STUDY GUIDE – MRS. PAVLIN’S ADVANCED BIOLOGY FINAL
Format:
Scantron (~ 58%): Multiple Choice, Matching, Diagram Analysis, and Scientific Reading
Free Response (~ 25%): Genetics Problem, Short Answer Questions, and Hardy-Weinberg Problem
Lab Practical (~ 17%): Dichotomous Key Classification, Microscope Slides, and Chi-Square Analysis
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Topics:
Part 1 – (Cell Reproduction)
Chapter 10 – Cell Growth and Division
Cell Cycle, Mitosis (function and phases), Cytokinesis (plant & animal), and Chromosome Structure.
Part 2 – (Genetics)
Chapter 11 – Introduction to Genetics
Meiosis (function and phases), Homologous Chromosomes, Gametes, Zygote, Chromosome Number
(haploid & diploid), Mendel’s Laws, Phenotype/Genotype, Homozygous/Heterozygous, Dominant and
Recessive Traits, Punnett Squares, Expected Ratios, Test Crosses, Monohybrid Crosses, Dihybrid Crosses
& Law of Independent Assortment, Generations (P, F1, F2), Genes, Alleles, Law of Probability and Product
Rule, Incomplete Dominance, Codominance, ABO blood groups, Multiple Alleles, and Polygenic Traits.
Chapter 12 – DNA and RNA
Scientists (Griffith, Avery, Hershey & Chase, Watson & Crick), DNA Structure, Base Pairing Rules,
DNA Replication, RNA (types, structure & function), Transcription, RNA splicing (introns & exons),
Translation, Genetic Code (DNA triplets, mRNA codons, tRNA anticodons), Chromosome Mutations,
Gene Mutations (point & frameshift), and Environmental Influence.
Chapter 13 – Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineering, Recombinant DNA, Plasmids, Restriction Enzymes, Restriction Fragments (RFLPs),
Gel Electrophoresis, and DNA fingerprinting.
Chapter 14 – The Human Genome
Pedigrees, Autosomal Genetic Disorders, Sex-linked Disorders, Chromosomal Disorders, Karyotypes, Fetal
Tests (amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, fetoscopy), Sex Chromosomes, Sex-Linked Traits and
Disorders, Gene Linkage, Crossing-over, Polygenic Traits, and Human Genome Project.
Part 3 (Evolution)
Chapter 15 – Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
Charles Darwin, Natural Selection, Adaptations, Evidence of Evolution (fossils, homologous structures,
analogous structures, vestigial structures), and Lamarck’s Theories.
Chapter 16 – Evolution of Populations
Microevolution, Gene Pool, Population Genetics, Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Model (conditions &
calculations), Selection Outcomes (stabilizing, directional, disruptive), and Speciation.
Chapter 17 – The History of Life
Patterns in Evolution, Types of Evolution (convergent & divergent), Coevolution, Adaptive Radiation, and
Rates of Evolution.
Chapter 18 – Classification of Living Things
Taxonomy, Carolus Linnaeus, Binomial Nomenclature, Hierarchy (D.K.P.C.O.F.G.S.), Species Definition,
Scientific Names, Phylogeny, Characteristics of the Kingdoms, and Dichotomous Keys.
Part 4 (Ecology)
Chapter 3 – The Biosphere
Ecological Levels (Organisms, Populations, Communities, Ecosystems, Biomes, Biosphere), Food Webs
(Producers Consumers, Decomposers), Biomass Pyramid, Trophic Levels, and Cycles of Matter.
Chapter 4 – Ecosystems and Communities
Biotic Factors, Abiotic Factors, Niche, Habitat, Competition, Predation, Symbiosis (parasitism,
commensalism, mutualism), Features of Aquatic Biomes (Freshwater & Marine), Features of Terrestrial
Biomes (Forests, Grasslands, Tundra, Desert), and Ecological Succession.