Name:______________________________________________Period:_____Date:___________
I.
 All __________________is broken down by the body into small molecules through digestion o By the time food reaches your_____________________________, it has been broken down into nutrient molecules that can enter your cells.
 ________________________then break down the food molecules, _______________energy for the biological work your cells need to perform. o ____________________= the ability to do work
 _________________________________________________= energy storing molecule. o Cells STORE energy by bonding a third _________________________________ to
__________(adenosine diphosphate) to form_________. o Cells RELEASE energy when ATP breaks down into __________and ______________!
Energy from food
ENERGY released for cells
1

o Within a cell, ________________________of ATP from ADP and phosphate occurs over and over, ______________________________each time! o Cells use energy for:
 Maintaining _________________________________
 Eliminating __________________________
 Transmitting _____________________(nerve cells)
 Cellular ______________________________(muscle cells) o Without ATP a cell would ___________!
I.
 ________________________________= the process that provides energy for almost all life.
 ___________________= organisms that make their own food o Ex: plants
 Photosynthesis requires: o The________________________, ______________and ___________________ to make ______________________________and _____________________as byproducts.
 The process of PHOTOSYNTHESIS can be summarized by the following equation:
____________________________________________________________________________
_
2

 The energy stored in glucose and other carbohydrates can be used later to produce
________ during the process of_______________________________. o We’ll discuss cellular respiration in more detail very soon!
 The process of photosynthesis does ___________happen all at once; rather it occurs in 2 stages:
1.
STAGE 1 – Called the______________________________.
 _________________________is converted to ____________________
 Takes place –_______________ is captured from __________________in the _______________________of the chloroplasts of plant cells.
 A photosynthetic cell contains one to thousands of chloroplasts!
 ________________is split into hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen (O through the process called the electron transport chain.
2
)
 The __________________________is now converted to__________________________, which is temporarily stored in
__________________________________(energy molecules).
 The _________diffuses out of the chloroplasts (byproduct).
2.
STAGE 2 – Called the _______________________or____________________.
 __________________________ (CO
2
) and the chemical energy stored in
_________ and _______________powers the formation of
_____________________________________(sugars, starch and cellulose).
 Takes place – in the ____________________of a chloroplast
3

Equation:
I.
 ____________________________________= an energy (ATP) releasing process: o PLANTS: sugars (C
6
H
12
O
6
) produced during ____________________________ are broken down so energy is released o ANIMALS: sugars (C
6
H
12
O
6
) produced during _______________________are broken down so energy is released
 Formula: o ___________________________________________________________
 The PRODUCTS of __________________________________  glucose (C
6
H
12
O
6
) and O
2
, are the REACTANTS used in_________________________________ .
 The WASTE PRODUCTS of_____________________________, CO
2
and water, are the REACTANTS used in_____________________________________.
 Processes:
1.
_______________________________________
4

2.
_______________________________________ (Citric Acid Cycle)
3.
_______________________________________ (ETC)
II.
1.
_______________________________= OXYGEN is present
 If OXYGEN is PRESENT, the ______________________of glycolysis ENTER the pathways of aerobic respiration.
 2 major stages: ___________________& __________________________
 Produces large amounts of ATP
2.
___________________________________= No
OXYGEN is present
 aka…._______________________
 _________additional ________is created
AFTER glycolysis produces 2 ATP
~ Note: Both types of respiration BEGIN with_____________________.
III.
1.
GLYCOLYSIS:
 Occurs in the ______________________of the cell
 Starting molecule: ONE molecule of _________________ (__________________)
 Produces: TWO ________________or__________________ (______________)
 ____________ molecules
 Attaches H’s to NAD + (electron carrier) and forms ____________
(_________________________)
2.
KREB’S CYCLE (Citric Acid Cycle) – Aerobic respiration
 _____________________ process (requires oxygen)
 Occurs in the ________________________________
 Starting molecules: __________________and ____________________
5

 Produces: _____________________
, ____________ and __________ molecules
 Attaches H’s to NAD + and FAD to create NADH and FADH
2
(these will be used to make more _________in the________)
3.
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN (ETC) – Aerobic respiration
 ______________ process (requires oxygen)
 Occurs in the _____________________of the ____________________
 Starting molecules: ___________________________and ________________ o Uses the NADH and FADH
2
from the _____________________ and another
NADH from_____________________.
 Produces: _________________and __________________ o FADH
2
and NADH, release H’s so they can attach to ________________and produce ________________ o Energy is released as a result of breaking down these molecules.

 To transfer chemical energy (___________) to a form of energy that is
______________ by cells (__________)!!!
 Total net gain of ATP molecules per 1 glucose =
_________________

 The ____________________of one reaction are the
__________________for the other reaction.
 In an ________________________________, photosynthesis and cellular respiration form a cycle.
CO
2
+ H
2
O
Sunlight
Photosynthesis
(autotrophs)
O
2
+ Glucose
6
Cellular
Respiration
(heterotrophs)

IV.
 Occurs ______________ glycolysis, only if _______ oxygen is present
 ______ additional __________ is created after the 2ATP’s from glycolysis!
 2 Types:
1.
___________________________________:
 Occurs in _______________
 Starting molecules: __________________and ___________(from glycolysis)
 Produces: _____________________and_______________________.
 Bakers use alcoholic fermentation of ______________to make bread.
 Used to make wine and beer
2.
____________________________________:
 Occurs in _______________
 Starting molecules: _____________________and ___________(from glycolysis)
 Produces: ______________________
 Lactic acid fermentation by microorganisms plays an essential role in the manufacturing of food products such as
________________and_____________.

DURING EXERCISE: breathing_________________provide your body with all the oxygen it needs for aerobic respiration. o When muscles run out of __________________, the cells switch to____________________________________! o Provides your ________________with the energy then need during exercise. o Side effects of lactic acid fermentation are___________________,
___________, _______________, and____________________. o Most lactic acid made in the muscles diffuses into the bloodstream, then to the liver; where it is converted back to PYRUVIC ACID
7

when oxygen becomes available.
C E L L U L A R R E S P I I R A T I I O N f f l l o w c h a r t t : :
AEROBIC Respiration
Equation: ______________ + ___________ _____________ + ___________+ ___________
ANAEROBIC Respiration
OR
8

Name:_______________________________________________Period:____Date:___________
Light
(Is it needed?)
Location
(Where does it take place?)
Sources
(What is needed?)
Products
(What is made?)
Role of ATP
(What is energy used for?)
1.
Write the complete chemical equation of photosynthesis?
____________________________________________________________________________
2.
How do these reactions depend on one another to carry out photosynthesis?
3.
If the light reactions stopped, what would happen? How would this affect you?
9

4.
If the dark reactions stopped, what would happen? How would this affect you?
Energy from food
1.
What is energy?
2.
What is one difference between ATP and ADP?
3.
How do cells store energy?
4.
How do cells release energy?
5.
Provide several examples of how cells use energy?
ENERGY released for cells
10

Begins with
Which is broken down during
Produces a net gain of
Which occurs in the
Will be used in the
Such as
Which produces
NO oxygen is present
Anaerobic
Process
Such as
Oxygen is present so it can be used in
Aerobic
Process
Which occurs only in
Which occurs only in
Animals
Which produces
Which produces
11
1

Aerobic
Process
O
2
Starting with the
Which occurs in the
NADH &
FADH
2
Is used in the
Which produces
Which occurs in the
ETC
Which produces
6
12
6
2

2
2
2
12

Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Worksheet
Name:__________________________________________Period:_______
Vocabulary: Match the phrases on the left with the term that best fits. Use answers only one time.
____ 1. Organisms that make their own food A.
Chloroplasts
____2. Site of photosynthesis
____3. Process occurs in a mitochondrion
____4. C
6
H
12
O
6
____5. Process does not require oxygen
____6. Process requires oxygen
B.
C.
D.
E.
Aneorobic
Aerobic
Glucose
ATP
F.
Kreb’s cycle
____7. Adenosine diphosphate
____8. Energy storing molecule
____9. The anaerobic process of splitting glucose and forming two molecules of pyruvic acid
____10. The ability to do work
G.
H.
I.
J.
Glycolysis
Energy
ADP
Autotrophs
Directions: Answer each of the following questions in a clear and concise manner.
1. Compare and discuss how cells store energy and release energy using ATP. Be specific! You may draw the cycle.
2. Compare lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation by describing what pyruvic acid is changed in to. Be sure to include what type of organism each one takes place in.
13

Alcoholic Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
3. Name the three processes of aerobic cellular respiration. How many ATP’s does each process produce, and what is the total ATP produced from one glucose?
3 Processes of Cellular
Respiration:
# ATP produced:
Total ATP per 1 glucose =__________
4. Name the two stages of photosynthesis and list the starting molecule(s) and ending molecule(s) of each.
Stages Starting Molecule(s) Product(s)
5. What is the general chemical equation of photosynthesis?
6. When and why does our body use lactic acid fermentation?
14

7. Explain how the equations for photosynthesis and aerobic respiration compare.
Unit Learning Map (11 days)
-
Mrs. Sim
Class: Biology A: PA standard: 3.3.10: Describe and explain the chemical and structural basis of living organism.
Explain cell functions and processes in terms of chemical reactions and energy changes.
Optional
Instructional Tools:

Photosynthesis spinach
Lab

Fermentation Lab

Pictorial flowchart

Respiration mapping
Concept Concept Concept Concept
Lesson Essential Questions: Lesson Essential Questions: Lesson Essential Questions: Lesson Essential Questions:
Vocabulary:
Energy
ATP
ADP
Vocabulary:
Photosynthesis
Autotroph
Chlorophyll
Light Reactions
Dark Reactions
Stroma
Vocabulary:
Glycolysis
Aerobic
Pyruvic Acid
Kreb Cycle
Citric Acid
ETC
NADH
FADH
Vocabulary:
Anaerobic
Alcoholic Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
15

1) Energy = the ability to do work
2) ATP = (adenosine triphosphate); energy storing molecule
3) ADP = adenosine diphosphate
4) Photosynthesis = the process that provides energy for almost all life
5) Autotroph = organisms that make their own food
6) Chlorophyll = green pigment in chloroplasts that traps sunlight
7) Light Reactions = Light energy is converted to chemical energy; Energy is captured from sunlight in the chlorophyll of the chloroplasts of plant cells.
8) Dark Reactions = (Calvin Cycle); Carbon dioxide (CO
2
) and the chemical energy stored in ATP and
NADPH powers the formation of carbohydrate molecules (sugars, starch and cellulose)
9) Stroma = specific location on a chloroplast where the dark reactions occur
10) Glycolysis = Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell

Starting molecule: ONE molecule of glucose (C
6
H
12
O
6
)

Produces: TWO pyruvic acids or pyruvates (C
3
H
6
O
3
); 2 ATP molecules
 Attaches H’s to NAD + (electron carrier) and forms NADH (high energy molecule)
11) Aerobic = requires oxygen
12) Pyruvic Acid = (pyruvate) C
3
H
6
O
3
13) Kreb Cycle = also called the citric acid cycle

Aerobic process (requires oxygen)

Occurs in the mitochondrion

Starting molecules : 2 pyruvates and oxygen

Produces: NADH and FADH
2,
CO
2 and 2 ATP molecules
14) ETC = Electron Transport Chain

Aerobic process (requires oxygen)

Occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria

Starting molecules: NADH and FADH
2
and oxygen o Uses the NADH and FADH
2

Produces: Water and 32 ATP’s
from the Kreb’s Cycle and another NADH from Glycolysis. o FADH
2
and NADH, release H’s so they can attach to oxygen and produce water
15) NADH & FADH = high energy molecules
16) Anaerobic = no oxygen present
16

17) Alcoholic Fermentation = Occurs in plants

Starting molecules: 2 pyruvates and NADH (from glycolysis)

Produces: ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Bakers use alcoholic fermentation of YEAST to make bread.

Used to make wine and beer
18) Lactic Acid Fermentation = Occurs in animals

Starting molecules: 2 pyruvates and NADH (from glycolysis)

Produces: lactic acid

Lactic acid fermentation by microorganisms plays an essential role in the manufacturing of food products such as yogurt and cheese.
17