Chapter 30
Revolutions and National States in the Atlantic World
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The author of a Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen was
a. Marie Antoinette.
b. Olympe de Gouges.
c. Maximilien Robespierre.
d. Simone de Beauvoir.
e. Mary Wollstonecraft.
2. In response to the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen
a. the French revolutionary leaders called for complete equality for women.
b. its author, Olympe de Gouges, became a leading force in the French Revolution.
c. it was, in fact, the English who offered complete equality for women.
d. French women achieved political, but not economic, equality.
e. the French revolutionary leaders refused to put women’s rights on their political agenda.
3. The revolutions of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries helped to spread Enlightenment
ideals and
a. encouraged the consolidation of national states.
b. also, ironically, strengthened the European control over South America.
c. also repudiated socialist and communist philosophies.
d. resulted in the weakening of national states because of the growing emphasis on the individual.
e. gave complete freedom and equality to women.
4. Revolutionaries of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century
a. were able to destroy all vestiges of the ancient regime.
b. were mainly influenced by Marxist ideology.
c. focused on the necessity for popular sovereignty.
d. accepted the legitimacy of the divine right of kings.
e. always stressed the inherent equality between men and women.
5. The author of the Second Treatise of Civil Government was
a. Voltaire.
b. Rousseau.
c. Locke.
d. Hobbes.
e. Robespierre.
6. Which of the following was not one of John Locke’s main ideas?
a. that governments were a result of a social contract between rulers and ruled.
b. that subjects had the right to remove their ruler.
c. that rulers derived their authority from the consent of those they governed.
d. that individuals retained personal rights to life, liberty, and property.
e. that although kings did have divine sanction, their subjects maintained personal rights.
7. Which one of the following was not one of the basic ideals of the Enlightenment thinkers?
a. popular sovereignty.
b. social contract.
c. political equality.
d. equality for women.
e. individual freedom.
8. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in his Social Contract, argued that in every country the sovereign voice of
government
a. was the members of society acting collectively.
b. was the king because, despite his faults, he was still of divine appointment.
c. should be the nobles instead of the king because of their control of the land.
d. should be the bishops and archbishops because of their special relationship to God.
e. resided in the army.
11. The Declaration of Independence’s contractual view of political structure in which the government
drew its authority from “the consent of the governed” was influenced by
a. Edmund Burke.
b. John Locke.
c. John Stuart Mill.
d. William Wilberforce.
e. Voltaire.
13. The leaders of the French Revolution
a. were much more conservative than the leaders of the American Revolution.
b. accepted the fact that France would always have to have a king.
c. called for a complete reorganizing of French political, social, and cultural structures.
d. created concepts and documents that would later influence the American Revolution.
e. placed unlimited faith in the potential of the peasants.
15. On 17 June 1789 members of the third estate seceded from the Estates General and declared themselves
the
a. House of Commons.
b. Convention.
c. National Assembly.
d. Directory.
e. House of Representatives.
16. In August 1789 the National Assembly expressed the guiding principles of the French Revolution by
issuing the
a. Declaration of Independence.
b. French Constitution of 1789.
c. Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.
d. Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen.
e. Social Contract.
17. The guiding principles of the French Revolution were summed up in the phrase
a. “no taxation without representation.”
b. “peace, bread, land.”
c. “let them eat cake.”
d. “all men are created equal.”
e. “liberty, equality, fraternity.”
19. The most radical period of the French Revolution was reached during the leadership of
a. Louis XVI.
b. Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
c. Maximilien Robespierre.
d. Napoleon Bonaparte.
e. Simón Bolívar.
21. During the rule of the Directory,
a. the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was written.
b. the French Revolution reached its most radical stage.
c. the French monarchy was abolished and Louis XVI was executed.
d. France was finally defeated by a combined British, Prussian, Austrian, and Russian army.
e. the French Revolution moved in a more conservative direction.
23. Napoleon’s Civil Code
a. gave absolute free speech to French newspapers.
b. was a modern restatement of Justinian’s Corpus Iuris Civilis.
c. affirmed the political and legal equality of all adult men.
d. had at its core the radical measures of the Convention.
e. reduced patriarchal authority and gave more equality to women.
24. The turning point in Napoleon’s career was his disastrous 1812 invasion of
a. England.
b. Austria.
c. Russia.
d. Spain.
e. Italy.
25. Napoleon’s final defeat occurred at
a. Waterloo.
b. Leipzig.
c. Elba.
d. Moscow.
e. St. Helena.
26. The only successful slave revolt in history took place in
a. Brazil.
b. Haiti
c. Cuba.
d. Virginia.
e. Mexico.
27. The leader who was responsible for the success of the Saint-Dominique uprising was
a. Simón Bolívar.
b. Boukman.
c. Miguel de Hidalgo.
d. L’Ouverture.
e. Jose de San Martin.
31. The goal of Simón Bolívar was to
a. form stable smaller South American states centered around distinct tribal or linguistic groups.
b. have the colonies of South America remained linked to Spain but attain a measure of selfgovernment.
c. bring the former Spanish colonies of South America into union with the United States.
d. weld the former Spanish colonies of South America into a confederation like the United States.
e. bring about unification through a strict authoritarian form of government.
33. The leader who helped lead Brazil to independence was
a. Simon Bolivar.
b. Bernardo O’Higgins.
c. Jose de San Martin.
d. Miguel de Hidalgo.
e. Emperor Pedro I.
41. Theodore Herzl was the founder of
a. German nationalism.
b. modern conservatism.
c. the Seneca Falls Conference.
d. modern anti-Semitism.
e. Zionism.
42. The driving conservative politician at the Congress of Vienna was
a. Napoleon.
b. Otto von Bismarck.
c. Edmund Burke.
d. Klemens von Metternich.
e. Theodore Herzl.
43. The German leader Otto von Bismarck believed that the great issues of his day would be determined by
a. “class struggle.”
b. “liberty, equality, fraternity.”
c. “the resurgence of the ancien régime.”
d. “blood and iron.”
e. “the realization of freedom.”
Terms and Concepts
44. Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the
Female Citizen
45. Popular sovereignty
46. The Social Contract
47. The Declaration of Independence
48. Ancien régime
49. French Revolution
50. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and
the Citizen
51. “liberty, equality, and fraternity”
52. Waterloo
53. Zionism
54. Congress of Vienna
55. “blood and iron”
People
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
Olympe de Gouges
John Locke
Voltaire
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Louis XVI
Maximilien Robespierre
Napoleon Bonaparte
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Miguel de Hidalgo
Simón Bolívar
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
Bernardo O’Higgins
José de San Martín
Pedro I
Guiseppe Mazzini
Theodor Herzl
Prince Klemens von Metternich
Count Camillo di Cavour
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Otto von Bismarck
Map Identification
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
Yorktown
Boston
Paris
Haiti
Mexico
Argentina
Chile
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
Palestine
Brazil
Peru
Bolivia
Italy
Germany