Introduction to Anatomy
Understanding Anatomy
 It’s the_________________ of many health care professions
 An ATC needs to have an excellent ____________ of anatomy in order to _____________ what
structures have been injured
 They also need to understand what constitutes ________________ movements in order to
design appropriated __________________ and strength conditioning programs
Anatomical position
 There is a particular ______________ of the body which all medical professionals use as a
_________________.
 Refers to an erect _________, arms at the _________, and palms facing ____________.
 The body ________ in relation to 3 planes
 Frontal Sagittal TransverseCommon Medical Terms of Location
 Anterior Ex. Anterior aspect of the lower leg means the front of the leg was injured
 ______________-refers to the back of the body
 Ex. If the back of the knee hurts, it’s the posterior aspect of the knee
 Medial –______________________ (sagittal plane)
 ________________-towards the outside (sagittal plane)
 Proximal-________________________________ (such as where the limb attaches to the trunk)
 Ex. The shoulder is proximal to the elbow
 ______________-means away from the attachment
 The knee is distal to the hip
 Superior The knee is superior to the ankle
 _____________-refers to one point being lower than another
 The pelvis is inferior to the ribs
 Dorsal ___________-refers to the anterior aspect of the foot or hand
 Superficial ___________-means away from the body’s surface
Bones
 Bones have 3 primary ________________
 Protect vital ______________ and _________________ from trauma
 Bones are stiff structures that are acted on by _____________ to create _____________
 Bones are __________________ active; they produce ____________ cells and store
_____________
**bones also protect the nerves and blood vessels that travel alongside them
Skeleton
 Made up of approximately ______ bones and an astounding number of _____________
 The skeleton is categorized into 2 parts:
 Axial skeleton AppendicularTypes of Bones
 ____________ (like the femur)
 At the end of each long bone is an area where growth occurs
 Called the ____________ (growth plate)
 Vulnerable to injury during ______________________
 ___________(like the metacarpals)
 __________ (like the scapula)
 ______________ (like the vertebra)
Cartilage
 Covers the ________ of long bones and can be found ____________ bones.
 Functions of cartilage:
 _________________ (example: the ribs and sternum)
 Absorb _________
 Permit smooth bone _____________
Muscles
 Contractions allow the body to:




**muscles produce heat as well
Ligaments and Tendons
 Both are composed of _____________ tissue
 Tendons attach ___________ to __________
 Transmit the force that a muscle exerts
 Ligaments connect ____________
 Help form ________
Classification of Joints
 ___________________ (aka synovial joints)
 Consist of a _________________, synovial membrane, hyaline cartilage, and
______________
 Examples are ________ joints (elbow and knee) and ____________ or ball-and-socket
joints (shoulder and hip)
 ______________________-have cartilage attaching 2 bones together
 Aka cartilaginous joints
 Example is where the ribs __________ the sternum
 ______________________-held together by tough connective tissue and are basically
immovable
 Aka fibrous joints
 This type of joint joins the _________ of the skull and the tibia and fibula of the lower
leg
Movement terminology
 ______________-a bending movement around a joint in a limb away from its straightened
position
 Extension-a straightening ____________ around a joint to _________ it to anatomical position
 ______________-movement away from the midline of the body
 Adduction-movement __________the midline of the body
 ________________-a movement that turns the palm of the hand downward as if it were
emptying a bowl of soup
 Supination-a movement that turns the palm of the hand ____________ as if it were holding a
bowl of soup
 ______________-a movement that turns the sole of the foot inward, toward the midline of the
body
 Eversion-a movement that turns the sole of the foot ___________, away from the __________
of the body
 _______________-movement of the scapulas away from one another
 Retraction-when the scapulas are moved or pulled __________
 _________________-the spinning or turning movement of a bony segment around an axis
 Circumduction-movement of a limb in a ______________ pattern