Human Anatomy Unit
Skeletal bones
Parts of bones
Epiphysis
the end of the part of the long bones of the body
Contains the growth plate for bones to become longer
Contains the area for tendons and ligaments to attach to
Diaphysis
the long part of bones where marrow is found
This part has the “nutrient foramen”, or opening for blood
Vessels to enter and exit the bone bringing nutrition and oxygen
Osseous
Tissue
the hard material bones are made up of
Pertiosteum the tough fibrous layer of collagen that covers the bone
Tendons attach to this part of the bone
Enamel
the tough covering of teeth
Osteoblasts bone forming cells. They line up in rows and recoat the
Layering of bone tissue. Live cells. When there is bone damage
These cells will come and repair the bone tissue
Osteoclasts bone dissolving cells. Contains collagen. When collagen is
Removed from bones, they become brittle. Animal proteins
Cause this condition to bones when ingested.
Bone marrow-red
Is found in the middle of long bones… Bone marrow creates
Red blood cells
Bone marrow-yellow
Is found in the middle of long bones…it acts similar to fatty
Tissues for the body. Does not form/create red blood cells
Gelatinous tissue
Old age causes yellow bone marrow to into this type of tissue
Older people sometimes take “gelatin” supplements to increase
The strength of their bones.
Use of bones:
Support
Protection of organs
Reservoir of calcium and phosphate
Source of red blood cells
Growth hormones like estrogen and progesterone stimulate growth of bones
in women
Growth hormones like testosterone stimulates growth in males
Excess activity of osteoclasts produces osteoporosis,, common in
menopausal women
Bones become brittle/thinner, and weaken
The epiphyseal plate on bones will seal when you are done growing.
Your skeletal bones grow because of the addition of osteoblasts to bones to
make them longer and denser..
Animal proteins increase the amount of osteoclasts and make bones weaker
or brittle
At birth, you have about 270 bones,,, some made out of cartilage(soft bone
tissue)
As you age, these cartilage type bones seal off and decrease to a bit over 200
total bones at puberty
Types of bones
Short and irregular
bones that do not contain bone marrow for
Red blood cell growth
Phalanges/carpal/metacarpal
Flat bones
have outer and inner coverings have bone marrow
For blood cell growth
Skull/cranium/ribs/sternum
Long bones
limbs
Two types of skeletons
Axial
forms the central supporting skeleton
Appendicular
includes limbs/legs/arms
Planes of Anatomy
Transverse Plane going horizontal to the ground/separates superior
From inferior
Frontal Plane
moving from a superior to inferior plane/separates
Anterior from posterior
Sagittal/Medial
going perpendicular to the body/divides body into halves
Left/right from the crown to the bottom of the body
Shows medial and lateral positions