AP ATOMS TO CELLS TEST REVIEW
Chapter
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chemical Foundations for Cells
Carbon Compounds in Cells
Cell Structure and Function
A Closer Look at Cell Membranes
Ground Rules for Metabolism
Objectives
1. You should elementary understanding the standard theory of the fundamental
particles that make up the universe.
2. You should understand the basic format of the periodic table, as well as be
able to use it to determine characteristics of atoms.
3. You should understand the reasons that atoms form chemical bonds and
familiar with the various types of bonding between atoms.
4. You should be familiar with the many important characteristics of water in
living systems and understand how most of its characteristics are derived
from its polar nature.
5. You should be familiar with various other chemical topics including isotopes,
acids, bases, and salts, and how each is important in living systems.
6. You should be familiar with the structure of a carbon atom and how it structure
is associated with the diverse classes of organic molecules.
7. You should be familiar the four classes of organic molecules, including the
constituent molecule from with larger polymers are composed, and the
structure and function of specific molecules in each class that are important to
the cell.
8. You should be familiar with the function of cells, and be able to relate the
supportive role that the various organelles play in cell function.
9. You should be familiar with the structure and function of a specific cell in the
human body and be able to relate details regarding it shape and constituent
organelles.
10. You should be knowledgeable of the various manners by which substances
travel through the cell membrane, including the specific substances that are
transported and specific situation in which such transport mechanism are
important in living organisms.
11. You should be familiar with the characteristics and function of enzymes and
how there function relates to their three dimensional quaternary structure.
Vocabulary
Chapter 2
elements
neutrons
subatomic mass
ions
compounds
atoms
atomic mass
isotopes
shell model
mixture
protons
atomic number
radioactive isotopes
chemical bond
ionic bonding
electrons
subatomic charge
tracer
molecule
covalent bonding
hydrogen bonding
temperature
cohesion
hydroxide ions
buffer system
water
polar
solvent
pH scale
salts
hydrophilic
electronegative
solute
acids
hydrophobic
electropositive
hydrogen ions
bases
Chapter 3
organic compounds
hydroxyl group
amino group
hydrolysis
polysaccharides
fats
sterols
amino group
primary structure
sheets
nucleotides
inorganic comp.
aldehyde group
phosphate group
carbohydrates
cellulose
fatty acid
waxes
carboxyl group
secondary structure
denature
DNA
carbon bonds
ketone group
dehydration syn.
monosaccharides
chitin
triglycerides
proteins
R-group
tertiary structure
enzymes
RNA
functional groups
carboxyl group
condensation
disaccharides
lipids
phospholipids
amino acids
polypeptide chain
helix
nucleic acids
Chapter 4
cell theory
Brown
plasma membrane
prokaryotic
surface area
nucleus
mitochondria
cytoskeleton
intermediate filamts.
centriole
Galileo
Schwann
cytoplasm
lipid bilayer
volume
endoplasmic retic.
chloroplast
cytomembrane sys.
pseudopods
9+2 array
Hooke
Schleiden
ribosomes
fluid mosaic model
microscopes
golgi body
vacuole
microtubules
flagellum
Leeuwenhoek
Virchow
eukaryotic
cell size
organelle
vesicles
cell wall
microfilaments
cilium
Chapter 5
phagocytosis
active transport
hypotonic
endocytosis
concentration grad.
osmosis
isotonic
diffusion
tonicity
fluid pressure
passive transport
hypertonic
exocytosis
Chapter 6
enzymes
induced-fit model
activation energy
active sites
substrate
quarks
bottom
baryons
graviton
strong force
big bang
Lewis dot diagram
up
charm
hadrons
gravity
weak force
accelerators
structural stability
down
strange
electrons
photon
boson
telescopes
electrical stability
Other
fundamental
top
leptons
force carrier part.
electromagnetic f.
z-particle
Bohr diagram