European History – Unit 4b Study Guide
18th Century France:
Revolution and Enlightenment – The death of Absolutism and rise of the Modern World
PP. 195-200, 202, 217-237
The following are items with which you should be familiar and about which you should be able to speak
intelligently in order to succeed on the forthcoming test. Study them well as you prepare; look them up if you
are unsure; ask if you cannot find out.
The Enlightenment – 1650s-1700s
4 Main points about the Enlightenment (in sum)
3 obstacles to the “light” before the Enlightenment
Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot → Main ideas and works
The French Revolution – Late 18th century (1789-1815)
Estates-General: 1614-1789 – why now?
3 Estates – size and makeup of each
Tennis Court Oath – by whom and why?
Storming of the Bastille
Causes of the Revolution
Declaration of the Rights of Man (Enlightenment enshrined)
Limited Constitutional Monarchy
Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette
Freemasonry and Jacobin Club
National Convention – Mountain, Girond, Plain
Reign of Terror
Committee of Public Safety
Three internal obstacles to the success of the Revolution – King, Church, conservatives (Girond)
Sans-Culottes
Coup d’etat
Christianity vs. Goddess Reason, 10 day calendar Civil Constitution of the Clergy
Four stages of revolution
Characteristics of radical stage vs. stage one
Maximillien Robespierre
Jean Paul Marat
Levee en Masse
Conscription (draft)
Promotion by Merit
De-Christianization
The Directory
Universal male suffrage
Napoleon:
Continental System
Battle of Trafalgar, Invasion of Russia, Waterloo
Napoleonic Code
Nationalism
Also,
Be able to explain how the Enlightenment and conditions in France conspired to create the French Revolution.
Be able to indicate the contributions of the Enlightenment to America’s DOI and France’s DORM.
Be able to compare and contrast aspects of the English Civil War and the French Revolution.
Be able to contrast basic ideas of Jean Domat and John Locke.