AP WORLD HISTORY CHAPTER 27 HOMEWORK
DUE DATE: The vocabulary and essay response questions 1-4 are due on
Tuesday, December 18 for all classes. I will collect the complete assignment
on Thursday, December 20.
Part 1 Vocabulary. Give the historical context (date, place). Paraphrase the
definition and state its significance. (You can make each term one sentence
long if you are concise. You may put the date and place in parentheses.)
Part 2. Directions for short response essays. Write a one paragraph response
for questions 1 through 6 listed below. Please type your work.
IMPORTANT: USE THE ATTACHED BULLET POINTS ON THE NEXT TWO PAGES
TO HELP YOU ANSWER THE SHORT RESPONSE QUESTIONS.
1) How did Japan’s reaction to the Euro-American presence differ from the responses
of China and India?
2) The Janissary revolt in Serbia and the execution of Selim III taught Ottoman leaders
that reform had to be more systematic. The Ottoman response was the Tanzimat
reforms. Describe these reforms and evaluate their effectiveness.
3) What were the causes of the Crimean War? Be sure to discuss nations and states
involved.
4) Discuss the factors in China and among the Chinese people that explain the
powerful British presence in China by 1842.
5) Nineteenth century China suffered from both foreign intrusion and social unrest.
What was the most obvious demonstration of the Chinese people’s dissatisfaction at
midcentury? Explain in detail the causes and results of that unrest.
6) What was the short impact and long term impact of the Tokugawa shogunate’s
response to the threat of Euro-American invasions? (i.e. Matthew Perry)
~ refer to the corresponding bullet points on the next two pages to answer the
short responses ~
~refer to the student glossary to help you paraphrase and state the significance of
the vocabulary terms ~
AP Chapter 27 bullet points (These are used to help organize your essays).
Note: Assignments that explain all of the bullet points in a clear and somewhat detailed
manner will be graded as a B. To get an A, your responses must be richly detailed. All
responses must be accurate.
PLEASE INCLUDE THE TITLE FOR EACH RESPONSE. The bullet points below correspond
to the questions on the previous page.
1)
Japan’s reaction to Euro-American presence contrasted with
the reactions of China and India (pp.691-694)
 After Opium War, China was divided into spheres of influence
 Since mid 1700s, India was under British control by BEIC; in 1858 it
became a British colony
 Unlike China, Japan didn’t fight a war with a western power when
modernization was thrust upon them.
 Unlike India, Japan didn’t become a colony of a western power.
 After Matthew Perry’s arrival in1853, Japanese government, under the
Tokugawa shoguns, signed a trade treaty.
In 1868, Tokugawa control was ended by the rule of
Mutsuhito (a.k.a. Meiji Restoration—emperor’s power was restored after
centuries of rule by shoguns).
 Japan began rapid modernization based on military
and industrial expansion.
2) Tanzimat Reforms (page 678)
 Define Tanzimat reforms
 Describe the Tanzimat Reforms (use the spaces below to take notes)
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
 Evaluation: Ottoman Empire became a leader in
social and political reforms in the Islamic world.
These reforms greatly helped to modernize
the Ottoman Empire.
3) Crimean War (dates 1853-1856 )
Location: see map of Ukraine, page 677, the Crimean Peninsula is in southern Ukraine
on the Black Sea.
 Crimean war defined: a conflict where England and France supported the
Ottoman Empire in opposition to Russian expansion on the Crimean Peninsula.
 Main cause/background: increased Russian pressure on Ottoman Empire since
1820s. (background: PTG wanted a warm water port on the Black Sea).
 Russia wanted Eastern Orthodox religion to dominate Russian controlled
territory in the Crimean areas
 England & France wanted to stop Russian expansion which was seen as a
threat to the European balance of power established in 1815 at the Congress of
Vienna.
(continued on next page)
(AP Chapter 27 bullet points continued)
4) Powerful British Presence in China by 1842
 MacCartney Mission (pages 560-561 ): MacCartney’s trade
proposal was rebuffed (rejected); Britain was upset Britain
selling opium in China.
 Main factor of British presence in China–Opium War (1840-1842) [pp. 684-687]
 Britain sale of opium to Chinese leading to catastrophic social decline
(explain)
 Britain defeated Chinese in Opium War (why? better weapons)
 Results: spheres of influence created, reparations,
extraterritoriality; China’s political power was severely weakened—the
Qing dynasty lost the Mandate of Heaven;
British power was greatly increased. (This led to Taiping Rebellion; see next
question).
5) Unrest in Nineteenth Century China
 Define the Taiping Rebellion (p.687)
 Explain causes of Taiping Rebellion
 Hong Xiuquan led the Rebellion; he had failed the civil
service test & he probably went insane; he thought he was Jesus’
younger brother!
 About how many people died? 
6) Short term impact (STI) and Long term impact (LTI) of
Tokugawa’s response to Matthew Perry’s Arrival (pp. 691-694)
 Tokugawa Japan ruled by controlled decentralization
 After signing Treaty with Perry and the USA, many regional
leaders sought to overthrow the Tokugawa
 By mid 1800s many regional leaders had become estranged
(divorced) from Tokugawa favor and control. (Explain)
 In 1868, the Tokugawa era ended when Mutsuhito became emperor (his
reign from 1868-1912) is known as the Meiji Restoration.
 During Meiji Restoration, Japan conducted the most rapid period of
modernization in human history; its military and industrial base were
transformed
~See the vocabulary glossary on the next page~
Chapter 27 Student Vocabulary Glossary: Paraphrase this information. Emphasize the www.ce
information. Next, state why the term is significant. (i.e. Janissaries were significant because they were
the elite infantry of the Ottoman army that fought to protect and expand their empire).
Do NOT simply
copy this.
Janissaries: Soldiers, usually of non-Turkish origin, who belonged to an elite infantry corps of the
Ottoman army. They formed a self- regulating guild, administered by a council of elected unit
commanders. In the 1800s the Janissaries resisted the Tanzimat reforms because they had become
very conservative.
Tanzimat: The Tanzimat was a reorganization of the Ottoman Empire. It began in 1839 and it was a
series of attempts to help modernize the Ottoman Empire. It ended in 1876 during the first constitutional
era.
Serbia: Kingdom of Serbia was a province of the Habsburg Monarchy from 1718 to 1739. It was formed
from the territory south of the rivers Sava and Danube that Habsburg Monarchy conquered from Ottoman
Empire in 1718, but was returned under Ottoman administration in 1739.
Crimean war: Was fought between 1854 and 1856. It was fought between Russia and a group of nations
including England, France, Turkey, Sardinia, and also the Ottoman Empire.
Percussion cap: A sensitive cap, historically filled with fulminate of mercury, that is struck by the
hammer of a percussion weapon, sending a spurt of flame down to ignite the black powder packed
behind the ball and patch of a black powder weapon. This technique is still used by rifles, pistols and
even cannon. It was introduced in 1830 and used by the Ottoman Empire.
Breech-loading rifle: A breech-loading weapon is a firearm (a rifle, a gun etc.) in which the bullet or shell
is inserted or loaded at the rear of the barrel, or breech; the opposite of muzzle-loading.
Opium war: Fought between the British and Qing China beginning in 1839; fought to protect British trade
in opium; resulted in resounding British victory, opening of Hong Kong as British port of trade.
Treaty of Nanking: The Treaty of Nanking was signed on August 29th, 1842 to mark the end of the First
Opium War (1839–42). Significance: This led to many unfair practices such as extraterritoriality and
Spheres of Influence, which in turn, led to the Taiping Rebellion.
Extraterritoriality: Immunity from the local laws of a certain area, especially due to diplomatic
negotiation. Example/significance: A British soldier who committed a crime in China would be tried in
Britain. How did this make the Chinese feel? Why?
Treaty ports: The treaty ports were port cities in China, Japan, and Korea that were opened to foreign
trade by the so-called Unequal Treaties after the Opium War. Significance: China was carved up into
Spheres of Influence, territories centered around these ports controlled by Europeans.
Taiping Rebellion: The Taiping Rebellion was a widespread civil war in China from 1850 to 1864, led by
Christian convert Hong Xiuquan, against the ruling Qing Dynasty. Hong thought he was Jesus’ brother!
About 20 million people died, mainly civilians, in one of the deadliest military conflicts in history.
Most-favored-nation status: The highest diplomatic status that one nation can bestow on another; it
requires the granting nation to extend to the most favored nation all those privileges that have been or
may be granted to any third nation. This clause was often contained in trade treaties.
Meiji Restoration: The restoration of the Emperor Meiji to power in Japan. This involved overthrowing
the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868 and thus ended Japan’s isolation. The Meiji
Restoration implemented technological modernization that made Japan a modern nation by the late
1800s. It was perhaps the most rapid modernization in human history!