Bio 2010
GUIDED NOTES: CELL STRUCTURES/CHAPTER 7.2
Name:
Date:
Class:
1. What are the major parts of a prokaryotic cell? __________________________
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2. What is the shape of the DNA within the prokaryotic cell? Where is the DNA
located?
_______________________________________________________________
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3. What is the major structural difference between a prokaryotic cell and a
eukaryotic cell?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4. While you were at the benches, you observed a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic
cell. Sketch them below and label all of the structures you can.
Prokaryotic Cell
Eukaryotic Cell
5. The process by which the DNA code becomes written in the mRNA molecule is
called ____________________. In eukaryotic cells this process takes place _____
_________________________. The process by which the code in mRNA directs
the synthesis of a protein is called ________________________. This process
takes place on ___________________.
FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS, DRAW THE ASSOCIATED
STRUCTURE AND ANSWER THE QUESTION:
6. The majority of a eukaryotic cell’s DNA is located within the ________________.
Drawing/Sketch
7. Ribosomes are created within the __________________.
8. DNA’s structure can be as:________________ or in:____________________.
9. Ribosomes can be embedded in the _______________________ or can float in
the _________________.
Drawing/Sketch
10. Ribosomes have ____________ subunits and combine ________ _______ to
form proteins.
11. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) processes proteins for ____________.
12. Smooth ER (SER) synthesizes _______________ instead of modifying proteins.
Drawing/Sketch (both RER and SER!)
13. After the ER, proteins can be sent to the __________________ which can
further modify the protein.
14. DRAW OUT YOUR OWN “ONE MINUTE” SKETCH FOR THE PROCESS OF DNA
PROTEIN  MEMBRANE:
Drawing/Sketch
15. The outer cell or plasma membrane is ___________ permeable. This means that
certain items can pass through while others can’t. Molecules such as __________ and
water can pass through because they are _____________.
16. The outer cell or plasma membrane has (circle all that apply) sticking to it and/or
through it:
Embedded proteins
Carbohydrates
Acids
Bases
Enzymes
Sugars
Channels
Drawing/Sketch
*remember, the model name used to describe the plasma membrane is the
FLUID MOSAIC MODEL.
17. Lysosomes act like garbage trucks. What would happen to the cell if the lysosomes
didn’t work?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Drawing/Sketch
18. Vacuoles provide water and structural support in ___________, and can pump
water out of cells to help maintain _________________.
Drawing/Sketch
19. Another place where DNA is found in eukaryotic cells are the ______________
and the _______________. It is believed that these ORGANELLES were separate
organisms before being harnessed as the energy provider for other cells (they had
‘invaded’) because of the presence of their own DNA. ________________ and
______________ have incredibly high surface area to volume ratios. These ratios
help them with their task of providing energy to the cell.
20. Drawing of the two structures:
Fill in the Labels
A: ________________________
B: ________________________
C: ________________________
D: ________________________
E: ________________________
W: _______________________
X: _______________________
Y: _______________________
Z: _______________________
21. TABLE FOR 7.2
NAME
SKETCH
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
(Smooth and
Rough)
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
STRUCTURE
FUNCTION
Vacuoles
Mitochondrion
Chloroplasts
Cytoskeleton
22. Create your own analogy for cell some of the common cell structures (each one
needs a justification).
Example: I consider a football team to be like a cell. The head coach is like the
nucleus, who provides the plays and information for the team. The offensive line is
like the membrane, selectively allowing certain people to pass through it.
Nucleus: _________________________________________________________
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Ribosome: ________________________________________________________
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Cell membrane: ____________________________________________________
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Cell Wall: _________________________________________________________
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Chloroplast: _______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
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Mitochondrion: ____________________________________________________
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Vacuole: _________________________________________________________
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Lysosome: ________________________________________________________
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