Chemistry of Life (biochemistry)
Matter & Substances
3.1 NOTES!!!!
________:
the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of
the element; smallest unit of matter.
Subatomic particles (+ charges and location):
1.
2.

3.

_________:
a substance made up of atoms that have the same number of
protons.
Vocab…
Isotope: atoms of the same element that have different #s of _________.
Chemical bonds: hold 2 or more atoms together (form in order to
become __________).
*break bonds  energy is __________.
*form bonds  energy is ___________.
____________:
a substance made of the bonded atoms of 2 or more
different elements (ex. H2O)
_______:
an atom (or group of atoms) that has lost or gained an e-.
lose an e-  __ charge.
gain
an e-  __ charge.
examples…
H+,
OH-, Na+
3
types of chemical bonds
(1) Ionic bond: attractive force between ions w/ opposite charges…result:
compound w/ no electrical charge…NaCl (Na+ & Cl-); fig. 3 pg. 53.
(2) Covalent bond: occurs when atoms in a compound share valence e-;
forms molecules (and compounds); strongest type of bonds
*single bond: shares _____ pairs of e-.
*double bond: shares _____ pairs of e-.
*triple bond: shares _____ pairs of e-.
*examples…H20, C02, 02, N2

(3)
Hydrogen bond: a hydrogen bond is a region of charge or attraction
between polar molecules.
“polarity” or “polar molecules”: molecules with partial charges on
opposite ends (or “poles”); example: water molecule.
remember,
opposite charges attract—this is true for “partially charged”
atoms too!
H-bonds
play important roles in many of the molecules that make up
living things (ex. DNA).
Quick Lab…modeling! Using the Periodic Table of Elements
Colored marshmallows
Chalk