Layers of the Earth
Unit 5
parts, the ______________
and the __________________
ES.7 The student will investigate and understand
geologic processes including plate tectonics. Key concepts
include
1. geologic processes and their resulting features; and
2. tectonic processes.
The core, mantle, and crust of the Earth are dynamic
systems that are constantly in motion
The Earth is divided into layers by _________________
The Outer Core is
and the Inner Core is
due to the ______
from the weight of
all the matter in the Mantle and Crust.
As the Earth solidified during the formation of the solar
system elements with higher density were drawn toward
the center of the Earth by
It has a pressure of ____________million times that of the
surface and this pressure keeps the metals in solid state
Inner Core is solid and is made of the densest material. It is
believed to be comprised of _____________ &
_________________
The core of the Earth is composed of the
elements___________ & ___________, it makes up
______________percent of Earth's volume and___________
percent
of Earth's mass
The core of the Earth is divided into two
The Inner Core is
km deep with a temperature of
____ degrees celsius. The Outer Core is
km deep and is from
degrees
Celsius getting hotter moving toward the center of the
Earth.
The largest layer of the Earth is the _____________Earth's
Mantle makes up ________________ percent of Earth's
volume and is made up of ___________, ____________ and
_____________________.
The
_____of the Earth is a
___________________outer layer of the Earth. It is
only________ percent of the volume of the Earth.
Oceanic crust is comprised mainly of the rock
___________________
Continental crust is comprised mainly of the rock
___________________
The mantle material heats up and rises and then
cools and sinks.
heats up and
_____
___________
and then cools and
. This circular pattern of movement
within the mantle (called a
________pushes the
lithospheric plates as they float. The movement and
interaction of these plates causes most of the
__________________________on Earth's surface.
Continental Drift
Explain how the lithosphere is ________into plates that are
in motion (compression, tension, and shearing) with
respect to one another (because of convection currents in
the mantle).
The core, _______________, and crust of the Earth are
dynamic systems that are constantly in motion
Throughout the typical human lifespan the Earth’s surface
appears to remain relatively _____________________
On the geologic timescale the surface is constantly moving
Continental crust makes up the land masses. This thicker,
less dense material allows the continents to rise above sea
back and forth swallowing and ______________oceans and
continental mass as it goes
level and remain dry for very long periods
Early mapmakers were the first to suggest that the
The ______________ and the upper part of the
continents appear to have ________________at one time
_____________ together make up the _____________
The Lithosphere is about
__
up into several solid __________
thick and is broken
that are moved by
Alfred _____________a German scientist was the first to
propose this theory to the scientific community in the early
_______________
within the___________. The
is a plastic layer near the bottom of the
Pangea was the name for this supercontinent that began to
Lithosphere.
break up about __________________years ago
Most of the mantle is in solid or plastic form
Wegener’s theories were not accepted at the time because
(_________________________________)
his explanations were not supported by ________________
As the very hot core heats the material in the Mantle it
causes the material to move in a
His explanation for movement was that the ______________
plowed through the seafloor crust like moving islands
His explanation for the reason why the continents moved
In the early 1960’s new evidence revealed the process on
was the spinning of the ______________
how the continents could indeed move
Advances in sonar technology in the 1940’s and 50’s
allowed us to begin to accurately map the seafloor
Although his explanations for the reason the continents
drifted were incorrect there was still convincing evidence
that they were indeed once together
__________________ in the Appalachian Mountains
matched up with ones in Greenland.
_________________ found in South America and Africa
Magnetometer is a device that can detect small changes in
were especially strong
magnetic fields
Bones from the _____________ and Kannemeyerid were
This evidence proved that the seafloor was not flat and
found in the same rock formations in Brazil and Chad
featureless as once thought. Vast underwater
__________________and deep trenches were discovered.
Even _________ ___________from ancient Ice ages were
Earthquakes and volcanic activity was prevalent in certain
found to match perfectly .
parts and ____________ in others
Climatic evidence found that there were coal deposits in
Antarctica suggesting that continent was at one time much
closer to the ___________
Alfred Wegener died in 1930 never having seen the
acceptance of his controversial theory
•
Isochron is a line on a map that connects points
that are the same age
The ocean floor was found to be much younger than the
continental crust
The thickness of the layers of sediments
________________with the distance on either side of the
ocean ridges
Once scientists were able to bring sea floor samples to the
surface they were able to determine that a record of the
•
Once scientists had compiled all the topographic,
sedimentary, age and magnetic data an American
scientist named Harry Hess proposed a theory that
could explain the observations
____________________states that new ocean crust is
formed at the ocean ridges, moves outward in both
directions, then ___________at the deep sea trenches
seafloor was being kept by Earth’s ______________field
Paleomagnetism is the study of this ____________record
using data gathered from___________ -bearing minerals
The magnetic records for the seafloor on
_______________of the mid-ocean ridges matched
perfectly showing that the seafloor was growing outward
from the ridges in ________directions
Answer the following using your notes:
1. From the outside going inside, identify the 4 layers of
the Earth and include a sentence to describe each:
3.
2.
What is the lithosphere?
What is Pangea? Who developed this idea? What
evidence was used to promote this theory?