Chapter 8 Crossword
Across
5. _____ magnitude a more precise measure of earthquake magnitude than the Richter scale, which is derived from the amount of
displacement that occurs along a fault zone and estimates the energy released by an earthquake
7. the thin, rocky outer layer of Earth
9. the location on Earth’s surface directly above the focus, or origin, of an earthquake
13. the rigid outer layer of Earth, including the crust and upper mantle
15. a small earthquake that follows the main earthquake
16. the Japanese word for a seismic sea wave
17. a small earthquake that often precedes a major earthquake
18. _____ wave: a seismic wave that travels along the surface of Earth
19. Mohorovičić discontinuity; boundary separating the crust from the mantle, detected by increase in the velocity of seismic waves.
Down
1. the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy
2. _____ gap: an area along a fault where there has not been any earthquake activity for a long period of time
3. a fracture in Earth along which movement has occurred
4. an instrument that records earthquake waves
6. _____ core: the solid innermost layer of Earth, about 1220 kilometers in radius
8. weak plastic layer of the mantle situated below the lithosphere; The rock within this zone is easily deformed.
9. _____ rebound hypothesis the explanation stating that when rocks are deformed, they break, releasing the stored energy that results
in the vibrations of an earthquake
10. the point within Earth where an earthquake originates
11. the record made by a seismograph
12. the 2890-kilometer-thick layer of Earth located below the crust
13. a phenomenon, sometimes associated with earthquakes, in which soils and other unconsolidated materials saturated with water are
turned into a liquid that is not able to support buildings
14. earthquake wave that pushes and pulls rocks in the direction of the wave; also known as a compression wave
18. a seismic wave that shakes particles perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling
20. _____ core: a layer beneath the mantle about 2260 kilometers thick; contains liquid iron and generates Earth’s magnetic field.