A.P. US Mods 6/7/8 Artem Kholodenko 0109 Notes for pgs. 190 – 196 Reconstituting the States - - Legislative Chambers Become 1 - Whig Ideas - - - Church Loses Power - - The Articles of Confederation - Point of the Articles - - 11 of 13 colonies kept the 2-chamber governments and some even lowered the property requirements so more people could vote The constitution defined and limited the power, but it also spelled out the rights of the people By 1784 all states had explicit bills that outlines certain freedoms beyond government control and the government was no longer the final word on constitutionality The executive power was limited the most and annual elections began to take place after 1776 except in NC, where it was regularly a 2-year thing 8 constitutions written before 1780 let voters to select both houses of the legislature, “electoral college” for upper house and remaining for “senate”; Penn. & Geor. Abolished the upper house and only left 1 chamber, but the Whigs remembered the old kingship of 1 chamber The Whigs cooled off from being so radical and Mass. revised its const. In 1780 to strengthen the governor; Geor. & Penn. made unicameral legislatures by 1790 The constitution was being made for equal; but the group in the senate was tried to be made higher a class, yet the people in both groups remained the same status The Whigs dropped their defense of 2 chambers because the two present groups in 1, could check each other’s actions The Whigs thought that social divisions would separate the country and not bring it together Between 1776 & 80 Jefferson drafted some bills pushing for equality; he wanted to even out the people’s wealth so some wouldn’t be as stuck-up Virginia ended the idea that the eldest son would get the land; by 1791 all states supported that idea Also, the end came to the state-church everywhere in these years but in N.E., where tithes until 1817 in N.H., 1818 in CT., 1833 in MA; all states supporting the Anglican had abolished the taxes for its support by 1786 The revolution was made to ring in a new era of humanity, but the Whigs wanted to use old ideas as well; but the Whig ideas were judged by whether they were good for the majority of the people and not just the few of the rich In 1776, John Dickinson, who didn’t sign the Declaration of Independence, drafted a paper which proposed a national government; the congress adopted a weaker version of the document and sent it to the states in 1777 The document said that all states would have their freedom, but people be part of the state 1 st and the country 2nd; and later it was explained that the document was meant to keep the states as a confederacy of separate governments In the articles, the government was a 1 chamber Articles Become Law - Finance & Trade Under the Confederation - Robert Morris - Alexander Hamilton & Morris - The Newburgh Conspiracy - Debt Increases - The Confederation and the West Ordinance of 1785 - Northwest Ordinance - - - congress and each state had 1 vote; the states would be requested of money, but no taxes could be collected unless all states approved; financial, diplomatic, and military affairs were controlled by the committees with the organization of allegiance to its laws The articles would become operational until all states approved, which they did by 1779, yet Maryland delayed due to the fact that they wanted the land north of Ohio R. given to the US; they wanted to keep NY and Virg. From expanding as to dominate the new nation From 1781, northwestern claims by single states were given up and the articles became law in 1781 The new US government was very limited in power and couldn’t do a lot of things that the Continental Congress did $160 mil. was spent on the war, and the nation borrowed $ and printed its own; too much printing killed 98% of the value of the currency from 1776 to 1781 With the bad finances, the country turned to Morris, who in 1781 became the national superintendent of finance; he wanted to make a 5% import duty to increase the profit of the government, but since every state had to approve, it failed to pass The 2 tried to scare the people into creating a regular income source for the government with the Newburgh Conspiracy In 1783, the 2 persuaded the army officers into bluffing that they would turn to mutiny if they weren’t paid the $ due; G. Washington gave a speech after hearing about the plot, stopping its execution; the mutiny was never intended, but the risk taken for the bluff showed the bad state of the US In 1783 the financial situation got worse and another plan for taxation was rejected by NY and the contributions to congress decreased By 1780s, the states feel back 80% of their congressional dues Before, almost 60% of exports went to the W. Indies, but after, all rights to trade there were lost by the US and caused a depression in 1784 After the revolution, settlers wanted to move to the went, but the Indians wanted to keep their lands The Ohio R. lands fell under this law which established a new township of 6 miles square; townships were divided in sections of 640 acres each 1. Congress would appoint a territorial governor and judges in a territory 2. As soon as 5,000 lived, people would write a temp. Constitution and elect a legislature 3. After 60,000 lived there, people would write a state constitution These articles were the basics for living in the frontier; the N. Ordinance also blocked slavery from some Push for Exploration - Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1784) - Fort McIntosh (1785) & Fort Finney (1786) - Mohawk Joseph Brant - Treaty of Augusta (1783) - John Jay Goes to Spain - - territories The northwest provided enough land to keep the colonists busy exploring A push for exploration was made because leaders were afraid that the US population would suddenly boom and there would be more land to live on The Indians finally gave in after being told that the US won the land by conquest Under the new treaty ½ of the Iroquois land was given up to NY and PA Under these treaties, the Delaware and Shawnees had to recognize the American control over their land; but most rejected that Britain wanted to regain control of the northwest by holding forts in Canada in 7 places and giving arms to the Indians He inspired the Indian resistance to whites; he was skillful in battle and very educated; he visited king George in London in 1785; he organized the Indians into a fighting force Some resisted to fight after heavy losses, and the same was in the south Creeks gave up land in Georgia and McGillivray, who was ¾ white, and the Spanish in Florida would give weapons to the Indians and McGillivray would be able to attack that land Spanish wanted to stop the US from shipping goods down the Mississippi to New Orleans; but Brit. promised the US exports down the river In 1784 New Orleans was closed to Americans and Jay went to Spain to talk about the problem, but he didn’t succeed The deny made the Americans infuriated