Chapter 33 – Reading and Study Guide
SOCIETIES AT CROSSROADS
A. Identification – State in your own words what each of the following terms means
and why it is significant to a study of world history. Those terms with an asterisk may be
defined in the glossary.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Muhammad Ali
Mahmud II
Abd al-Hamid
Alexander II
Sergei Witte
Lin Zexu
Hong Xiuquan
Empress Dowager
Cixi
9. Commodore Matthew
Perry
10. Emperor Mutsuhito
(Meiji)
11. Ito Hirobumi
12. Janissaries
13. The “capitulations”
14. Tanzimat reforms
15. Young Turks
16. Crimean War
17. Zemstvos
18. Soviets
19. Duma
20. Cohong system
21. Opium War
22. Unequal treaties
23. Taiping revolution
24. Self-Strengthiening
Movement
25. Sphere of influence
26. Boxer rebellion
27. Tokugawa shogunate
28. Meiji restoration
29. Daimyo
30. Bakufu
31. Neo-Confucianism*
B. Study Questions – Answer the following questions. Once you have read the
chapter, you should be able to discuss each question fully.
1. What factors led the territorial decline of the Ottoman Empire over the course of
the nineteenth century? What territories were lost?
2. Compare the reforms of the Tanzimat era with the program of the Young Turks.
3. What significant political and legal reforms did the Russian government
implement in the late nineteenth century?
4. What was Count Witte’s program for the industrialization of Russia? What were
the results?
5. What were the sources of social discontent and agitation in Russia in the late
nineteenth century? How did the government respond?
6. What events led to the Russian Revolution of 1905? What was the outcome of
this revolution?
7. Why was the opium trade so important to the British? What factors led to the
Opium War and how was this war resolved?
8. What was the impact of the Treaty of Nanjing on the Chinese empire? What
nations benefited from this treaty?
9. What were the causes of the Taiping revolution? What was the outcome?
10. Overall, what weaknesses would you say led to the collapse of the Qing
dynasty?
11. What factors led to the collapse of the Tokugawa government and the restoration
of the emperor Meiji in 1868?
12. How did Japanese reformers achieve rapid industrialization of Japan? What
were the results of this effort? What were the costs?
C. “BIG History” – Identify the big picture (global context) of the chapter.
Name:___________________
Date:____________________
Period:_____________
PIRATES Chart
AP World History
Culture/Civilization:___________________________________ Time Span:_______________
Political
Leaders, Elites
State Structure
War
Diplomacy,
Treaties, Courts,
Laws
Intellectual
Writing,
Literature
Philosophy
Math & Science
Education
Religious
Holy Books
Beliefs, Teachings
Conversion
Sin/Salvation
Deities
Art
Music
Paintings
Sculpture
Architecture
Technology
Inventions
Industry
Innovations
Economic
Type of System
Trade, Commerce
Capital/Money
Types of
Businesses
Social
Family
Gender Relations
Social Classes
Inequalities
Life Styles