Thea De Guzman
Christina Santiago
Period 12
The Thirteen Colonies and the British Empires, 160-1750
Vocabulary Chapter 2
1. Corporate colonies- a charter, operated by joint-stock companies
2. Royal colonies - a charter, to be under the direct authority and rule of the King’s
government
3. Propriety colonies- a charter, to be under authority and rule of individuals granted
charters of ownership by the king.
4. Chesapeake colonies- King Charles charted a new colony in the area where the
Virginia colony had been. The colony first had an unhealthy climate and high death
rate from diseases and Indian attacks.
5. George calvert, Lord Baltimore- He received an award to control the Chesapeake Bay
from giving service to the King. King Charles gave him the authority to control the
colony of Maryland so Calvert can fulfill the King’s policies and wishes. His plan
was to give his colony wealth and places for his Catholics but he died before he can
do what he wanted.
6. Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore- the son of George Calvert, he became the second Lord
Baltimore after his father died and his mission was to fulfill his father’s plan.
7. Act of Toleration (1649)- It is the first colonial statue granting religious freedom to
all Christians. It is to stop persecutions of their Puritan enemies.
8. Virginia- One of the first English colonies, they had several complications such as the
rebellion against colonial government, economic problems like the Tobacco industry,
diseases and Indian attacks.
9. Sir William Berkeley- the royal governor of Virginia, adopted policies that favored
large planters and used dictational powers to govern on their behalf. But he failed to
protect their settlements from Indian attacks.
10. Bacon’s Rebellion- a rebellion against Berkeley’s government, he lead an army that
massacred the Indian villages on the Virginia frontier. They defeated Berkeley’s
forces and burned the Jamestown settlement. He highlighted the two disputes, which
are the differences between wealthy planters and landless or poor farmers, and the
second is the colonial resistance to royal control.
11. Indentured servant- They were young people from British Isles that agreed to work
for a master or a landowner to gain their freedom and work for wages or have a land
of their own but they must complete their work for 4-7 years of being a servant.
12. Headright system- it was a method to attract immigrants. The person receives 50
acres of land from Virginia if the immigrant paid for his own passage and any
plantation owner who paid for an immigrant’s passage.
13. Slavery- In 1619, a Dutch trader operated the slave ship that carried the first Africans
to go to Virginia. At first, they were treated like the white servants. The Africans
were to work on the sugar plantations but in 1660s, the Virginia House of Burgesses
discriminated between the blacks and white. In the law, they Blacks and the offspring
were to be treated as lifelong slaves but the white workers will still have the same
method as before.
14. Roger Williams- He was a Puritan minister in Boston who believed that a person’s
conscience should not be controlled by any civil or church authority. His beliefs and
teachings led to a point where the Puritan leaders turned against him and he was
removed from the Bay colony. He and his followers then found the settlement of
Providence. He was one of the first founders of Baptist churches in America.
15. Providence- In 1636, the colony in Providence was founded by Williams and his
followers. They paid the Native Americans for their land and they gave Catholics,
Quakers and Jews the ability to worship freely.
16. Anne Hutchinson- A woman who questioned the doctrines of Puritan authorities, she
believed in antinomianism. She was also removed from the Bay colony along with a
group of followers but then they found the colony of Portsmouth.
17. Antinomianism- that salvation is not about the deeds but the faith.
18. Rhode Island- In 1644, William received a charter to put Providence and Portsmouth
into one colony, which is called Rhode Island. This colony gave religious freedom, it
served as a refuge for people of various faith.
19. Thomas Hooker- He was a reverend who led Boston Puritans into the valley and
founded the colony of Hartford.
20. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)- the first written constitution in American
history. It established a representative government consisting of a legislature elected
by a popular vote and a governor chosen by that legislature.
21. John Davenport- He started a second settlement in the Connecticut Valley called the
South of Hartford. It was given the name New Haven.
22. Connecticut- a colony consisting of Democratic Hartford settlers joining with New
Haven. Connecticut’s royal charter was granted a limited degree of self-government
with election of the governor.
23. New Hampshire- it is the last colony founded by the New England. It was first part of
the Massachusetts Bay but King Charles II separated it from Massachusetts to
increase his royal control over the colonies so he made New Hampshire as a royal
colony, appointing to authority of a governor.
24. Halfway covenant- it was to give people the offer to have limited religious
commitment. Now, people can take part in church services and activities without
making a formal declaration of their total belief in Christ.
25. New England Confederation- a military alliance between 4 colonies including
Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Connecticut and New Haven that was formed in 1643
26. Wampanoags- Native Americans that united many other tribes in southern New
England
27. Metacom; King Philip’s War- King Phillip's War-it was a war between the colonists
and the Native Americans in which thousands died from each side. Eventually the
colonists killed the leader of the Wampanoag’s, King Phillip, which ended the war
with the victory of the colonists.
28. Restoration colonies- they were new American colonies that were founded during a
period in history when the power of an English monarch was restored
29. The Carolinas- a piece of land between Virginia and Spanish Florida that eventually
split in 1670 into North and South Carolina
30. Rice Plantations- plantations that grew rice that was worked by African slaves
31. Tobacco farms- farms that grow tobacco and were mostly in North Carolina
32. New York- -land located along the Atlantic coast between the Chesapeake colonies
and New England
33. New Jersey- a section of colony located between the Hudson River and Delaware
34. Pennsylvania- a piece of broad land to the west of New Jersey
35. Quakers- members of the religious society of friend who believed in the equality of
all men and women, nonviolence, and resistance to military service. Also, that the
religious authority was not found in the bible but in each person’s private soul.
36. William Penn- a young convert to the Quaker faith and was paid a form of grant of
land in the Americas
37. Holy Experiment- William Penn wanted to provide a religious refuge for the Quakers
and any other persecuted people
38. Frame of Government (1682-1683)- it guaranteed a representative assembly elected
by landowners
39. Charter of liberties (1701)- a written constitution which guaranteed freedom of
worship for all and unrestricted immigration
40. Delaware- a colony that was granted its own assembly and was created as a separate
colony
41. Georgia- the last colony that was formed by the British to prevent an invasion by the
Spanish into South Carolina
42. James Oglethorpe- led a group of philanthropists and founded Georgia’s first
settlement in Savannah
43. Mercantilism- an economic policy which looked upon trade, colonies, and
accumulation of wealth as the basis for a country’s military and political strength
44. Navigation Acts- a mercantilist policy that established three rules for colonial trade
45. Dominion of New England- the combination of New Jersey, New York, and the other
New England colonies into a single unit
-the governor of the Dominion of New England and became instantly unpopular by
levying taxes, limiting town meetings, and revoking land titles.
46. Sir Edmund Andros- -the governor of the Dominion of New England and became
instantly unpopular by levying taxes, limiting town meetings, and revoking land titles.
47. Glorious Revolution- King James II was replaced by two sovereigns, William and
Mary
48. Triangular trade- three part trade route; colony of New England to West Africa to
West Indies than back to the colonies
49. Slave Trade- from a New England colony to West Africa rum would be traded for
slaves, then from West Africa to the West Indies those slaves would be traded for
sugarcane to make the rum; slave trade was substantially profitable
50. Middle Passage- horrendous passage African slaves had to experience from West
Africa to the West Indies than traded there for sugarcane.