NAME: _____________________________________________
DATE: ____________________
BUSINESS OFFICE TECHNOLOGY
Computer Concepts
LAP 4
LEARNING
ACTIVITY
Text:
New Perspectives on Computer Concepts 2014
LAP Title:
Operating Systems and File Management
LAP Number:
CC-4
Objectives:
At the completion of this LAP the student will be able to:
PACKET
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Describe the four main resources that an operating system manages.
Explain the significance of multitasking, multithreading, and multiprocessing.
Explain the term memory leak, and describe what you can do if one occurs on your PC.
Explain what happens when your computer boots.
Describe five tasks for which you must interact directly with the operating system.
Describe the basic elements of a graphical user interface and contrast them with the
elements of a command-line interface.
7. List advantages and disadvantages of the three most popular personal computer operating
systems.
8. Explain the difference between dual booting and virtual machine technology.
9. List five names that are valid under the file-naming conventions for your operating system.
10. Pick any five files on the computer that you usually use, and write out the full path for each
one.
11. Describe the significance of the formats.
12. Explain the guidelines for managing files.
13. Describe what happens in the MFT when a file is stored or deleted.
14. Discuss the pros and cons of using an external hard drive, USB flash drive, network server,
or online storage service for backups.
15. Describe how synchronization software works.
16. Describe the significance of restore point, bare-metal restore, disk imaging, virtual machines,
boot disks, and recovery disks.
17. Describe the basic technique for backing up an IPhone, IPad, or IPod Touch.
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TECHNOLOGY CENTER
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Operating Systems and File Management
Learning Steps
LAP CC-4
Instructions: Checkout the Computer Concepts textbook and CD. Check off each step
as you complete it.
_____1.
Read:
Chapter Four, Operating Systems and File Management,
beginning on page 182.
_____ 2.
Do:
Quick Checks at the end of each section. Check your
answers with proof book at the back of the classroom.
_____ 3.
Do:
Interactive Summary. . Check your answers with proof
book at the back of the classroom.
_____ 4.
Turn In:
LAP to be graded.
_____ 5.
Go To:
CH Web. Business Office Technology, and click on tab
that says test. Take test.
_____ 6.
Continue:
To next LAP.
QUICKCHECK
Chapter 4
Section A
1) An operating system manages a computer’s ____________________, such as RAM,
storage, and peripherals.
2) Most personal computer operating systems have __________________ capabilities so
that they can simultaneously run two or more tasks, jobs, or programs.
3) The core part of an operating system is called its______________________________.
4) During the ___________________process, a program stored in ROM tells the hard disk
to load the operating system into RAM.
5) Most computers today have _________________ user interfaces.
QUICKCHECK
Chapter 4
Section B
1) Microsoft Windows featured the first graphical user interface. True or False?
_________________
2) A resource ______________________ is a companion file created by Mac OS to store
information about a file and its data.
3) VMware and Parallels Desktop are examples of ______________________ machine
technology that can be used to run Windows software on a Mac.
4) The operating system for iPads, iPod Touches, and iPhones is called
____________________.
5) Tablets and smartphones with the _________________________ operating system have
a screen-based home button, rather than a physical button.
QUICKCHECK
Chapter 4
Section C
1. .bmp, .docx, .exe, and .mov are examples of file ___________________________.
2. When using Windows, you cannot use a(n) _________________________ word, such as
AUX, as a file name.
3. A disk _________________________ is a section of a hard disk drive that is treated as a
separate storage unit.
4. A software application automatically stores files in its ___________________________
file format unless you specify otherwise.
5. When you convert a DOCX file into HTML format the resulting file is virtually
indistinguishable from the original. True or False?
________________________________
QUICKCHECK
Chapter 4
Section D
1. Suppose you open a file and edit it, and then want to save it with a different name. You
can use the Save option from the File menu. True or False?
_________________________
2. ______________________ file storage models, such as a filing cabinet or tree
metaphor, help you visualize the organization of your computer files.
3. Windows 8 offers a preconfigured Documents _____________________________ that’s
designed to hold links to document files stored in various folders.
4. A hard disk stores data in concentric circles called ________________, which are divided into
wedge-shaped __________________________.
5. The acronyms NTFS, HFS+, and MFT pertain to _____________________ file storage models.
QUICKCHECK
Chapter 4
Section E
1. ___________________ software, such as Time Machine, keeps your backup files up to
date with the original files on your hard disk.
2. One of the best devices for home backup is a(n) _______________________ hard drive.
3. A(n) ____________________ backup makes copies of only those files that have changed
since your last full backup.
4. A(n) _______________________ point is essentially a backup of the settings in the
Window Registry.
5. A bare- _____________________________ restore includes the operating system, boot
program, drivers, software applications, and data necessary to rebuild a replacement
hard disk in one easy operation.
INTERACTIVE SUMMARY
Chapter 4
SECTION A:
a) An operating system interacts with application software, device drives, and
hardware to manage a computer’s 1.________________________, such as the
processor, memory, and input/output devices.
b) To allow two or more programs to run simultaneously, an OS can offer
2.__________________ services.
c) Within a single program, 3.___________________________ allows multiple
parts, or threads, to run simultaneously.
d) An operating system’s 4.___________________________ capability supports a
division of labor among all the processing units.
e) An operating system might have to deal with a memory,
5.___________________________, a situation caused by an application that
requests memory, but never releases it.
f) Operating systems are informally categorized and characterized using one or
more of the following terms: A(n) 6._______________________-user operating
system expects to deal with one set of input devices-those that can be controlled
by one person at a time.
g) A(n) 7._________________________-user operating system is designed to deal
with input, output, and processing requests from many users.
h) A(n) 8.____________________________operating system provides
management tools for distributed networks, e-mail servers, and Web site
hosting.
i) A(n) 9.___________________________ operating system is one that’s designed
for a personal computer.
j) A(n) 10.___________________________operating system is designed for
devices such as iphones and Droids.
k) The core part of an operating system is called the
11.______________________________, which is loaded into RAM during the
12.___________________________ process.
l) In addition to behind-the-scenes activities, operating systems also provide tools,
called operating system 13.________________________________, that you can
use to control and customize your computer equipment and work equipment.
m) Many operating systems also influence the look and feel of your software, or
what’s known as the user 14.____________________________________.
SECTION B:
a) Popular 1.________________________ operating systems include Microsoft
Windows, Mac OS, and Linux.
b) Windows has evolved to keep pace with 16-bit, 32-bit, and
2._____________________-bit architectures.
c) Its strengths include a huge library of Windows
3.__________________________, support for a variety of peripheral devices,
and plenty of documentation.
d) Two of the weakest features of Microsoft Windows are reliability and
4.___________________.
e) Windows 5._______________________ is the mobile version of Windows 8,
designed to run on devices with ARM processors.
f) Mac OS evolved from the original Classic Mac OS designed for
6._____________________ computers based on the Motorola 68000
microprocessor.
g) In 2001, Mac OS X was released for Apple’s new line of computers using IBM’s
PowerPC processor. OSX was again revised for a line of computers using
7._________________ processors.
h) These Macs can be set up to dual 8._______________________ Mac OS and
Windows.
i) Intel Macs also offer a good platform for 9._________________ machine
technologies that allow you to use one computer to simulate the hardware and
software of another.
j) One of the potential problems with Mac OS is its use of
10._______________________ forks, which make cross-platform file sharing
clumsy.
k) Apple also has a mobile operating system called
11.___________________________ used on iPhones, iPads, and iPod Touches.
l) Linux is a(n) 12.________________________ source operating system that is
uses extensively for servers. One of the reasons it has not become more popular
for desktop OS is that it requires a bit more technical savvy than Windows or
Mac OS .
m) Developed by Microsoft and supplied on the original IBM PCs,
13._____________________ was one of the first operating system for personal
computers.
n) 14._________________________ is a mobile operating system developed by
Google and used extensively for tablets and smartphones.
SECTION C:
a) A computer 1.___________________________ is a named collection of data that
exists on a storage medium, such as a hard disk, CD, DVD, or USB drive.
b) Every file has a name and might also have a file extension. The rules that specify
valid files names are called file-naming 2.
_______________________________________.
c) These rules typically do not allow you to use certain characters or
3.______________________ words in a file name.
d) A file or 4._____________________________ is usually related to a file formatthe arrangement of data in a file and the coding scheme used to represent the
data.
e) A software program’s 5._________________________________ file format is
the default format for storing files created with that program.
f) A file’s location is defined by a file 6._________________________ (sometimes
called a path), which includes the storage device, folder(s), file name, and
extension.
g) In Windows, storage devices are identified by a drive letter, followed by a(n)
7._______________.
h) Every storage device has a(n) 8._________________________ containing a list of
files stored on the device.
i) The top-level list of a device is referred to as the
9._______________________________ directory, which can be subdivided into
several smaller lists called subdirectories that are depicted as
10.________________________________.
SECTION D:
a) File 1.____________________________ encompasses any procedure that helps
you organize your computer-based files so that you can find them more
effectively.
b) 2._______________________-based file management uses tools provided with
software program to open and save files. Additional tools might also allow you
to create new folders, rename files, and delete files.
c) The Save and Save As dialog boxes are examples of these file management fools.
Most operating systems provide file management. Most operating systems
provide file management 3.___________________________ that give you the
“big picture” of the files you have stored on your disks.
d) The structure of folders that you envision on your disk is a(n)
4._____________________ model, which is often represented by a storage
5._____________________, such as a tree structure or filing cabinet.
e) Window File Explorer and the Mac 6.___________________________ are
examples of file management utilities provided by operating systems.
f) These utilities allow you to find, rename, copy, move, and delete files and
folders. In addition they allow you to perform file management activities with
more than one file at a time. The way that data is actually stored is referred to
as the 7._______________________ storage model.
g) Before a computer stores data on a disk, CD, or DVD, it creates the equivalent of
electronic stage bins by dividing the disk into 8.___________________, then
further dividing the disk into 9._____________________.
h) This dividing process is referred to as 10.________________________________.
i) Each sector of a disk is numbered, providing a storage address that the operating
system can track, Many computers work with a group of sectors, called a(n) 11.
_____________________, to increase the efficiency of file storage operations.
j) An operating system uses a file 12.____________________________ to track the
physical location of files
SECTION E:
a) A backup is a copy of one or more files that have been made in case the original
files become damages. A good backup plan allows you to
1.______________________ your computing environment to its pre-disaster
state with minimum of fuss.
b) Your personal backup plan depends on the files you need to back up, the
hardware you have available to make backups, and your backup software. In any
case, it is a good idea to back up the Windows 2.________________________
and make sure your files are free of 3.____________________________.
c) Backups should be stored in a safe place, away from the computer. Personal
computer back-ups are typically recorded on
4._________________________________ hard drives, USB flash drives, network
servers, and online storage services.
d) An easy way to get a backup of important data files is to use a
5._______________________ management utility to select important files can
copy them to a USB flash drive.
e) 6._________________________ compares files on two devices and makes them
the same.
f) Backup software differs from most copy routines because it
7._____________________ all the files for a backup into one large file.
g) A(n) 8._______________________________ backup saves time by backing up
only those files that been changed since the last backup.
h) Restoring a Windows computer usually requires several steps, such as
reinstalling the operating system, before a backup can be restored. The process
can be simplified by using a backup system that offers bare9.__________________________ restore.
INTERACTIVE SUMMARY
Chapter 4
SECTION A:
a) An operating system interacts with application software, device drives, and hardware to
manage a computer’s 1.________________________, such as the processor, memory,
and input/output devices.
b) To allow two or more programs to run simultaneously, an OS can offer
2.__________________ services.
c) Within a single program, 3.___________________________ allows multiple parts, or
threads, to run simultaneously.
d) An operating system’s 4.___________________________ capability supports a division
of labor among all the processing units.
e) An operating system might have to deal with a memory,
5.___________________________, a situation caused by an application that requests
memory, but never releases it.
f) Operating systems are informally categorized and characterized using one or more of
the following terms: A(n) 6._______________________-user operating system expects
to deal with one set of input devices-those that can be controlled by one person at a
time.
g) A(n) 7._________________________-user operating system is designed to deal with
input, output, and processing requests from many users.
h) A(n) 8.____________________________operating system provides management tools
for distributed networks, e-mail servers, and Web site hosting.
i) A(n) 9.___________________________ operating system is one that’s designed for a
personal computer.
j) A(n) 10.___________________________operating system is designed for devices such
as iphones and Droids.