day than during the
night.
B) The thyroid gland is located in the neck.
C) The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone and hormones to stimulate the gonads.
D) Androgens are secreted by the adrenal glands.
E) Follicle-stimulating hormone affects the gonads of both males and females.
7.
Answer: A
Ramad has just begun his growth spurt. If he is like the average boy, he is most likely ____
years old.
A) 8
B) 9
C) 11
D) 12
E) 14
Answer: C
8.
Ben, age 20 months, uses spoons, blocks and toys to bang on the table. Piaget would say
that Ben has developed a(n) _________ that these objects are for banging and creating
noise.
A) schema
B) assimilation.
C) accommodation.
D) reflex
E) sensorimotor thought.
Answer: A
9.
Josh went with his youth group to a developing country to volunteer for a month. When he
returned from his trip, he had altered many of his ideas about social change and politics.
What Piagetian process was at work?
A) assimilation
B) accommodation
C) equilibrium
D) concrete operational thought
E) conservation
Answer: B
10.
Which of the following LEAST exemplifies the process of assimilation?
A) deciding that you can't use your high school study techniques in college
B) using your years of badminton experience to help you play tennis
C) realizing that deep-frying onions is about the same as deep-frying potatoes
D) relying on your skill at taking care of your younger brother to help you baby-sit the
neighbor's child
E) knowing that you can't run faster than your friend after losing to him the last six times
you raced
Answer: A
11.
What Piagetian term refers to the ability to understand that substances do NOT change
through transformations that simply alter their appearance?
A) equilibrium
B) equilibration
C) conservation
D) classification
E) disequilibrium
Answer: C
12.
Piaget and Vygotsky differ in
A) the importance they give to constructivism.
B) the importance they give to social influences.
C) whether they view the teacher as a facilitator or a director.
D) how much they believe children should explore and discover information.
E) All the above are correct.
Answer: B
13.
In Gardner's theory of eight frames of mind, he proposes that the different intelligences
A) can be destroyed by brain damage.
B) can appear in unusual ways in gifted individuals.
C) have appeared in some mentally retarded individuals as exceptional talents.
D) involve unique cognitive skills.
E) have all of these characteristics.
Answer: E
14.
Chris is particularly adept with people and is very handy with home repairs. According to
Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, Chris has
A) analytical intelligence.
B) creative intelligence.
C) general intelligence.
D) practical intelligence.
E) specific intelligence.
Answer: D
15.
Shakena, age 15, has just had a major disagreement with her best friend. Her mother says,
“I know how you feel. I had some pretty big arguments with my friends at your age.”
According to Elkind, Shakena is likely to
A) feel much better knowing that her mother had a similar experience.
B) believe that her mother is treating her like a child.
C) believe that her mother could not possibly understand her unique experience.
D) believe that her mother is lying.
E) ask her mother for advice on how to mend her relationship with her friend.
Answer: C
16.
Ariane is 14. Her refusal to go to a party because of the zit on her chin best exemplifies
which of the concepts proposed by Elkind?
A) personal fable
B) imaginary audience
C) social cognition
D) personal audience
E) imaginary fable
Answer: B
17.
Shakena, age 15, has just had a major disagreement with her best friend. Her mother says,
“I know how you feel. I had some pretty big arguments with my friends at your age.”
According to Elkind, Shakena is likely to
A) feel much better knowing that her mother had a similar experience.
B) believe that her mother is treating her like a child.
C) believe that her mother could not possibly understand her unique experience.
D) believe that her mother is lying.
E) ask her mother for advice on how to mend her relationship with her friend.
Answer: C
18.
Ariane is 14. Her refusal to go to a party because of the zit on her chin best exemplifies
which of the concepts proposed by Elkind?
A) personal fable
B) imaginary audience
C) social cognition
D) personal audience
E) imaginary fable
Answer: B
19.
Paula has developed a training program to improve the peer relationships of neglected
adolescents. The program likely includes teaching the adolescents how to
A) listen in a friendly way.
B) ask questions to gain peers' attention.
C) appropriately enter groups of peers.
D) talk about themselves in ways that relate to their peers' interests.
E) All the above are correct.
Answer: E
Jill was 11 years old when her parents divorced amicably. Her mother got custody of Jill and
then, 2 years later, got married again. Discuss some of the research findings concerning
divorce and remarriage that may help us understand what effects the divorce and
remarriage may have had on Jill.
Answer: Jill's parents' amicable divorce likely lessened the stress that the divorce could
have produced if the separation had been acrimonious.
Probably the year after the divorce, Jill's mother's parenting skills were
diminished and the family income level declined. Additionally, her mother's
workload most likely increased. Within 2 years, the parenting probably got back
to normal.
Jill's relationship with her noncustodial father has probably been a friendly,
companionate relationship rather than a traditional parent-child relationship. Her
father most likely disciplines her less than when he and her mom were married.
If Jill has an easy temperament and is mature and responsible, she is more likely
to have coped well with the divorce. If not, she is more likely to have had
academic problems, low self-esteem, externalizing and internalizing behaviors,
and early sexual activity.
Jill was in early adolescence when the remarriage occurred, so she may have had
a particularly difficult time adjusting to the remarriage.
If her stepfather is bringing his own children to the marriage, Jill is likely to have
even more adjustment problems.
Initially her stepfather may behave like a "polite stranger," trying not to control
her and instead trying to win her over.
There may be some boundary ambiguity in the new stepfamily, where members
of the family are uncertain about their responsibilities.
20.
Discuss what is meant by "adolescent egocentrism" and explain how it relates to formal
operational thinking, decision making, and critical thinking.
Answer: Adolescent egocentrism occurs when adolescents have heightened selfconsciousness and believe they are unique. The imaginary audience is one aspect
of adolescent egocentrism and is when adolescents believe others are as
interested in them as they are in themselves. This may result in extreme selfconsciousness and in attention-getting behaviors. The personal fable is when
adolescents believe they are special and unique. This results in their believing no
one else knows how they feel and in their thinking that, unlike others, no harm
will come to them.
Adolescent egocentrism is contrary to the idea that adolescents use hypotheticaldeductive reasoning and that their decision-making skills are logical and well
reasoned. It would be very difficult to engage in critical thinking if one is too
self-conscious and believes in personal uniqueness.