Name _____________________________
Period: _____
Ch. 2.1 Test Review
Internal Environment of Organisms
Organelle
My Biology test is on: ______________________________
Description
Function
Animal, Plant or Both
CELL WALL
Rigid, tough, made of
cellulose
Protects and supports
the cell
Plant
CELL MEMBRANE
Thin, covering, protects
cells
Protects the cell,
performs active transport
and passive transport,
moves materials in and
out of the cell,
communication
Both
CYTOPLASM
Jelly like substance that
contains organelles
Pads and supports
organelles inside the cell.
Moves by cyclosis
Both
NUCLEUS
Dense, ball shaped
structure, contains DNA
Controls all of the cell’s
activities
Both
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
Thin covering over the
nucleus
Covers and protects the
nucleus
Both
ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
Clear, tubular system of
tunnels throughout the
cell
Transports materials like
proteins around the cell
Both
RIBOSOME
Small specks made of
RNA. Found in cytoplasm
or on the endoplasmic
reticulum
Makes proteins
Both
MITOCHONDRIA
Location in the
cytoplasm, bean shaped
Supplies energy or ATP
for the cell through cell
respiration using glucose
and oxygen
Both
VACUOLE
Large open storage area,
smaller in animal cells
Storage tank for food,
water, wastes or
enzymes
Both
CHLOROPLAST
Green structures that
contain chlorophyll
Captures sunlight and
uses it to produce food
through photosynthesis
Plant
GOLGI BODY
Small bags with tubes
connecting them
Packages and secrets
proteins for use in and
out of the cell
Both
LYOSOME
Small, round structures,
Digests older cell parts,
Both
533575315
CENTRIOLE
containing enzymes
food or other objects
Small cylindrical
Used with the spindle
apparatus during mitosis
Animal
Complete the following table by writing the name of the cell part or organelle in the right hand column that
matches the structure/function in the left hand column. A cell part may be used more than once.
Structure/Function
Cell Part
Stores material within the cell
NUCLEUS
Site of photosynthesis
CHLOROPLAST
The sites of protein synthesis
RIBOSOMES
Jelly-like substance in the cell
CYTOPLASM
Provides energy for cell: site for cellular respiration
MITOCHONDRIA
Organelle that manages or controls all the cell functions in a eukaryotic cell
NUCLEUS
Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight and gives
plants their green color
CHLOROPLAST
Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or
bacteria
LYSOSOME
Small bumps located on portions of the Rough endoplasmic reticulum
RIBOSOMES
Produces lipids
SMOOTH ER
Firm, protective structure that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most
bacteria and some protests
CELL WALL
Produces a usable form of energy for the cell
MITOCHONDRIA
Packages proteins for transport out of the cell
GOLGI BODIES
The membrane surrounding the cell
CELL MEMBRANE
Provides support for the cell (plant cell only)
CELL WALL
Composed of a phospholipid bilayer
CELL MEMBRANE
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Put a check in the appropriate column(s) to indicate whether the following organelles are found in plant cells,
animal cells or both.
Plant
Cells
Organelle
Cell Wall
X
Chloroplast
X
Cytoplasm
X
Endoplasmic reticulum
X
Golgi bodies
Lysosome
Animal
Cells
Plant
Cells
Organelle
Animal
Cells
Mitochondria
X
X
Nucleus
X
X
Plasma membrane
X
X
X
Central vacuole
X
X
X
X
Ribosome
X
X
X
X
Centrioles
X
X
X
Describe the work or discoveries of each of the following scientists: PAGE 93
Hooke
Coined the term “cell”
Schleiden
Concluded all plants are made up of cells
Schwann
Concluded all animals are made up of cells
Virchow
New cells could only be produced from the division of pre-existing
cells
First to refine lens of a microscope to observe things with a
magnification over 200x the actual size
van Leeuwenhoek
**Put a star next to the scientist above that is known as the Father of Microscopy.**
What are the three parts of the cell theory?
1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
2. The cell is the most basic unit of life (Structure & function)
3. Pre-existing cells
In what organelle does cellular respiration take place?
Mitochondria
What is the list of organelles that take part in protein synthesis?
Ribosomes & Rough ER
How is the nucleus involved in protein synthesis?
DNA is contained in the nucleus, then it is sent out into the ribosomes which is then assembled into proteins
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What do ribosomes do? Are they found freely floating in the cytoplasm? Are they found attached to another
organelle? Both? Explain why this occurs.
Site for protein synthesis, free floating and attached to another organelle
What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?
Smooth ER : Acts as a storage organelle. It is important in the creation and storage of lipids. Looks like tubes
Rough ER: Synthesis and packaging of proteins. Looks like sheets or disks of bumpy membranes
What are lysosomes? What types of molecules would be found inside a lysosome?
Contains digestive enzymes to break down proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.
Why might a lysosome fuse with or link up with a food vacuole?
To digestive & break down proteins, lipids and carbohydrates
In what organelle do molecules move from the ER to the Golgi bodies?
Ribosomes/Proteins
What is a centriole? In what type of cell (plant or animal) is it found? What does it do for the cell?
Necessary for animal cell division
What is the difference between a simple and compound microscope?
A simple microscope uses only 1 lens. A compound microscope has 2 or more lenses
What is the difference between the scanning and transmission electron microscopes?
TEM can magnify a sample up to 1 million times and SEM can magnify a sample up to 100,000 times.
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