ENERGY SYSTEMS
KEY CONCEPTS / SKILLS:
At the end of this topic can you?
(1) Identify activities that predominantly use each system.
(2) Identify the characteristics of each energy system:
- Intensity
- Duration
- By-products
- Advantages and disadvantages
- Rate (speed) of ATP production
- Amount of ATP produced
(3) Describe the relationship between energy systems and physical activity – The
interplay of the three systems.
(4) Use data to justify the use (and interplay) of energy systems.
The ATP-PC System
The ATP-PC System is the least complicated of the three energy systems and
creates energy the quickest (anaerobically). It uses a fuel (PC) found within the
muscle. PC is depleted after 10-15 secs.
THE ATP-PC SYSTEM –
The energy created by the breakdown of PC enables the replenishment of
______________________. ATP then splits again to create ADP and energy is
released. This cycle continues until the PC is depleted. After this the lactic acid
and aerobic systems will provide more of the ATP required to fuel muscular
contractions.
There is approx. three to four times as much PC in the muscle as ATP. Given this,
explain why, after 5 seconds of exercise there would be more ATP present in the muscle
than PC?
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What is Creatine Monohydrate (p.349)?
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What is the major benefit of creatine supplementation (p.351)?
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How does creatine supplementation enhance performance in intermittent sports (p351)?
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As a result of anaerobic training, skeletal muscles hypertrophy. As a result the muscle
stores more PC. How does this assist in greater performance in anaerobic events?
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The Lactic Acid & Aerobic Systems
Look at the diagram below and fill in the gaps.
i.
Glycogen breaks down into glucose and some ______________ is released.
ii.
Glucose is transported to the working muscles in the
___________________________.
iii.
Glucose diffuses out of the capillaries and into the muscle.
iv.
When there is insufficient O2 glucose is broken down into 2 ATP and
______________.
v.
Oxygen is carried in the bloodstream in the haemoglobin in red blood cells.
When there is sufficient O2 whole glucose molecule is broken down into 38
ATP and ____________________________________________________.
Identify 2 factors which determine if the breakdown of glycogen to ATP is completed
aerobically or anaerobically.
(a)
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(b)
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Energy System Interplay
Define the term energy system interplay (p.85)
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Using the graph above, determine the ATP contribution Identify the energy system
interplay at the (a) 30 sec mark (b) 5 min mark.
ATP-PC System
Lactic
System
Acid Aerobic System
30 sec mark
5 min mark
Give
reasons
for
the
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differences.
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ENERGY SYSTEMS SUMMARY
A checklist … Can you  off each of the following points?
Read p.95-108. Complete the table below on an A3 sheet of paper.
CHARACTERISTIC
ATP – PC SYSTEM
LACTIC ACID
SYSTEM
AEROBIC SYSTEM
Less than one
Approx Two
Glycogen: 38
Triglycerides: More than 100
3.6
1.6
1.0
Extremely Rapid
Rapid
Slower
Aerobic or Anaerobic
Food Source
Fuel/s
No. of ATP molecules
made from 1 molecule of
energy source
Maximal rate of ATP
production
(molecules/min)
Speed of ATP production
Intensity
Duration Range
‘Peak’ Duration
Amount of ATP
produced
Metabolic By-products
(p136-137)
Advantage/s
Inorganic phosphate (Pi)
ADP
Disadvantage/s
Recovery Type
(p.135 – 137)
Page: 135 – Table 6.1
Recovery Duration
Cause/s of fatigue:
Limiting factors when
operating maximally
(Ch. 6)
Specific Sporting
Examples: List 3
Fitness Components
(Unit 4)
Continuous revision of this table is critical to success in PE.
Laboratory Report No. 1
Energy System Interplay
BACKGROUND INFORMATION:
Using the information on p.99 (Table 4.3) fill in the table below.
Changes to PC and muscle lactate during a 400m sprint
First 100m
PC
M La
After 200m
PC
M La
End of 400m
ATP
concentration
PC
Concentration
M La
For questions 1b – 1d, refer to the completed table above.
a. What changed most in the first 100m? PC depletion or muscle lactate (M La)?
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b. Consider the data above and the time it took for Johnson to run 100m. Using your
knowledge of energy systems, give a reason for the change identified?
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Compare the rate of PC depletion from 100 – 200m:
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Compare
the
rate
of
M
La
accumulation
from
100
–
200m.
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c. Which change was most significant from 100 – 200m (PC depletion or M La
accumulation)?
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d. Consider the data above and the time it took for Johnson to run 200m. Using your
knowledge of energy systems, give a reason for this?
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AIM:
To investigate (a) the interplay of energy systems and (b) the cause/s of fatigue during a
300m maximal effort test and its subsequent effect on performance.
METHOD:
 Record your resting heart rate in Table 1.
 Complete a 5 minute warm up, stretches and 3 x 50m runs at 75%.
 Record the split for each 50m of the 300m effort and finishing heart rate of 2 other
subjects. You may have a running start.
 Complete a very slow 5 minute jog and stretch after the test.
RESULTS:
Table 1 – Times (secs) at each 50m of a maximal 300m effort
Name
Michael
Johnson
Resting 1st
Heart
50m
Rate
5.6
2nd
50m
3rd
50m
4th
50m
5th
50m
6th
50m
10.4
15.4
20.6
26.0
31.6
Table 2 – Times for each 50m of a maximal 300m effort
Name
0 – 50m
2nd 50m
3rd 50m
4th 50m
Michael
5.6 secs
4.8 secs
5 secs
5.2 secs
Johnson
Finishing Finishing
Time
Heart
Rate
31.6secs
5th 50m
5.4 secs
6th 50m
5.6 secs
BACKGROUND INFORMATION:
Using your text, fill in the table below. Use this information to support your discussion.
The anaerobic v’s aerobic energy system contribution during selected periods of maximal
exercise.
Duration of exhaustive
exercise (secs)
0 – 10
% anaerobic
% aerobic
0 – 15
0 – 20
0 – 30
0 – 45
0 – 60
0 – 75
Characteristics of each energy system
Characteristic
ATP-PC SYSTEM
Duration Range
‘Peak’ Duration
Intensity
(% heart rate max)
Maximal rate at which
ATP can be produced
DISCUSSION:
Lactic Acid SYSTEM
AEROBIC SYSTEM
(a) What energy system did you use when waiting on the start line?
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(b) Which fuel did you use when waiting on the start line? _______________________
(c) Describe when the ATP-PC System was the main energy system used in the 300m to
provide ATP. Give reasons for your answer – make reference to the data.
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(d) At what point in your race does the Lactic Acid system become dominant? Give
reasons for your answer.
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(e) How does the change in energy system from the ATP-PC System to the Lactic Acid
System affect the rate at which ATP can be produced?
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(f) What effect did the change in energy system from ATP-PC to Lactic Acid have on
your performance in the 300m? Provide evidence of this using the times you recorded
for each 50m.
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(g) At what point in the race did the aerobic system begin making an increasing
contribution to the production of ATP? Give reasons for your answer.
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(h) Fill in the table below to show a comparison of where on the track you would be in
the same race as Michael Johnson.
Distance of Michael Johnson
100m (10sec)
Approx Personal Distance
150m (15sec)
200m (20sec)
300m - 31.6secs
(i) How does the interplay of energy systems in your 300m event differ to that of
Johnson’s race?
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CONCLUSION:
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