Name:
Date:
Mark:
/ 35
Chapter 9 - Digestion Assignment KEY
Describe the process of digestion using the following table: 12 marks = 0.5 off for every
incorrect response
DIGESTION BASICS
1.
Majority of digestion takes place in
Small intestine
this organ
2.
Length of this organ.
6 meters
3.
Three parts of this organ are called:
1 duodenum
2 jejunum
3 ileum
4.
How long is duodenum?
25 cm
5.
What controls flow of material into
Pyloric sphincter
duodenum?
6.
What is this material that enters the
Chyme (or acid chyme)
duodenum called?
7.
What is main role of duodenum in
Pancreatic sodium bicarondate neutralizes acid
digestion?
chyme and allows bile, and pancreatic
enzymes to mix with acid chyme to begin
digestion of molecules
8.
What two organs produce secretions 1 liver and gall bladder
that end up in duodenum?
2 pancreas
9.
Liver produces what?
Bile
10.
Why is it greenish in colour?
Byproduct of hemoglobin breakdown called
bilirubin
11.
Where is this substance stored?
Gall bladder
12.
What does an emulsifying agent do? Increase surface area by making droplets
13.
What do bile salts do?
Emulsify fats/lipids
14.
What sodium compound does
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
pancreatic juice contain?
15.
What does this substance do?
Neutralize the acid chyme to a pH of 8
16.
What 3 important enzymes does
Name: pancreatic amylase
pancreatic juice contains
Function: hydrolyze starch to maltose
4th enzyme is nuclease and hydrolyzes
Name: lipase
nucleic acids to nucleotides
Function: hydrolyze lipids to fatty acids &
glycerol
Name: trypsin
Function: hydrolyze proteins to peptides
17.
What produces the intestinal juices in Intestinal glands
the small intestine?
18.
Where are these glands located?
Wall of the small intestine
19.
Two important intestinal juice
Name: maltase
enzymes and their functions are:
Function: hydrolyzes maltose to glucose
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3rd enzyme is nucleosidase and hydrolyzes
nucleotides to a separate phosphate
group, pentose sugar, and
nitrogenous base
20.
Draw a villus, and show the blood
and lymph vessels within.
Name: peptidase
Function: hydrolyzes peptides to amino acids
21.
22.
Across cells of the villi
Both passive and active and if active, requires
ATP
Into the blood capillaries
23.
24.
25.
26.
Where does absorption take place?
Is this absorption passive? What
does it require?
Where do sugars and amino acids
go?
Where do glycerol and fatty acids
go?
What is the function of the hepatic
portal vein?
In your own words, list 6 functions of
the liver. there are 7-8
See your notes
After reforming into lipoproteins, they enter the
lacteals
Carry nutrients (glucose, amino acids,
nucleotide parts) from blood capillaries
in the villi from small intestine to the liver
1 see notes and textbook p. 273 table 9.2
2
3
4
5
6
Make a table that explains how hormones control the release of digestive enzymes in the
digestive system. Complete the following table. 4 marks = 0.5 off for each incorrect response
Hormone
GASTRIN
SECRETIN
Released by What
Part, and in
response to what?
Gastric glands,
stretching of
stomach, presence
of proteins, thought,
smell and taste of
food
Small intestine
glands
Acts on What
Part?
Stomach/gastric
glands
Increase secretions
of HCl and
pepsinogen
Liver, gall bladder
and pancreas
Cause secretions of
bile and pancreatic
juices
Cause secretions of
bile and pancreatic
juices
Decrease peristalsis
CHOLECYSTOKININ Small intestine
glands
Liver, gall bladder
and pancreas
GIP
stomach
Small intestine
glands
What does it do?
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Name:
Date:
List what Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are ultimately broken down into.
3 marks = 0.5 each
Molecule Type
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Where Digested
Mouth, SI
SI
Stomach, SI
SI
Broken Down Into
Glucose
Fatty acids & glycerol
Amino acids
Phosphate, sugar & base
Answer the following Short Answers for 4 marks each. Answer clearly and with at least 3
points for each question.
See written assignment KEY
1. Explain how the various digestive organs work together to digest a protein.
2. Explain how the various digestive organs work together to digest a carbohydrate.
3. Explaing how the various digestive organs work together to digest a lipid.
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3. Explaing how the various digestive organs work together to digest DNA.
nucleic acids are digested in the SI by nuclease secreted from the pancreas into nucleotides
and these are then digested by nucleosidase secreated from the SI glands into a separate
phosphate group, pentose sugar and nitrogenous base. (These parts are absorbed into the
blood capillary of the villi and carried to the liver by the hepatic portal vein.)
4. During emergency situations, the mouth often gets "cottony" (exceptionally dry). Why is
this?
During emergency, your body enters the fight-or-flight state (sympathetic nervous system)
instead of the digestive state (parasympathetic nervous system); therefore, blood flow is
diverted and the digestive system is shut down. As a result, less saliva is produced and you
get dry mouth during these types of stressful situations.
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