PLIT08004 Course Guide 2011- 2012
Course organiser:
Dr Wilfried Swenden
w.swenden@ed.ac.uk
CMB 3.05, tel 650 4255
Office hours: Monday: 11.30-1.30
Course secretary:
Mrs Ruth Nicol
CMB G.04/5, tel 650 4457
Politics_ir.sso@ed.ac.uk
Office hours: Mon-Fri, 10.00-12.00; 14.00-16.00
University of Edinburgh
News and events in Politics/IR: www.pol.ed.ac.uk
Contents
Introduction to IPIR
Course aims, objectives and eligibility
Course communication
3
3
3
Content and Structure of Course
Overview of Contents
Structure: Lectures and Tutorials
4
4
5
Assessment, Regulations and Deadlines
Essay Assignment
Essay submission (paper copy; electronic copy)
Plagiarism detection and avoidance
Examination/Assessment feedback/learning difficulties
6
7
7
8
8
Readings: General Guidance
Course Textbooks
Using the Library
Using the Internet
9
9
9
11
Readings by Topic
What is Politics?
What is IR?
Power and society
Power and Sovereignty
The State
States and Foreign Policy
Anarchy and Independence
Globalization
Morality and IR
Ideology
Nationalism
Sub-state Nationalism
Elections and Voting
Political Parties
Political Activism
Political Leadership & Executives
Legislatures & Representation
12
12
13
14
15
17
17
18
19
20
22
23
24
24
26
27
28
29
Student Representation
Contacts
Further Study of Politics
Appendices
WebCT guide
Guide to Referencing
Essay Writing Guidance
Essay Feedback Form
Past IPIR Exam Questions
32
33
34
35
35
36
38
39
40
Lecture Programme: Overview
41
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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WELCOME TO IPIR
Introduction to IPIR
This course is designed to be interesting, exciting and enriching. For best results, please:

Read this course guide carefully

Ensure that you are PREPARED for every meeting of the course

See your tutor if you have difficulties
Course Aims and Objectives
Aims
Introduction to Politics and International Relations (IPIR) seeks to provide:

an introduction to concepts relevant to both Politics and International Relations (IR)

an introduction to key institutions of modern states, and current debates surrounding their operation

an examination of states and their place in the international system.
Objectives
By the end of IPIR we would expect students to be able to:

demonstrate knowledge of key concepts in the study of politics and IR;

exhibit comparative knowledge of different political institutions and their theoretical and practical
significance;

apply their knowledge to the understanding of contemporary issues and problems in (especially)
contemporary democratic states.
Course Eligibility
There is a quota of 350 students on this course. Students will be admitted in the following order:
1. First year students admitted to a Politics or International Relations degree (Single or Joint) (pre-registered)
2. Visiting Students holding an offer of a place in the course from the College Office; (guaranteed a place)
3. First year students whose main subject is in the School of Social and Political Science (SSPS);(guaranteed a
place)
4. First year students whose main subject has a joint degree with Politics (guaranteed a place);
5. Students taking second-year SSPS half-courses; (students must register with the Politics Undergraduate
Office and attend the first lecture)
6. First year students taking BSc (Soc Sci) or MA (General – students must register with the Politics
Undergraduate Office and attend the first lecture)
7. Other first year students taking Honours degrees in College of Humanities and Social Science (e.g. English
Literature, Linguistics; Psychology; Business Studies – students must register with the Politics
Undergraduate Office and attend the first lecture)
Please note: because of the high numbers of students enrolled, this course will not be able to admit students from outside the
College of Humanities and Social Science.
Course Communication
This guide should be read in conjunction with the School of Social and Political Science (SPSS) Student Handbook
which is distributed to all Year and 1 students in the School and contains important rules and guidance. It is
available on line at: http://www.sps.ed.ac.uk/undergrad/year_1_2/index
The Course Organiser for IPIR is Dr Wilfried Swenden (w.swenden@ed.ac.uk).
In the first instance, however, it is always best to direct queries related to the course to your own tutor or to the
Politics/IR undergraduate office
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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The Politics/International Relations Undergraduate Office is Room G04/5, Chrystal Macmillan Building (CMB). It
is open Mon-Fri, 10.00-12.00; 14.00-16.00. The Politics/IR Secretary is Ruth Nicol. Her phone number is 0131 650
4457 and her email: Ruth.Nicol@ed.ac.uk
WebCT
This course will be using a web-based learning environment (WebCT) which you access via the MyEd Portal
https://www.myed.ed.ac.uk and which provides easy access to essential course materials (see Appendix 1: Guide
to using WebCT). In addition to lecture slides and readings, the WebCT page for this course also functions as a
virtual notice board, and a place to access other key course materials. You should check it regularly through the
MyEd portal.
Important note: Students will be contacted by the course organiser and/or course secretary by email to their
Edinburgh University Account. Check your university email account regularly. You can set the university
account to forward mail to other accounts (eg hotmail), but we will NOT email those accounts directly.
Contact details for the IPIR teaching team can be found on page 33 of this guide.
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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Overview of Contents
This course aims to do exactly what it says on the tin: introduce Politics and International Relations (IR) as subjects
of academic inquiry. It is designed with the needs of students reading for both degrees in Politics and IR in mind.
The different emphases and conceptual frameworks of scholarship in these sub-disciplines will be highlighted. But
we will also consider where Politics and IR connect and share methods, analytical concerns, and common insights.
The course is principally concerned with what questions: that is, what is Politics? what is IR? But it is also
preoccupied with how questions (‘How should we study nationalism?’ ‘How is power dispersed through
society?’) and why questions (‘Why don’t more people vote?’ ‘Why is it so difficult to eliminate poverty in the
developing world?’).
The course covers most (not all) of the main subjects with which the study of Politics and IR is concerned. The
emphasis is on breadth more than depth. Our main focus will be on concepts, such as ‘liberalism’, ‘power’,
‘devolution’, and ‘anarchy’. As such, IPIR is designed to equip you with a conceptual tool-kit that will prove
useful to you in your later courses, most of which allow you to focus in more depth on topics of particular interest
to you.
The course covers subjects that are living, breathing, and current. Wherever possible, we will strive to incorporate
contemporary examples from the ‘real world’ of Politics and IR to illustrate key concepts, themes, and questions.
You are encouraged to do the same in your own work for the course.
We do not assume that you have studied these subjects previously (i.e., at Highers or A level). But the course is
taught at a University level. In your written assignments (essay plus exam), you are expected to show knowledge
of the subject based on your lectures, tutorials, and your own private study of the core course materials (plus, in
the case of your essay, materials beyond the required reading).
We expect you to spend at least as much time working (reading and writing) on your own for this course as you
spend in the classroom. We expect you to prepare for each and every lecture and tutorial, and never to turn up
‘cold’ to either (that is, in a position where the subject of the session is entirely new and unfamiliar to you).
The course, like the subjects it covers, is thematically rich and diverse. However, the three main themes that run as
red threads through the course (and which you are encouraged to reflect upon throughout) are:
 The questions we seek to answer are complicated ones.
 Politics and IR are about resolving conflicts, not eliminating them.
 The line separating national from international politics is vanishing.
Structure: Lectures and Tutorials
Lectures:
Lectures are held in the George Square Lecture Theatre. There are normally two lectures each week of the semester
- Mondays and Thursdays at 15.00 (check the lecture programme on the back page of this handout for details).
If you wish to do well in IPIR, it is essential to integrate what you learn from lectures, reading and tutorials. The
lectures are a supplement to, not a substitute for, reading and tutorial participation. You should listen critically to
the lectures; they will provide an outline of what the lecturers consider to be important and interesting. You will
then have to fill the gaps by reading thoroughly, and by engaging in tutorial discussions.
Lecture topics are summarised in the course guide immediately above the list of required and additional readings.
All our lecturers use power point slides during the lecture.
Lecture slides from the lecturer’s power point presentation will be available shortly after each lecture on the
WebCT Page.
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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Why no lecture slides before the lecture??
There are good reasons for and against providing slides before the lecture. For this course the teaching team has decided to post the slides
immediately after the lecture. A crucial skill at university is note-taking - learning how to listen to what is said and determine what is worth
writing down. If notes are provided for students beforehand students will not have the same chance to develop this skill which most students
master by the end of Year 1. Note, however, that under our practice no student attending will miss any important lecture information because
the slides are provided after the lecture on WebCT. Students with a verified learning disability who may need more lecture information prior to
lecture should pay particular attention to the lecture topic summaries provided in the course guide. We have approved this format with the
Disability office.
Please note these lecture slide hand-outs are not a substitute for lecture attendance or diligent reading. They are
(for the most part) guides to what is important in terms of themes or major debates, and thus what you need to
think about for yourself. They are not a source of academic evidence or ‘right answers’. Be careful not to
regurgitate handout information verbatim on your exam or essays. Doing so is likely to affect (adversely) your
mark. Politics is a subject that cannot be learned by rote!
Tutorials:
Tutorials are held once a week during the semester, beginning week 2. The purpose of tutorials is to deepen your
knowledge of the material to which you have been introduced in lectures and in your reading. Tutorials
encourage you to articulate and develop ideas for yourselves in small group discussion. The tutorials for this
course will be led by experienced teachers. Your tutor will provide contact details, further tutorial guidelines and a
specific tutorial programme in your first tutorial which meets the second week of the semester.
Important note! Attendance at tutorials is compulsory. Students who attend fewer than 6 out of 9 tutorials in a
semester will have their final mark reduced by one percentage point for each unapproved absence above the
threshold. Students more than 15 minutes late will be marked as absent. See SSPS Student Handbook for
procedures should you need to miss a tutorial: http://www.sps.ed.ac.uk/undergrad/year_1_2/on_being_a_student
Tutorial sign on:
Tutorials start in Week 2. You are required to sign yourself on to a tutorial group via WebCT. You should do this
as soon as possible as tutorials fill up quickly and space is limited. Make sure you register by the end of Week 1 in
any event. Information on tutorial sign on via WebCT is included in Appendix 1 on p.35
Assessment Weighting
Assessment is made up of:
 One essay (in both electronic and hard copy format): 40% due Wednesday 26 October 2011, 15.00 (3pm)
 Degree examination (held between 12-21 Dec 2011): 60%
Note there is also an optional, non-assessed assignment, see p.8 and WebCT
Coursework: Regulations and Deadlines
One piece of assessed written work – an essay – is required in IPIR. It should be a maximum of 1500 words long.
Essays that are longer than 1500 words long will lose marks (see the SSPS student handbook).
One hard copy of your essay must be submitted by 15.00 (3pm) on Wednesday 26 October 2011. You must also,
and by the same deadline, submit an electronic version via Turnitin on WebCT. Instructions for submission follow
below.
Guidance on writing essays and explanations of marks are provided in the SSPS student handbook (see also
Appendices 3-5 of this handout). You should also consult a copy of the essay feedback form in this guide which
you will receive back with your marked essay (Appendix 4). Review it before handing in your essay to remind
yourself of the criteria on which you will be marked.
Essay Assignment
To note:
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
6






Make sure you reference adequately and properly: you will lose points if you do not. See Appendix 2 for
guidance.
Make sure you write clearly and well. See Appendix 3 for guidance.
Familiarise yourself with the essay marking criteria. An example of an essay feedback form is included in
Appendix 4
Your essay should not exceed 1500 words (excluding bibliography). Nor should it be significantly shorter
than this length.
Be very sure you understand and follow the guidelines on avoiding plagiarism as outlined in the SSPS
Student handbook: http://www.sps.ed.ac.uk/undergrad/year_1_2/what_is_plagiarism. Before submitting
your essay you will be asked to sign a statement verifying that you have understood and followed these
guidelines.
Refer to the SPSS student handbook for guidance on essay submission (and extension requests), essay
writing and marking criteria. http://www.sps.ed.ac.uk/undergrad/year_1_2/index
Select one of the following essay questions:
1: Is it possible to be both scientific and normative in the study of politics and international
relations?
2. How well does pluralist theory explain the distribution of power in modern society? Refer
to at least two contemporary political issues in your answer.
3. Critically examine the view that ‘international relations are dominated by states because
only they posses sovereignty’.
4. Which theoretical perspective sheds the most light on international relations in the 21st
century. Illustrate your answer with specific examples.
5. Explain how globalization has changed the role of the state?
Submission of Essay (ONE PAPER COPY)
Written work must be submitted by 15.00 (3pm) on Wednesday 26 October 2011. Lateness penalties take effect
immediately after 15.00 (i.e. an essay submitted at 15:15pm will incur a full day’s lateness penalty).
Penalties for late submission (set by the College of Humanities and Social Sciences):
 Five marks per working day (i.e. excluding weekends) for up to 5 days
 Coursework handed in more than 5 days late will receive a zero
The procedure for submitting the essay is as follows:
 Submit one hard copy of the essay. You must In addition, and by the same deadline, also submit an
electronic version via WebCT (see below)
 Put only your Exam number on each copy of the essay. DO NOT put your name anywhere on the essay.
Essays are marked anonymously.
 Complete one Essay Front Coversheet (making sure you complete the Plagiarism Statement at the bottom
of it), and staple coversheet to the essay. Coversheets will be available in the foyer of CMB.
 Post the completed essays into the Politics Essay Box which is located outside room G.04/05 of the
Chrystal Macmillan Building.
NOTE: All students should pay particular attention when completing the Plagiarism Statement. If it is not
completed correctly, coursework will not be marked. Coursework will not be marked if a student has failed to
upload an essay to WebCT.
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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Be sure to consult the SSPS student handbook for rules and further information on coursework submission
procedures, marking criteria, plagiarism, penalties for late/over-long essays, as well as information on requesting
extensions. See:
http://www.sps.ed.ac.uk/undergrad/year_1_2/assessment_and_regs
Submission of essay (electronic copy via Turnitin - Remember that you must hand in both one hard copy and one
electronic copy of your essay by 15.00 on Wednesday 26 October 2011.
PLEASE NOTE: THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS MAY BE DIFFERENT TO THOSE ON OTHER COURSES
Please follow these instructions to submit the electronic copy of your essay to Turnitin via WebCT:
1. Log in to WebCT via MyEd and click on the course for which you have to submit an essay to Turnitin.
2. Go to the ‘Click here to submit your essay’ link to submit your essay to the Turnitin assignment inbox. You should see a list
of the assignments you are expected to submit, along with the due dates.
3. To begin the submission process click on the ‘submit’ icon which is found in the submit column.
4. Your name should be automatically filled in on the form. Type in the submission title as the form cannot be sent unless all
the fields are complete.
5. Next, click on the ‘Browse’ button to open your computer’s file browser and use it to browse to the document you wish to
submit. Make sure the drop down box at the top of the form still says ‘submit a paper by: file upload’. Before clicking on the
‘submit’ button, make sure that all the fields in the form are complete (if you leave one blank you will receive an error message
and the file upload box will be cleared). Click the ‘submit’ button when you are happy you are submitting the correct file.
6. At this point, a plain text version of the essay will be displayed to you (it won’t show any formatting, images, etc.). Review
this to ensure you are submitting the correct document (the document itself will be sent to the system in its original format). If
you are happy, click on the ‘Submit Paper’ button to submit your assignment. If you have made a mistake you can click on the
‘cancel, go back’ link, which will take you back to the submission form.
7. You’ve now submitted an assignment! A receipt from the system is displayed.
8. Click on the ‘go to portfolio’ link to return to the assignment inbox.
9. On returning to the assignment inbox, you can view your submission to make sure everything is as it should be.
10. Clicking on the title you gave your assignment opens a viewer that displays your submission and also contains the paper ID
which can be used by the administrators of the system to identify your work if there is a problem.
11. Clicking on the document icon in the contents column allows you to see your work in its original submitted format.
You can also follow this link for more detailed instructions:
http://www.ed.ac.uk/polopoly_fs/1.22364!fileManager/submitturnitinplwebct.pdf
Please note that late submissions are unlikely to be accepted by the Turnitin system and you should contact the Subject
Secretary, Ruth Nicol (ruth.nicol@ed.ac.uk), if you are unable to submit your electronic copy.
Plagiarism detection
The School uses the ‘Turnitin’ system to check that essays submitted for first and second-year courses do not
contain plagiarised material. Turnitin compares every essay submitted against a constantly-updated database,
which highlights all plagiarised work (including previously submitted essays).
It is crucial that you understand what plagiarism is and that you avoid it (that is why we have you sign a form to
that effect).
Please make sure you read carefully the helpful advice on the School’s webpage:
http://www.sps.ed.ac.uk/undergrad/year_1_2/what_is_plagiarism.
Examination
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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The exam will last 2 hours. It will take place during the December exam diet (12-21 Dec 2011). Candidates are required
to answer two questions from several options divided into two sections. Exam dates are set by Registry. Closer to the
exam period the Registry will publish the exact time, date and location of your exam. Here is the Registry’s website:
http://www.registry.ed.ac.uk/Examinations/ Note the exam date is set by the university and is non-negotiable; you
are advised not to pre-book non-refundable flights or other travel arrangements which may clash with the exam date.
To pass IPIR students must gain a passing average in their degree examination and a passing average overall. The
pass mark for coursework and the examination is 40. For those failing or missing the exam a resit examination is held
in late August. It is the student's responsibility to check the resit timetable on the Registry's website
[http://www.registry.ed.ac.uk/], find the time and location of the resit exam and ensure they are present for that resit.
No formal registration is necessary and students will not be individually notified of the resit date and location.
Last year’s IPIR exam questions are attached to this course guide (Appendix 5), and past exam papers from earlier
years can be found via the main library's homepage at http://www.lib.ed.ac.uk. As last year, this year’s exam will
consist of two parts (one covering primarily politics topics and one covering international relations topics), and
students will be asked to answer one question from each part.
Revision lecture and exam preparation
On Thursday 24 November 2011 a Question/Answer and Revision session will be held during the usual lecture
slot. The course organiser, Dr Wilfried Swenden will address in the session substantive questions emailed by
students beforehand, go over sample questions, and offer tips on how best to prepare for the exam and perform
your best during the exam.
Exam performance and special circumstances
If you feel you have suffered from special circumstances which have adversely affected your exam or other
assessment it is your responsibility to report these special circumstances, including all relevant documentary
evidence, to your Director of Studies. Your DoS will then forward them to the IPIR Board of Examiners.
Please note that special circumstances refer to personal circumstances which are clearly beyond the student’s
control and for which there is sufficient documentary evidence. They need to be significant, unforeseen, beyond
the student’s control, applicable over a specifiable period with evident detrimental effects on student’s assessed
work. Examples of such situations are: death of a close relative during or immediately prior to the examination
period, or injury or illness that impaired the student’s performance substantially during the examination period.
Responsibility for producing the documentary evidence rests with the student.
Special circumstances must be submitted within a week of the affected assessment. Unless you have exceptional
reasons for not submitting within this time frame your circumstances can not be considered.
For further guidance see
http://www.ed.ac.uk/schools-departments/humanities-soc-sci/undergraduate-academic-admin/direction-ofstudies/special-circumstancesance:
Assessment Feedback
All students are provided with a mark and a feedback sheet with written comments on their essay (a specialised
feedback form is used, see Appendix 4). General exam feedback (on the exam as a whole and on specific questions) is
posted on WebCT after the exams have been marked and agreed. You will also have the opportunity to view your
exam. More information on feedback and how you can make the most of it is available on School website:
http://www.sps.ed.ac.uk/undergrad/year_1_2/feedback
Students with learning difficulties
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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Advice, guidance and a range of support materials are available to students with learning difficulties (such as
dyslexia). These students should contact – in advance of coursework deadlines – the Disability office for further
information. See: http://www.disability-office.ed.ac.uk
Readings: General Guidance
Course Textbooks
There are TWO required course texts:
Andrew Heywood (2007) Politics, 3rd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave
Chris Brown with Kirsten Ainley (2009) Understanding International Relations, 4th ed Basingstoke: Palgrave
You MUST read assigned chapters from both of these books. Both are available for sale (as a shrink-wrapped
‘package’ at a discount) from Blackwell’s bookshop (53-62 South Bridge, Edinburgh, 0131 622 8222). They and
other texts are also available at Word Power bookshop on 43 West Nicholson St. If you choose not to diligently
read these books, you are likely to do poorly in this course.
Other recommended Texts
There are some further texts that are recommended for this course – that is, they will prove useful throughout the
course and occasionally chapters from them will be listed as ‘required’ or ‘recommended reading’. If you plan to
continue studying Politics or IR they will also be useful in subsequent years.
 Robert Garner, et al (2009) Introduction to Politics (Oxford: OUP)
 Andrew Heywood (2011), Global Politics (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan)
 Charles W. Kegley Jr. and Raymond, G. (2010) The Global Future: A Brief Introduction to World Politics,
International edition, 3rd ed.
 Steve Smith, Amelia Hadfield and Tim Dunne (2007), eds., Foreign Policy (Oxford: Oxford University Press)
 Gerry Stoker (2007), Why Politics Matters (Basingstoke: Palgrave)
Using the Library
The reading material for this course is found in books, journals, newspapers and political weeklies, as well as in
official publications and internet sites. Almost all of this material is available in the Main University Library in
George Square, or through its electronic catalogue (www.lib.ed.ac.uk/lib/).
The library is still undergoing refurbishment, but it is now very accessible. You are also strongly encouraged to
make use of the growing amount of material available electronically. For further information click on the ‘Library’
link after logging into EASE (http://www.ease.ed.ac.uk).
Getting help in the Library
All first year students should obtain an Information Pack of introductory information on general services available
from the Main Library. If you have any queries, e.g., about using the computerised catalogue system, or where to
find a journal, do not hesitate to ask the library staff. A list of useful library and information resources for Politics
can be found on the library website at: www.lib.ed.ac.uk/lib/resbysub/politics.shtml
Books
The open shelves on the fourth floor hold short loan (1 week) and long or ‘standard’ loan (6 week) books. Most of
these are organised using the Library of Congress. Some relevant Library of Congress classifications are as follows:
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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J…: Politics; JA..: Ideology and theory; JC. ; Democracy; JF…: Comparative Politics;
JN…: European Politics; JX…: International Politics; JZ….:International Relations
A selection of high use material is kept in the Reserve Collection (HUB) on the Ground Floor. These titles are
arranged using the Library of Congress classification. Reserve Collection books may be borrowed on 3-hour or
overnight loan.
In all cases, it is best to check the library’s website for up-to-date information regarding progress of refurbishment
and changes in the main library’s collection: www.lib.ed.ac.uk/lib/news.
If you cannot locate on the catalogue a book listed on our course guide, please notify the course organiser Dr
Swenden (w.swenden@ed.ac.uk). NOTE: ‘Missing’ does not mean you cannot find it on the shelf; it means a title is
listed on the reading list but is not available in the library. Be sure to give Dr Swenden the precise title of the
missing work.
Academic journals
Articles in periodicals and journals are shorter and often more up-to-date than books. The current serials (most
recent journals and newspapers) are current kept on the 3rd floor.
E-journals
Several useful journals are ‘e-journals’ which means articles from them can be directly downloaded through the
library’s website. Under ‘simple search’, type in the name of the journal and the listing will indicate if the journal
is available electronically. Sometimes older issues of journals are available via JSTOR. These are also listed in the
library catalogue
Journals available electronically and particularly relevant for this course include:
British Journal of Political Science; Comparative Politics; Comparative Political Studies; Democratization; the Economist;
Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, Government and Opposition; International Affairs, International Security, Journal of
Democracy; Journal of Politics; Parliamentary Affairs; Political Quarterly, Political Studies, Politics, and West
European Politics. For reports on specific events or elections, Facts on File and Keesing's Record of World Events are
valuable data sources.
Please note that these links require an internet connection and some may require ‘EASE logon’ (to learn more about
gaining
off-campus
access
to
these
resources
consult
the
following
website:
http://www.lib.ed.ac.uk/resources/shibboleth.html
E-books


The library has an expanding collection of books that are available electronically. You are encouraged to
visit the following web-link regularly to look for materials that aid your study in the course (particularly if
you are having difficulty getting your hands on other kinds of reading):
http://www.lib.ed.ac.uk/resources/collections/ebooks
Several useful e-books may be found either in the ‘netlibrary’ or ‘Oxford Scholarship On-Line’ lists shown
at the link above.
E-reserve
We have placed several key readings on e-reserve which means they are available to you electronically through the
IPIR WebCT page (not through the library catalogue). These works are clearly indicated on the reading list as ‘ereserve’ readings. You need only click on the link on WebCT to arrive at the assigned reading.
Newspapers
One of the best ways of keeping abreast of current political developments is by careful reading of newspapers and
periodicals. Try to read a quality daily to keep up with how politics and IR evolve on a daily basis. The library also
receives several relevant foreign newspapers.
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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For a weekly review, see the Economist which offers a succinct, readable (if sometimes contentious) weekly
account of political and economic developments. The Economist also issues a weekly summary of world events,
Politics this Week, accessible at its website (http://www.economist.com) and also distributed by email.
Other libraries: there are several class libraries scattered throughout the University: as a student here you are
entitled to use most of them (although you will not always be able to borrow from them). For example, if a book is
marked 'Law' then it means it is in the Law Library (Old College) and you can find it there.
Using the Internet
In addition to the websites listed under the topic headings below, you can access many other sites covering various
dimensions of general and international politics. Remember: the internet is a wonderful resource when used
correctly, a poor research tool when used uncritically.
A word on Wikipedia: there’s nothing wrong with using this source for your own background information but do
not use or cite it as an authoritative source. Anyone with internet access can create or edit a Wikipedia entry and
these entries do not undergo scholarly review.
An excellent websource and search engine for students and academics is Intute, funded by the British education
and research councils. All material is evaluated and selected by a network of subject specialists to create a tailored
database. Please try it: http://www.intute.ac.uk/
Other useful, tailored websites:
 For general clearinghouse, we suggest you try the database accessible via the home page of the Political
Studies Association - http://www.psa.ac.uk/Content.aspx?ParentID=5 -, which provides links to a wealth of
politics resources on the Internet (e.g. on elections, constitutions, etc).

An useful source of IR topics is the virtual International affairs resources: http://www2.etown.edu/vl/
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Richard Kimber's Political Science Resources http://www.politicsresources.net/ is also useful, especially for
area studies material and links to other sites
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Freedom House (www.freedomhouse.org) contains much information from its annual surveys of the state of
freedom and democracy in the world.
 Newspaper blogs: Some newspapers and journals feature blogs which offer more up to date analysis and
reporting. Note, however, these sites have not undergone peer review. For IR themes, check out FP editors’
blog at http://blog.foreignpolicy.com/. For a global forum for debate about current political, economic and
foreign policy issues from a pro-democracy perspective, see http://www.opendemocracy.net/about
Going beyond the Reading list (or, take control of your reading!)
If you cannot find a particular book or journal, then find and read another. There is so much material of benefit to
students in an introductory course on Politics and IR – including material not on the readings lists – that ‘I cannot
find the reading material’ is a very poor excuse for doing badly in the course. The reading lists are designed to get
you started and set you thinking; they are not definitive. The assigned course textbooks contain useful guides to
further reading at the end of every chapter. Moreover, almost every item on the reading list will refer in its
footnotes to books and articles of related interest; check some of these references to see whether they are in the
library. Remember that there are also an increasing number of sources now available electronically. If you still
have difficulty finding the material you need, consult your tutor.
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
12
Readings by Lecture Topic
Guide to symbols
(e-reserve link) = see WebCT e-reserve link (not library catalogue) for e-copy
(e) = (e-journal or e-book ) electronic version available from library catalogue
(r) = multiple copies available, including 1 or more on Reserve Hub (3-hour) in the library
(sl) = available to borrow for (usually) 1 week
Where known library shelf marks are provided in the book listing
Remember also to consult the general websites and resources listed above.
Introduction
Dr Wilfried Swenden
Lecture 1: 19 Sept (Mon)
This lecture will provide an overview of the course eligibility, learning objectives and content. It will give you
an idea of the structure of the course, including lectures and tutorials. You must register for a tutorial on
WebCT by Friday 23th September 2011. Tutorials start in week 2. If you fail to register or attend the first
tutorial we assume you do no intend on taking the course. If you are having trouble registering for a tutorial
please email: politics@ed.ac.uk.
What is Politics?
Lecture 2: 22 Sept (Thur)
Prof John Peterson
This lecture introduces Politics both as a social phenomenon and a subject of academic investigation. It focuses
centrally on power, and who wields it (and why). Different approaches to the study of politics – including
many covered in this course – are introduced. The extreme complexity of the kinds of questions we seek to
answer about politics leads to a discussion of whether researching our subject is an ‘art’ or ‘science’, and
whether it can be studied objectively. The dilemmas of modern democracy and concepts of ‘government’ and
‘governance’ are defined and presented as crucial to understanding politics in the 21 st century.
Required reading:
Heywood, Andrew (2007) Politics, 3rd ed., Basingstoke: Palgrave, chapter 1
Stoker, Gerry (2007) Why Politics Matters, Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan,pp, 1-15 (e-book)
Further reading:
 Ball, Alan R. and Peters, B. Guy (2005) Modern Politics and Government, 7th edition, Basingstoke: Palgrave,
ch1, (r) JA66 Bal
 Caplan, Bryan (2007) The Myth of the Rational Voter: Why Democracies Choose Bad Policies, Princeton NJ:
Princeton University Press, (sl) HD87 Cap.
 Chatterjee, Partha (2004) The Politics of the Governed: Reflections on Popular Politics in Most of the World, New
York: Columbia University Press, (r) JQ281 Cha.
 Crick, Bernard. (1982) In Defence of Politics, Harmondsworth: Penguin, (r) (JC330 Luk)
 Dahl, Robert A. (2001) How Democratic is the American Constitution?, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press
http://devil.lib.ed.ac.uk:8080/webct/resolver.jsp?sid=library:plus&pid=1068639 (r) KF21 Dah
 Hague, Rod and Harrop, Martin. (2010) Comparative Government and Politics: an Introduction, 8th ed.
Basingstoke: Palgrave, (ch 1 available electronically) (r) JF 51 Hag
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
13
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Leftwich, Adrian (2004) (ed) What is Politics?: the Activity and its Study , Oxford : Polity, see especially ‘On
the Politics of Politics’, pp.1-18 (e-reserve link)
Lindblom, Charles (1982) ‘The Market as Prison’, Journal of Politics, 44 (2), pp. 324-66 (e)
Marsh, David and Stoker, Gerry (2010) (eds), Theory and Methods in Political Science, 2nd edition,
Basingstoke: Palgrave/Macmillan, esp ch 1 (r) JA71
Neustadt, Richard E. (1991) Presidential Power: the Politics of Leadership from Roosevelt to Reagan, London:
Free Press (r) JK516Neu
Rhodes, R. A. W. (2006) ‘The New Governance: Governing Without Government’, Political Studies, 44/4,
pp.652-67 (e)
Sen, Amartya (2005) The Argumentative Indian: Writings on Indian History, Culture and Identity, London:
Allen Lane (r) DS423 Sen.
Stoker, Gerry (2007) Why Politics Matters: Making Democracy Work, Basingstoke: Palgrave, (r) JF799Sto
Thaler, Richard and Sustein, Cass (2009) Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth and Happiness,
London: Penguin, HB74.P8 Tha.
What is International Relations?
Prof John Peterson
Lecture 3: 26 Sept (Mon)
This lecture introduces International Relations (IR) as a global experience as well as an intellectual construct.
The relationship between IR and Politics is discussed, and we reflect on why IR is sometimes seen as a subdiscipline of Politics and other times as a separate arena of investigation. We rehearse the argument that IR is
best understood by reflecting on the nature of paired opposites: sovereignty and globalization, anarchy and
order, war and peace, poverty and wealth. The session concludes with a discussion of the extremely thorny
question of how theory relates to practice in the study of IR.
Required reading:
Chris Brown and Kirsten Ainley (CB & KA), Understanding International Relations, 3rd edition (2005),
chapter 1. (r)
Mearsheimer, John J. (2005) ‘E H Carr versus Idealism: the Battle Rages On’, International Relations,
19 (2) June 2005, pp.139-52 (e)
Further reading:
 Baylis, John, Smith, Steve & Owens, Patricia (2010) (eds), The Globalization of World Politics (Oxford: Oxford
University Press) 5th edition, intro & ch 1 (r) JZ1242 Glo.
 Booth, Ken and Wheeler, Nicholas J. (2008) The Security Dilemma: Fear, Cooperation and Trust in World
Politics (Basinstoke: Palgrave) JZ5508 Boo.
 Carr, E. H. (1995) The Twenty Years' Crisis, 1919-1939: an Introduction to the Study of International Relations,
London: Papermac (sl) D723 Car.
 Dannreuther, Roland and Peterson, John (eds) (2006) Security Strategy and Transatlantic Relations, London:
Routledge (sl) UA23 Sec.
 Dunne, Tim and Klejda, Mulaj (2010) ‘America After Iraq’ International Affairs, 86 (6): 1287-98 (e)
 Dunne, Tim, Kurki, Milja and Smith, Steve (2010) International Relations Theories: Discipline and Diversity,
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2nd edn, introduction (r). JZ 1305 Int
 Friedman, Thomas and Kaplan, Robert (2002) ‘States of Discord’ (on globalization and the nation state)
Foreign Policy , March/April (e)
 Fukuyama, Francis (2006) After the Neo-Cons, London: Profile Books E840 Fuk.
 Kagan, Robert (2008) The Return of History and the End of Dreams, London: Atlantic Books (r) D860 Kag.
 Kapstein, Ethan B. (2008) ‘Fairness Considerations in World Politics: Lessons from International Trade
Negotiations’, Political Science Quarterly, 123 (2) Summer, pp.229-49 (e) Per. .32 Pol.
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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Jackson, Robert H. and Sørensen, George (2010) Introduction to International Relations, 4th edition, Oxford:
Oxford University Press chs 1-2 ,visit the following web-site for helpful information on this book:
http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199548842/
Mingst, Karen and Arreguin-Toft, Ivan (2010) Essentials of International Relations, 5th edition, London: W W
Norton, ch 1 (r) JZ 1305 Min
Nye, Joseph S Jr. (2004) Soft Power: the Means to Success in World Politics, New York: Public Affairs (see also
short article of same name on offprint reserve) (r) JZ 1480 Nye
Nye, Joseph S Jr (2011) The Future of Power, New York: Public Affairs (r) ON ORDER; see also article of
same name in Foreign Affairs, Nov/Dec 2010, 89 (6), pp.2-12.
Waltz, K.N. (1999) ‘Globalization and governance’, PS: Political Science and Politics, 32 4) (December): 693700 (e)
Power and Society
Dr Nicola McEwen
Lecture 4: 29 Sept (Thurs)
Power is central to the study of politics and international relations. But ‘power’ is an essentially contested concept;
there is endless disagreement about what the term itself actually means. This lecture examines different
approaches to studying power in politics, both domestic and international. It provides an overview of the several
dimensions of power and then explores the concept in relation to current debates including race, gender and
equality.
Required reading:
Heywood, Andrew (2007) Politics, 3rd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave, review ch 1 (10-13); ch 9 (pp 195-203)
Lukes, Steven. (2005) Power: a Radical View, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, Chapter 1, pp. 14-59 (e-book)
Further reading:
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Allen, N. and Dean. J. (2008) ‘No (Parliamentary) Gender Gap Please, We're British’ Political Quarterly vol
79 (2): 212-220 (e)
Bachrach, P. and Baratz, N. (1970) Power and Poverty. Theory and Practice JC 330 Bac
Banducci S., et al (2004), ‘Minority Representation, Empowerment and Participation’, The Journal of Politics,
vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 534-556 (e)
Barnes, Barry (1993) ‘Power’ in Bellamy, R (ed) Theories and Concepts of Politics: an Introduction
Celis, K. and Childs, S (2008) ‘Introduction: The Descriptive and Substantive Representation of Women:
New Directions’ Parliamentary Affairs, vol 61 (3): 419-425 ) (e)
Chomsky, N. (2003) Understanding Power (essays). P85.C47.Cho
Dahl, R A. (1961/1989) Who Governs? Democracy and power in an American city (e-book)
Dunleavy, P and O'Leary, B (1987) Theories of the State: the Politics of Liberal Democracy, ch 2 & 4
Evans, M (1995) 'Elitism' in Marsh, D and Stoker, G (eds) Theory and Methods in Political Science
Hay, C (2007) Why We Hate Politics JA75.7 Hay
Inter-Parliamentary Union. Up to date statistics on women in national parliaments, available at
http://www.ipu.org
Kenny, M (2007) ‘Gender, Institutions and Power A Critical Review’ Politics vol 27(2) : 91-100 (e)
Mills, C. Wright (1956) The Power Elite, (sl) E169.1 Mil
Nye, J. (2008) The Powers to Lead, especially chap 2 ‘Leadership and Power’ (pp27-54) JC 330.3 Nye (r) See
also interview with Nye at: http://www.hks.harvard.edu/news-events/publications/insight/international/joseph-nye
Poggi, G. (2001) Forms of Power JC 330 Pog (r)
Phillips, A (1993) Democracy and Difference, Cambridge: Polity Press, esp. ch5. (HQ1190 Phi)
Phillips, A (1995) The Politics of Presence, Oxford: Clarendon Press, chs 2 and 3 JF1061 Phi (e-book)
Polsby, N (1980) Community Power and Political Theory (sl) JS 1195. Pol
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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Ross, K (2002) (ed) Women, Politics and Change, also available as Special Issue of Parliamentary Affairs 55 (1)
Link (e)
Smith, M (1995) 'Pluralism', in Marsh, D and Stoker, G (eds), Theory and Methods in Political Science, (pp 209227)
Stockemer, D. (2008) ‘Women’s Representation: A comparison between European and the Americas’
Politics vol 28(2): 65-73 (e)
Waylen, G. (2008) ‘Enhancing the Substantive Representation of Women: Lessons from Transitions to
Democracy’ Parliamentary Affairs vol 61 (3): 518-534;
Women in politics, website: http://www.ipu.org/bdf-e/BDFsearch.asp
Wrong, D H. (1995) Power: Its Forms, Bases and Uses, chs 6-8 (JC 330 Wro)
Power and Sovereignty
Prof John Peterson
Lecture 5: 4 Oct (Mon)
This lecture examines the claim that the sovereign state is the key actor in International Relations. Different
theoretical traditions in IR have differing understandings of the role and significance of the state. We introduce
realist, liberal/pluralist and Marxist interpretations. We then examine the closely connected idea of sovereignty and
assesses the degree to which sovereignty has been, or is in the process of being, ‘compromised’ (Krasner). Market
forces, international norms such as human rights, and power asymmetries all qualify the concept of sovereignty as
traditionally understood. The lecture concludes with a discussion of ‘globalization’ which critically examines the
notion of ‘global terrorist networks’ as a case that helps us determine whether globalisation is i) unprecedented; ii)
changing the nature of international relations; iii) a serious challenge to traditional notions of sovereignty.
Required reading:
Required reading:
Brown, Chris and Kirsten Ainley (2005), Understanding International Relations, 3rd edition , chapt 2
Slaughter, Anne-Marie (1997) 'The Real New World Order', Foreign Affairs, 76 (5): 183-97 (on
WebCT page and e-journal)
Further reading:
Sovereignty and Power
 Brown, Chris (2002) Sovereignty, Rights, and Justice: International Political Theory Today, Cambridge: Polity
Press ch 2 (sl) JZ1305 Bro.
 Clinton, Hillary Rodham (2010) ‘Leading Through Civilian Power: Redefining American Diplomacy and
Development’, Foreign Affairs, November-December, 89(6), pp.13-24 (e).
 Drezner, Daniel W. (2007) All Politics is Global, Princeton: Princeton University Press, ch 1 (sl) JZ1318 Dre.
 Drezner, Daniel W. (2011) ‘Does Obama Have a Grand Strategy?’, Foreign Affairs, July-August: 57-68 (e).
 Held, David, McGrew and Anthony G. (2003) The Global Transformations Reader: an Introduction to the
Globalization Debate, 2nd edn., Cambridge: Polity Press ch 9 (sl) JZ1318 Glo.
 Heywood, Andrew (2007) Politics, 3rd ed , Basingstoke: Palgrave, ch 7
 International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (2003) Responsibility to Protect in
www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/iciss-ciise/menu-en.asp
 Jackson, Robert H. (1999) Sovereignty at the Millennium, Malden, MA: Blackwell, (sl) (also found in Political
Studies (1999) Special edition 47 (3) (e)
 Keohane, Robert O. (1998) ‘International Institutions: Can Interdependence Work?’, Foreign Policy, 110
(Spring), pp.82-96 (e).
 Krasner, Stephen D. (1999) Sovereignty: Organized Hypocrisy, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press
KZ4041 Kra.
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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Krasner, Stephen (1995/6), ‘Compromising Westphalia’, International Security, 20 (3) pp. 115-151 (e) - can
also be found in David Held and Anthony McGrew (eds) Global Transformations Reader (Cambridge: Polity),
ch 10 (sl)
Basics of IR theory
 Baylis, John, Smith, Steve & Owens, Patricia (2010) The Globalization of World Politics, Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 5th ed., pt 2 JZ1242 Glo.
 Baylis, John, Wirtz, James J. and Gray, Colin (2010) Strategy in the Contemporary World: an Introduction to
Strategic Studies, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 3rd edn pt 2 (sl) U162 Str.
 Burchill, Scott (2009) Theories of International Relations, Basingstoke: Palgrave, 4th edition, ch 1 (sl) JZ1242
The.
 Carr, E. H. (1995) The Twenty Years' Crisis, 1919-1939, London: Papermac (sl) D723 Car.
 Rathburn, Brian (2008) ‘Does One Right Make a Realist? Conservativism, Neoconservativism, and
Isolationism in the Foreign Policy Ideology of American Elites’, Political Science Quarterly, 123 (2) Summer,
pp.271-99 (e) Per. .32 Pol.
 Snyder, Jack (2005) ‘One World, Many Theories’ Foreign Policy, November/December pp. 53-62 Link (e)
 Walt, Stephen M. (1998) ‘International Relations: One World, Many Theories’, Foreign Policy, vol.110 Link
(e)
 Woods, Ngaire (1996), Explaining International Relations since 1945, Oxford: Oxford University Press chs 1-2
(sl) JZ1305 Exp.
Globalization and Terrorism
 Baylis, John, Smith, Steve and Owen, Patricia (2010) The Globalization of World Politics, Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 5th ed., ch 21 (s) JZ1242 Glo.
 Benjamin, Daniel and Simon, Stephen (2005) The Next Attack: the Globalization of Jihad, London: Hodder and
Stoughten (s) HV6432.7 Ben.
 Bobbitt, Philip (2008) Terror and Consent: the Wars for the 21st Century, London: Allen Lane, HV6432 Bob.
 Coll, Steve (2005) Ghost Wars: the Secret History of the CIA, Afhanistan and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion
of Afghanistan to September 10, 2001, London: Penguin (s) DS371.2 Col.
 Gause, F. Gregory (2011) ‘What Middle East Studies Missed the Arab Spring’, Foreign Affairs, 90 (4):, pp.8190 (e)
 Gordon, Philip H. (2007) ‘Can the War on Terror Be Won?’, Foreign Affairs, 86 (6), pp.53-66
 John Mueller (2006) ‘Is There Still a Terrorist Threat?’, Foreign Affairs, 85 (5), September/October 2006, pp.28 (e).
 Richardson, Louise (2006) What Terrorists Want, London: John Murray (s), HV6431 Ric.
 Sageman, Marc (2004) Understanding Terror Networks, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press (s)
HV6431 Sag.
 Sageman, Marc (2008) Leaderless Jihad: Terror Networks in the 21st Century, Philadelphia: University of
Pennsylvania Press (s) HV6431 Sag.
 Wilkinson, Paul (2006) Terrorism versus Democracy, London: Routledge (s) HV6431 Wil.
The State
Dr Wilfried Swenden
Lecture 6: 6 October (Thurs)
This lecture will introduce the concept of the state. In modern political life, the state is the primary arena for the
exercise of political power. We will look at different definitions of the state and consider its key features and
functions. In particular, we will study the state as the basis of sovereignty and legitimate authority. We will
examine the emergence and development of the state, and look at the different types of states that are evident
today. Finally, we will consider the internal and external pressures on the modern state which can sometimes lead
to decreasing legitimacy and even state failure.
Required reading:
Heywood, Andrew (2002) Politics, 3rd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave, ch 5
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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Roeder, P.G. (2007), ‘Who gets a State of their Own’ in Roeder, P.G., Where Nation-States Come From, Princeton,
NJ. Ch 1, pp.3-42 (e-reserve link)
Further reading:
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Axtmann, R (2003) (ed) Understanding Democratic Politics: an Introduction, , ch 11 by Keating.
Dunleavy, P and O'Leary, Br (1987) Theories of the State: the Politics of Liberal Democracy, ch1
Cai, Y. (2008) ‘ Power Structure and Regime Resilience: Contentious Politics in China’ British Journal of
Political Science vol 38: pp411-32. (e)
Hay, C, Lister, M. and Marsh, D eds. (2006), The State. Theories and Issues 9JC 131 Sta)
Heywood, P et al (2002) (eds) Developments in West European Politics 2, Introduction
Gill, Graeme J. (2003) The Nature and Development of the Modern State. Basingstoke, Palgrave. Chap. 1 'The
Modern State' pp. 1-32.( e-reserve link)
Keating, M (1999) The Politics of Modern Europe: the State and Political Authority in the Major Democracies, ch1.
Kharas, H. et al (2009) Portraits of Instability (Failed States Index) Foreign Policy July/Aug, p88-93 (e)
Nicholson, M (2002) International Relations: a Concise Introduction, ch.2
Mann, M (1990) The Rise and Decline of the Nation State, , ch.10.
Paul, T. V. et al (2003) The Nation-State in Question, Princeton, N.J.:
Pierson, Christopher (2004) The Modern State. 2nd ed, Chap. 1 'Modern States' pp. 4-26. (e-reserve link)
Poggi, G (1990) The State: its Nature, Development and Prospects
Poggi, G (2008), ‘The nation-state’ in Caramani, Daniele, Comparative Politics, pp85-107 (JA 86 Com) (r)
Rokkan, S and Urwin, D W. (1982), The Politics of Territorial Identity: Studies in European Regionalism, chapter
on ‘Centres and Peripheries in Western Europe’
Rotberg, R I. ed. (2003), When States Fail: Causes and Consequences (on order) sample chapter available at:
http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s7666.html
Sørenson, G (2004), The Transformation of the State. Beyond the Myth of Retreat
Spruyt H. (1994), The Sovereign State and its Competitors, Princeton, N.J.
Tilly, C and Ardant, G (1975), The Formation of National States in Western Europe
Weber, M et al (1970), From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology H33 Web (r)
States and Foreign Policy
Dr Vassilios Paipais
Lecture 7: 10 Oct (Mon)
International relations were long conducted and explained in the context of a Cold War between the United States,
the Soviet Union and their respective allies, struggling for power in a Westphalian system. But are such balance of
power dynamics the best way to describe and try to explain the behaviour of states? What are the most important
factors that contribute to the creation of different foreign policies? This week’s lecture and readings examine the
Cold War and important empirical and analytical changes that began in the 1990s. The week focuses particularly
on the role of the state and the various ways in which domestic actors and institutions influence the making of
foreign policy. Students are introduced to different sources of foreign policy as a way to explain the behaviour of
states during and after the Cold War.
Required reading
Kegley, C and Raymond, G. (2010) ‘Domestic Sources of Foreign Policy’ in The Global Future, 3rd edition, ch 3. (ereserve)
Brown, C. and Ainley, K. (2009 Understanding International Relations, 4th ed (2009), ch 6.
Further reading:
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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Allison, G (2008), ‘The Cuban Missile Crisis’ in Steve Smith, Amelia Hadfield and Tim Dunne (eds), Foreign
Policy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch 12.
Brown, C. and Kirsten Ainley (2009), Understanding International Relations, 4th edition, ch 4.
Byman, D., K. Pollack (2001), ‘Let Us Now Praise Great Men: Bringing the Statesman Back In’, International
Security 25, 4: 107-146.
Evans, P., D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol, eds (1985), Bringing the State Back In, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Evans, P., H. K. Jacobson, R. D. Putnam, eds (1993), Double-Edged Diplomacy: International Diplomacy and
Domestic Politics, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Garrison, J., ed (2003), ‘Foreign Policy Analysis in 20/20’, International Studies Review 5: 156-163.
Hill, Christopher (2003), The Changing Politics of Foreign Policy, Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Hudson, Va (2008), ‘The History and Evolution of Foreign Policy Analysis’ in Steve Smith, et al (eds),
Foreign Policy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch 1.
Kennedy, P (1988), The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, London: Unwin, Hyman.
Peterson, J (2006), ‘In Defence of Inelegance: IR Theory and Transatlantic Practice’, International Relations
20 (1): 5-25.
Smith, M E. (2008) ‘Research European Foreign Policy: Some Fundamentals’, Politics, 28 (3): 177-87 (e)
Smith, S, A Hadfield, T Dunne (2008), Foreign Policy: Theories, Actors, Cases, Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
Tilly, C, ed (1975), The Formation of National States in Western Europe, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University
Press.
Waltz, K (1979), Theory of International Politics, New York: Addison-Wesley.
Waston, A (2002), The Evolution of International Society: A Comparative Historical Analysis, London:
Routledge.
White, B (2001), Understanding European Foreign Policy, Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Zelikow, P with Graham Allison (1999), Essence of Decision, New York: Longman, 2nd edition.
Anarchy and Independence
Dr Vassilios Paipais
Lecture 8: 13 Oct (Thurs)
This lecture provides an overview of the field of international security or, as it is sometimes known, security
studies. At the centre of the study of international security is the understanding of the causes of war and violent
conflict and the means to resolve such conflicts and restore peace. The lecture addresses the centrality played by
nuclear weapons during the Cold War and how the advent of the nuclear age fundamentally changed the nature of
warfare. The impact of the end of the Cold War is assessed and how this has led to a broader security agenda
which include such issues as WMD proliferation, terrorism and the environment. These are reflected in recent
Security Strategies promulgated by the United States (2002) and the European Union (2003).
Required reading:
Chris Brown and Kirsten Ainley (CB & KA), Understanding International Relations, 4th edition (2009), ch 5.
Skim:
US National Security Strategy, Sept 2002. Available at: http://georgewbushwhitehouse.archives.gov/nsc/nss/2002/
European Security Strategy (December 2003) Available at:
http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/78367.pdf
Further reading:
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Baylis, John and Smith, Steve (2001) The Globalization of World Politics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch
12 (2nd Edition), ch 13 (3rd Edition) (r) JZ 1242 Glo
Baylis, John (2002) Strategy in the Contemporary World: an Introduction to Strategic Studies, Oxford: Oxford
University Press, chs 13 (sl)
Butler, Richard (2001) Fatal Choice: Nuclear Weapons and the Illusion of Missile Defense, Boulder CO: Westview
Press (sl)
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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Buzan, Barry (1991) People, States and Fear: an Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post-cold War
Era, Hemel Hempstead: Wheatsheaf (sl)
Buzan, Barry et al (1998) Security: a New Framework for Analysis, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner (sl)
Dannreuther, Roland (2006) International Security: The Contemporary Agenda chs 1-2 (r) JZ5588 Dan
European Security Strategy (December 2003):
www.consilium.europa.eu/cms3_fo/showPage.ASP?id=266&lang=EN&mode=g
Jackson, Robert H. (2000) The Global Covenant: Human Conduct in a World of States, Oxford: Oxford
University Press ch 8
Kaldor, Mary (1999) New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era, Cambridge: Polity Press (sl)
Katzenstein, Peter, ed (1996) The Culture of National Security, New York: Columbia University Press.
Litfin, Karen (1999) ‘Environmental Security’ in Paul, T. V. and Hall, John A. (1999) International Order and
the Future of World Politics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (sl)
Lynn-Jones, Sean M. and Miller, Steven E. (1995) Global Dangers: Changing Dimensions of International
Security, Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
Nye, Joseph S. (2000) Understanding International Conflicts: an Introduction to Theory and History, New York:
Longman.
Schmidt, Brian C. (2008), ‘The Primacy of National Security’ in Steve Smith, Amelia Hadfield and Tim
Dunne (eds), Foreign Policy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch 9.
United Nations (2004) UN High Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change, ‘A More Secure World:
Our Shared Responsibility’ 2004 (e)
US National Security Strategy, September 2002.
Globalisation
Dr Vassilios Paipais
Lecture 9: 17 Oct (Mon)
What is globalisation, and why has it become such a widely-used term? This week’s lecture and readings analyse
the features and impact of globalisation (such as the changing role of the nation-state, the rise of transnational
corporations, changes to the global economy, and globalisation’s impact on trade). Particular attention is paid to
the forces driving globalisation and the actors that seem to be playing a more active role in a globalised
international system. The week also looks at the opposition to globalisation, its arguments and effects. Students are
encouraged to think about whether globalisation is a new phenomenon, and whether its effects are as negative as
are commonly portrayed.
Required reading:
Chris Brown and Kirsten Ainley (CB & KA), Understanding International Relations, 4th edition (2009), ch 7.
Chris Brown and Kirsten Ainley (CB & KA), Understanding International Relations, 4th edition (2009), ch 9.
Further reading:
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Amoore, Le (ed.) (2005) The Global Resistance Reader (London : Routledge) (sl)
Axford, B (2002) ‘The Process of Globalisation’ in Axford, Barrie et al (eds) Politics: an Introduction, London:
Routledge, 2nd ed., ch 14.
Linklater, A (2005) 'Globalization and the transformation of political community’ in Baylis, J and Smith, S,
The Globalization of World Politics, chap. 32 pp. 709-725 (e-reserve link) (see also their online resource centre
at: http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199271184/)
Berger, P L. and Huntington, S P. (2002) Many Globalizations: Cultural Diversity in the Contemporary
World, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cable, Vt (1999) Globalization and Global Governance (London: Royal Institute of International Affairs).
Camilleri, Joseph A. and Falk, Jim (1992) The End of Sovereignty?, Aldershot: Elgar, chs 4-5.
Dicken, P (2003) Global Shift: Reshaping the Global Economic Map in the 21st Century, London: Sage.
Evans, P (1997) 'The Eclipse of the State: Reflections on Stateness in an era of Globalisation', World Politics,
50(1): 62-87 (e)
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Fukuyama, F (1992) The End of History and the Last Man, London: Penguin(r) D16 Fuk
Garrett, G (2000) 'The Causes of Globalization', Comparative Political Studies 33 (6-7): 941-991 (e)
Hay, Colin (2000) ‘Contemporary capitalism, globalization, regionalization and the persistence of national
variation’ Review of International Studies 26 (4): 509-531 (e)
Held, D and McGrew, A (2002) Globalization/Anti-globalization, Cambridge: Polity (r) JZ1318 Hel
Held, D and McGrew, A (2000) The Global Transformations Reader: an Introduction to the Globalization Debate,
Cambridge: Polity Press (r) JZ 1318 Glo
Hoogvelt, A M. M. (1997) Globalisation and the Postcolonial World: the New Political Economy of Development,
Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Huntington, S (1998) The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (London: Touchstone) (r)
D860 Hun; see also short article of same name in Foreign Affairs, 72 (3) Summer (e)
Hurrell, Aand Woods, N (1999) Inequality, globalization, and world politics, Oxford University Press (e)
Kaplinsky, Raphael (2001) ‘Is Globalization all it is cracked up to be?’ Review of International Political
Economy 8,1: 45-65 (e)
Kapstein, E B. (1994) Governing the Global Economy: International Finance and the State, Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press.
Kegley, C and Raymond (2010) The Global Future, ch 11.
Lechner, F and Boli, J (2004) The Globalization Reader, Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Nye, J (2001)‘Globalisation and Discontent’, World Today, Aug/Sept (ph)
Rosenberg, T. (2002), ‘The Free Trade Fix’, New York Times Magazine, 18 March 2002 (a good introduction
to globalization) (e)
Samir , D. and Ray Kiely, eds (2006) Globalization and After (London : Sage Publications) .
Singer, Pr (2002) One World: the Ethics of Globalization, New Haven: Yale University Press.
Strange, S (1996) The Retreat of the State: the Diffusion of Power in the World Economy, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Stiglitz, J E. (2002) Globalization and its Discontents, London: Penguin.
Morality and IR
Dr Vassilios Paipais
Lecture 10: 20 Oct (Thurs)
This lecture examines the thorny and much contested question of the role of morality in International Relations.
This involves revisiting some of the main IR theories, most notably realism, which tends to assume that power
always has primacy over morality, as against liberal cosmopolitan and constructivist accounts, who argue that
morality and norms directly and independently influence international developments. This theoretical debate is
then illustrated by an assessment of the significance of human rights in international law and broader international
politics.
Required reading:
Brown, C and Kirsten Ainley (CB & KA), Understanding International Relations, 4th edition (2009), ch 11.
Barnett, Michael (2008), ‘Duties Beyond Borders’ in Steve Smith, Amelia Hadfield and Tim Dunne (eds), Foreign
Policy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch 11. (e-reserve)
Further reading:
Normative IR theory
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Art, Robert J. and Jervis, Robert (1996) International Politics: Enduring Concepts and Contemporary Issues, New
York: HarperCollins, part 1 (sl)
Baylis, John and Smith, Steve (2001/2005) The Globalization of World Politics, Oxford: Oxford University
Press t 1 (2nd Edition), pt 2 (3rd Edition) (r) JZ 1242 Glo
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
21
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Beitz, Charles R. and Alexander, Larry (1985) International Ethics, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University
Press (sl)
Brown, Chris (1992) International Relations Theory: New Normative Approaches (New York: Columbia
University Press) (r)
Dunne, Tim, Kurki, Milja and Smith, Steve (2007) International Relations Theories: Discipline and Diversity,
Oxford: Oxford University Press chapt 2 (r).
Holzgrefe, J., R. Keohane, eds (2003), Humanitarian Intervention: Ethical, Legal and Political Dimensions, New
York: Cambridge university Press.
Jackson, Robert H. (2000) The Global Covenant: Human Conduct in a World of States, Oxford: Oxford
University Press ch 15 (sl)
Nardin, Terry and Mapel, David R. (1993) Traditions of International Ethics, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press (sl)
Webber, Cynthia (2005) International Relations Theory: a Critical Introduction, London: Routledge (sl)
Human Rights
 Barnett, Michael (2008), ‘Duties Beyond Borders’ in Steve Smith, Amelia Hadfield and Tim Dunne (eds),
Foreign Policy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch 11.
 Baylis, John and Smith, Steve (2001/2005) The Globalization of World Politics, Oxford: Oxford University
Press ch 28 (2nd Edition), ch 31 (3rd Edition) (r) JZ 1242 Glo
 Brown, Chris (2002) Sovereignty, Rights, and Justice: International Political Theory Today, Cambridge, UK:
Polity Press; ch 7 (sl)
 Donnelly, Jack (1998) International Human Rights, Boulder, CO: Westview (sl)
 Donnelly, Jack (1998) ‘Human Rights: A New Standard of Civilisation’ International Affairs 74 (1) (e)
 Dunne, Timothy and Wheeler, Nicholas J. (1999) Human Rights in Global Politics, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press (sl)
 Dunne, Timothy (2004) ‘We the People: Contending Discourses of Security in Human Rights Theory and
Practice’ International Relations 18 (1) (e)
 Forsythe, David P. (2000) Human Rights in International Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
(sl)
 Charles W. Kegley and Gregory Raymond, The Global Future, 3 rd edition (2010), ch 13.
 Nardin, Terry and Mapel, David R. (1993) Traditions of International Ethics, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press ch 12 (sl)
 Shue, Henry. (1996) Basic Rights: Subsistence, Affluence, and U.S. Foreign Policy, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton
University Press (sl)
 Vincent, R. J. (1986) Human Rights and International Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (sl)
 Wheeler, N. (2000), Saving Strangers: Humanitarian Intervention in International Society, New York: Oxford
University Press.
Essay due Wednesday 26 October 2011- No lecture held Monday 24 Oct.
Ideology
Prof John Peterson
Lecture 11: 27 October (Thursday)
When we observe and impose meaning on the political world, we inevitably do so with a (more or less)
coherent set of assumptions and ideas. The basis for all organised political action is ideology, an account of the
existing order and how it might change (or not) to produce some kind of desired future. This lecture examines
the role of ideology in political life and teases out the essentials of major ideologies – liberalism, conservatism,
and socialism. It also considers traditionally less mainstream ideologies, including feminism,
environmentalism, and religious fundamentalism. It reflects on why the emergence of modern democratic
societies in the mid-20th century -war period gave rise to predictions of ‘the end of ideology’. We also eexplore
why the end of that century – and beginning of the 21st – saw rising political interest in a ideological ‘3 rd way’,
or an alternative to both socialism and neo-liberalism.
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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Required reading:
Required Reading:
Heywood, Andrew (2007) Politics, 3rd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave , Chs 3-4
Fukuyama, Francis (1989) 'The End of History', The National Interest, Summer. Available at:
http://www.wesjones.com/eoh.htm
Further reading:
 Arblaster, Anthony (1984) The Rise and Decline of Western Liberalism, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, JC571 Arb.
 Ball, Alan R. and Peters, B. Guy (2005) Modern Politics and Government, Basingstoke: Palgrave, 7th edition,
fd ch 2 (r) JA66 Bal
 Bell, Daniel (1961) The End of Ideology: on the Exhaustion of Political Ideas in the Fifties, New York: Free Press
(r) HN58 Bel.
 Berman, Michael (2004) Terror and Liberalism, ch 1 (e-reserve link) see also chs1, 6-7 (r)
 Bryson, Valerie (2003) Feminist Political Theory: an Introduction, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2nd edn (r) HN58
Bel.
 Childs, Sarah and Krook, Mona Lena (2006) ‘Gender and Politics: the State of the Art’, Politics, 26 (1),
pp.18-28 (e)
 Dobson, Andrew (2007) Green Political Thought, 4th edition, London: Routledge (on older, but older
editions also useful, JA75.8 Dob)
 Eagleton, Terry (1994) Ideology, London: Longman, (sl) B823.3 Ide.
 Eagleton, Terry (2011) Why Marx Was Right, New Haven CT: Yale University Press (sl) HX39.5 Eag.
 Freeden, Michael (1998) Ideologies and Political Theory: A Conceptual Approach, (Oxford scholarship online).
 Fukuyama, Francis (1992) The End of History and the Last Man, London: Penguin, (r) D16.8 Fuk.
 Latham, Mark (2001) The Third way: An Outline’ in Giddens, A. (ed) The Global Third Way Debate,
Cambridge: Polity Press (e-reserve link)
 Giddens, Anthony (ed) (2001) The Global Third Way Debate, Cambridge: Polity Press (r) HX73 Glo.
 Giddens, Anthony (2000) The Third Way and Its Critics, Malden, MA: Polity Press (r) HX73 GID
 Heywood, Andrew (1998) Political Ideologies: an Introduction, Basingstoke: Macmillan, , 2nd edition (r) JA71
Hey
 Heywood, Andrew (1999) Political Theory: an Introduction, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2nd ed (r) JA71 Hey
 Hunt, Swanee (2007) ‘Let Women Rule’, Foreign Affairs, 86 (3). May/June, pp.109-20.
 Kuo, David (2006) Tempting Faith: an Inside Story of Political Seduction, London: Free Press, HF5548.325.U6
Kuo..
 Phillips, Anne (1995) The Politics of Presence, Oxford: Clarendon Press, ch 1 (e-book)
 Rawls, John (1996) Political Liberalism, New York: Columbia University Press (r) (see also further info)
 Schwarzmantel, J. J. (2008) Ideology and Politics, London: Sage, JA71 Sch.
 Sheldon, Garrett Ward (2003) The Political Philosophy of James Madison, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press,
JC211.M35 She.
Nationalism
Dr Wilfried Swenden
Lecture 12: 31 Oct (Mon)
Nationalism is one of the most important political phenomena of the last two centuries. It has been at the root of
wars of aggression and at the heart of movements of liberation. Nationalism is a crucial factor underpinning state
formation and disintegration. More subtly, the language of nationalism and the ‘national interest’ are used to
justify many of the activities of modern states. This lecture will explore nationalism as a doctrine and as a form of
politics. We will examine the meaning of nationalism, its emergence as a political phenomenon, and its different
manifestations. We will also consider the concept of the ‘nation’ and how it differs from the concept of the ‘state’,
and discuss why the two concepts are often confused.
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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Required reading:
Heywood, Andrew (2007) Politics, 3rd Basingstoke: Palgrave, ch 6
Alter, P, 1994, pp. 1-15 ch.1 ‘What is nationalism?’ in Nationalism, 2nd edition (e-reserve link)
Further reading:
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Anderson, B (1991) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism
Anderson, M (2000) States and Nationalism in Europe since 1945
Axtmann, R (2003) (ed) Understanding Democratic Politics, chs 11 and 27
Billig, M (1995) Banal Nationalism JC 311 Bil (r)
Breuilly, J (2008) ‘Nationalism’ in Baylis, J, Smith, S & Owens, P (2008) (eds), The Globalization of World
Politics 5th ed, ch23 (r) JZ1242 Glo.
Breuilly, J (1993), Nationalism and the State
Brown, D (1999), ‘Are there Good and Bad Nationalisms?’ Nations and Nationalism vol5(2), pp. 281-302 (e)
Brubaker, R (1996), Nationalism Reframed. Nationhood and the national question in the New Europe.
Calhoun, C (1997) Nationalism, chs1, 4 and 5, (r) JC311 Cal
Gellner, E (1997) Nationalism JC 311 Gel (r)
Greenfeld, L (1993) Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity, ch.1
Guibernau i Berdún, et, al (2001) Understanding Nationalism, ch 2 and 3.
Hall, J A, ed. (1998), The State of the Nation. Ernest Gellner and the Theory of Nationalism
Halliday F (2005) ‘Nationalism’ in Baylis, John and Smith, Steve, The Globalization of World Politics, ch 23
Hechter, M (2000), Containing Nationalism JC 311 Hec
Hearn, J (2006), Rethinking nationalism: a critical introduction, ch. 1
Heywood, A (2003) Political Ideologies: an Introduction, ch5
Hobsbawm, E. J. (1992) Nations and Nationalism since 1780, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press , ch6
Ichijo, A and Uzelac G, eds. (2005), When is the Nation? Towards an understanding of theories of nationalism
Kaldor, M (2004), ‘Nationalism and Globalisation’, Nations and Nationalism, vol.10, no 1/2, p161-178
Kedourie, E (1993) Nationalism, JC 311 Ked
Kohn, H (1946) The Idea of Nationalism, JC 311 Koh
Miller, D (1997) On Nationality, (e)
Minogue, K R. (1969), Nationalism JC 311 Min
McCrone, D (1998) The Sociology of Nationalism, chs1, 5
McEwen, N (2006), Nationalism and the State: Welfare and identity in Scotland and Quebec, ch.1 and ch 2
Norman, W (2006), Negotiating Nationalism: Nation-Building, Federalism, and Secession in the Multinational
State, ch.1 and 2 (e)
Renan, E. (first published 1882) ‘What is a Nation?’, reprinted in Bhabha, H K. (1990) (ed) Nation and
Narration.
Sekulic, D (1997), ‘The Creation and Dissolution of the Multinational State: The Case of Yugoslavia’,
Nations and Nationalism, vol 3(2): 165-180
Smith, A D. (1991) National Identity (r) JC 311 Smi
Smith, A D (1993) 'The Ethnic Sources of Nationalism’ in Survival, 35:1, 48-62 (e)
Sub-state nationalism
Dr Wilfried Swenden
Lecture 13: 4 Nov (Thurs)
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
24
The second half of the twentieth century saw the emergence of a new kind of nationalism within established
nation-states. Sub-state nationalism (also called neo-nationalism, minority nationalism, or regional nationalism)
has been evident in Scotland and Wales in the UK, Quebec in Canada, Catalonia and the Basque country in Spain,
Flanders in Belgium, northern Italy, and many other advanced industrial states. Why did these movements
emerge? What demands have they made, and how and why have states responded to these demands? This
lecture will explore the rise and accommodation of sub-state nationalism.
Required reading:
Heywood, Andrew (2007) Politics,3rd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave, ch 8
Keating, Michael (2001) Nations against the state: the new politics of nationalism in Quebec, Catalonia and Scotland,
Basingstoke, Palgrave, ch 3 (e-reserve link)
Further reading:
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Breuilly, J (1993) Nationalism and the State, ch16
Brown, D (1998), ‘Why is the Nation-State so Vulnerable to Ethnic Nationalism?’, Nations and Nationalism,
vol.4 (1):1-34
Catt, H and Murphy, M (2002) Sub-state Nationalism
Choudhry, S. ed., (2008) Constitutional Design for Divided Societies. Integration or Accommodation Law Library,
K3165 Con.
Connor, W (1994) Ethnonationalism: the Quest for Understanding
Crick, B. (2008) ‘ The Four Nations: Interrelations’ [sub state nationalism in British Isles] Political Quarterly
vol 79 (1): 71-79 (e)
Crick, B. (1992) ‘On Nationalism in Scotland’, Government and Opposition, 27/3 (e)
Gagnon, A and Tully, J (2001) Multinational Democracies
Ignatieff, M (1994) Blood and Belonging: Journeys into the New Nationalism
Jenkins, B (2000) ‘The Europe of Nations and Regions’ in Sakwa, R and Stevens, A. (eds) Contemporary
Europe (e)
Keating, M (1997), ‘Stateless Nation-Building: Quebec, Catalonia and Scotland in the Changing State
System’, Nations and Nationalism, vol 3 ( 4): 689-717
Keating, M (1998) The New Regionalism in Western Europe
Keating, M (2001) Plurinational Democracy. Stateless Nations in a Post-Sovereignty Era (e-book)
http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/politicalscience/9780199240760/toc.html
Keating, M (2002) ‘Territorial Politics and the New Regionalism’ in Heywood, Paul et al (eds) Developments
in West European Politics 2, Basingstoke: Palgrave,
Kohli, A (1997), ‘Can Democracies accommodate Ethnic Nationalism? Rise and Decline of SelfDetermination Movements in India, Journal of Asian Studies, 56 (2), 324-44 (e)
Lynch, P J. (1996) Minority Nationalism and European Integration
McCrone, D (1998) The Sociology of Nationalism, London: Routledge, ch. 7
Payrow Shabani, O A (2007), ‘Language Policy of a Civic-Nation State: Constitutional Patriotism and
Minority Language Rights’ in Castiglione, Dario and Longman, Chris eds., The Language Question in Europe
and Diverse Societies, pp 37-60
Rudolph, J R. and Thompson, Robert J. (1989) Ethnoterritorial Politics, Policy, and the Western World,
Rudolph, J R. (2006), Politics and Ethnicity. A Comparative Study, Basingstoke: Palgrave
Swenden, W. (2006) Federalism and Regionalism in Western Europe. A Comparative and Thematic Analysis,
chapter on ‘The Centre, the Regions and Plurinationalism’ pp, 244-87 JN94.A58 Swe
Tiryakian, E A. and Rogowski, R (1985) New Nationalisms of the Developed West.
Wilson, R (2001), ‘The politics of contemporary ethno-nationalist conflicts’, Nations and Nationalism, vol.7,
no.3, p365-384
Elections and Voting
Lecture 14: 7 Nov (Mon)
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
25
Dr Wilfried Swenden
The members of the executive or legislature have an indirect or direct electoral mandate. The first part of this
lecture will assess who is eligible to vote and who we vote into office (i.e. do we vote for a president and a member
of the legislature? Do we only vote for a member of the legislature? When we vote, do we have a particular
candidate of our liking in mind, or do we vote for a party?) Whom we elect into public office is not only a
consequence of our vote. It also a consequence of the electoral system that is used to translate votes into seats. In
the second part of the lecture, we provide an overview of the major electoral systems, and on the basis of some
comparative examples, address their strengths and weaknesses.
Required reading:
Heywood, Andrew (2007) Politics , 3rd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave, ch 12
Farrell, David M. (2011) Electoral Systems: A Comparative Introduction , Basingstoke: Palgrave, ch 2 (e-reserve link)
Further reading:
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Ball, Alan R and Peters, B Guy (2005) Modern Government and Politics, Basingstoke: Palgrave, 7th edition (r),
JA66 Bal ch 8 JA66 Bal
Berry, C. (2008), ‘Labour's Lost Youth: Young People and the Labour Party's Youth Sections’ Political
Quarterly vol 79(3): 366-376
Bomberg, E (2002) ‘The Europeanisation of Green Parties: Exploring the EU’s Impact’ West European Politics
25 (3): 29-50 (e)
Broughton, D (2002) ‘Participation and Voting’ in Heywood, Paul et al (eds) Developments in West European
Politics 2,
Calvert, P (2002) Comparative Politics: an Introduction, ch 7
Cox, G W. (1997), Making Votes Count. Strategic Coordination in the World’s Electoral Systems
Chhibber Pradeep K. and Kollman, Ken (2004), The Formation of National Party Systems. Federalism and Party
Competition in Canada, Great Britain, India and the United States
Denver, D. (2007), Elections and Voters in Britain, 2nd edition
Gallagher, M (2007), ‘Elections and Referendums’ in Caramani, Daniele ed. Comparative Politics, 240-62
Franklin, M (1999)‘Electoral engineering and cross-national turnout differences: what role for compulsory
voting?’, British Journal of Political Science vol29:205–224. (e-journal)
Gallagher, Mi et al (2001) Representative Government in Modern Europe, Boston: McGraw-Hill
Hague, R and Harrop, M (2004) Comparative Government and Politics, 5th ed, ch9 JF 51 Hag
Inglehart, R (1977) The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles Among Western Publics,
Inglehart, R (1990) Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society
LeDuc, L. et al. (2002), Comparing Democracies 2: New Challenges in the Study of Elections and Voting, chapter
10 pp. 210-227 (e-book)
LeDuc, L, et al (2002), Comparing Democracies 2: New Challenges in the Study of Elections and Voting (r)
Lijphart, Arend and Aitkin, Don (1994) Electoral Systems and Party Systems: a Study of Twenty-seven
Democracies 1945-1990, Oxford: Oxford University Press
Lubbers, M et al (2002) ‘Extreme right-wing voting in Western Europe’, European Journal of Political Research
41 (3) (e)
Mair, Pr et al (2004) Political Parties and Electoral Change: Party Responses to Electoral Markets.
Meguid, B (2008), Party Competition between Unequals. Strategies and Electoral Fortunes in Western Europe
Norris, P (1997), ‘Choosing Electoral Systems: Proportional, Majoritarian and Mixed Systems International
Political Science Review, Vol. 18 (3): 297-312 (e)
Norris, P (2004), Electoral Engineering: Voting Rules and Political Behaviour. JF 100 Nor
Poguntke, T (2002),Green Parties in National Governments, Environmental Politics, 11 (1): 133-145 (e)
Reilly, B (2001), Democracy in Divided Societies. Electoral Engineering for Conflict Management, Cambridge:
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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Rucht, D. (2000) ‘Political Participation in Europe’ in Sakwa, R and Stevens, A (ed) Contemporary Europe (e)
Saunders, B (2009) ‘Making Voting Pay’, Politics, 29 (2): 130-6. (Interesting, short summary of debates about
increasing voter turn-out)
Sloam, J. (2007) ‘Rebooting Democracy: Youth Participation in Politics in the UK’ Parliamentary Affairs vol
60 (4): 548-567 (e)
The following website provides useful information on elections and electoral systems around the world:
http://www.idea.int/
For coverage of Iran’s presidential election – Chatham House analysis, see
http://www.chathamhouse.org.uk/publications/papers/view/-/id/755/
Political Parties
Dr Wilfried Swenden
Lecture 15: 11 Nov (Thur)
This lecture introduces the role of political parties. Political parties play key functions in democratic states: we look
at functions such as interest aggregation, governmental formation and electoral competition, and compare these
roles with parties in non-democratic states. We analyse key types of political parties (mass, cadre, catch-all and
cartel parties) and their historical evolution. We analyse whether parties still have a function in the era of social
movements and the so-called ‘decline of parties’. We conclude that parties are still an essential, although changing
feature of modern states, democratic and otherwise.
Required Reading
Heywood, Andrew (2007) Politics, Basingstoke :Palgrave, ch 13
Mair, Peter. (1998) Party System Change Approaches and Interpretations, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ch 2, 5 (e).
Available at:
http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/politicalscience/0198295499/toc.html
You should also visit this website in addition to your reading:
http://www.politicsresources.net/ is a gateway to specific links on parties and party studies.
Further reading:
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Arzheimer, K and Elisabeth Carter, E. (2009) Christian Religiosity and Voting for West European Radical
Right Parties West European Politics vol 32(5): 985 – 1011
Bale, T. Denham, A and Fielding, S (eds) (2009) ‘Cameron's Conservatives’ ‘Special issue of Political
Quarterly vol 80(2) April-June 2009
Betz, H-G. (1994) Radical Right-Wing Populism in Western Europe
Bomberg, E. (1998) Green Parties and Politics in the European Union JA 75.4 Bom
Bull, M J. and Heywood, Paul (1994) West European Communist Parties after the Revolutions of 1989.
Detterbeck, K (2005) ‘Cartel Parties in Western Europe?’, Party Politics,11 (2): 173-191 (e)
Duverger, M (1964) Political Parties, London: Methuen,
Economist, (2009) ‘Peoples’ parties without the people’ (Germany’s political fragmentation) 8 August, p 312. (e)
Hale, H (2006), Why Not Parties in Russia? Democracy, Federalism and the State
Heywood, P et al. (2006) Developments in European Politics ch 5 by Biezen and Mair (r) JN 15 Dev
Gunther, R et al (2002) Political Parties: Old Concepts and New Challenges. (e)
Gunther, R and Diamond, L (2003) ‘Species of Political Parties: A New Typology’, Party Politics, 9 (2) (e)
John, P. and Margetts, H. (2009) The Latent Support for the Extreme Right in British Politics West European
Politics vol 32(3): 496 – 513
Katz, R and Mair, P (1995) 'Changing Models of Party Organisation and Party Democracy: the Emergence
of the Cartel Party', Party Politics 1,1 (e)
Katz, RS and Crotty W (2006), eds., Handbook of Party Politics
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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Lewis, P (2000) Political parties in post-communist Eastern Europe.
Lijpart, A (1996), ‘The Puzzle of Indian Democracy: a consociational interpretation’, American Political
Science Review, 90 (2), 258-68
Lipset, S M and Rokkan, Stein (1990) 'Cleavage Structures?' in Mair, Peter and Smith, Gordon (eds)
Understanding Party System Change in Western Europe.
Lipset, S M and Rokkan, Stein (1967) Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-national Perspectives,
Luther, K and Deschouwer, Kris (1999), Party Elites in Divided Societies
Mair, P. (2008) ‘The Challenge to Party Government’ West European Politics Vol 31 (1 & 2): 211-34 (e)
Mair, P (1990) The West European Party System
March, L and Mudde, C. (2005) ‘What's Left of the Radical Left? The European Radical Left After 1989:
Decline and Mutation’ Comparative European Politics, Vol. 3 (1): 23-49 (e-reserve link)
Mudde, C (2007), Populist radical right parties in Europe.
Luther K.R and F. Müller-Rommel (eds.) (2002). Political parties in the new Europe: Political and Analytical
Challenges. At http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy036/2002042529.html
Parliamentary Affairs (2004) vol 56 (1) special issue What's Left? The Left in Europe Today
Panebianco, A (1988), Political Parties. Organization and Power.
Sartori, G (1976) Parties and Party Systems: a Framework for Analysis
Ware, A (1996) Political Parties and Party Systems
Webb, P et al (2002) Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies, (e)
Political Activism
Dr Nicola McEwen
Lecture 16: 14 Nov (Mon)
Democracy is about more than just voting every 4-5 years. Autocratic states usually undergo democratisation and
liberalization (when they do) only as a result of political action ‘from below’. This lecture examines how and why
political activism is now often transnational or international in scale. We ask: how ‘international’ is activism? Can
international organizations be ‘democratised’ through modern forms of political activism? How powerful are
modern global movements such as the anti-globalization movement?
Required reading:
Heywood, Andrew (2007) Politics,3rd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave, ch 14
Flanagan, J. (2009) 'Dissenters transform the art of protest' FT Weekend Magazine, 1 August Available at:
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/9124da44-7ca6-11de-a7bf-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1VD0Jm6n1
Further reading:
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Amoore, L (ed.) (2005) The Global Resistance Reader (r) JZ1318 Glo
Axtmann, R (2003) ‘Civil Society: National and Global’ in Axtmann, Roland (2003) Understanding
Democratic Politics: an Introduction.(see also chapters by Grant and Bennie) (r) JC423 Und
Ball, A R. and Peters, B. G (2005) Modern Politics and Government, 7th edition, ch 7 (r) JA66 Bal
Bandy, J and Smith, J (2005) Coalitions Across Borders: Transnational Protest and the Neoliberal Order, (r) HM
881 Coa
Beyer, C. (2007) ‘NGOs as motors of change' Government and Opposition vol 42(4): 513-534 (e)
Bhagwati, J N. (2004) In Defense of Globalization (r) HF 1359 Bha
Brown, Cand Kirsten A (2005), Understanding International Relations, 3rd edition, ch 10.
Carter, N (2007) Politics of the Environment. Ideas, Activism, Policy, 2nd ed. , ch 6 (r)
Connelly, J and Smith, G. (2003) Politics and the Environment, 2nd edition, ch3 (sl)
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Clark, A. et al. (1998) ‘The Sovereign Limits of Global Civil Society: A Comparison of NGO Participation in
UN World Conferences on the Environment, Human Rights, and Women’ World Politics vol 51(1): 1-35 (ejournal)
 Crouch, Colin (2009) ‘Privatised Keynesianism: an Unacknowledged Policy Regime’, British Journal of
Politics and International Relations, 11 (3): 382-99 (nb: interesting discussion of ‘international civic society)
 Della Porta, D. and Tarrow, S. (eds.) (2005) Transnational Protest and Global Activism, ch 1 (r) HM881 Tra
 Dalton, R J. (2002) Citizen Politics in Western Democracies, 3rd edition (sl)
 Doherty, B. (2007) ‘Friends of the Earth International: Negotiating a Transnational Identity’ Environmental
Politics vol 15(5), pp. 860-80 (e) (nb: the entire issue 15(5) is dedicated to transnational movements and may
be of interest)
 Economist (2007) ‘Cats, mice and handsets. Mobile phones and protest’ Economist 1 Dec pp 75-76 (e)
 Ferree, M. and Mueller, C. (2004) ‘Feminism and the Women’s Movement: A Global Perspective’ in Snow,
D. et al (eds.) The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements (HM 881 Bla): pp555-75 (r) HM881 Bla
 Goldstone, J A. et al (2003) States, Parties, and Social Movements (sl)
 Hay, C (2007) Why We Hate Politics JA75.7 Hay
 Held, D et al (2006) Debating Globalization, Oxford: Polity (sl)
 Held, D and McGrew, Anthony G. (2002) Globalization/Anti-globalization (r) JZ1318 Hel
 Inglehart, R (1977) Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles among Western Publics ‘Introduction’
(sl)
 Keck, M. E. and Sikkink, K (1998) Activists Beyond Borders (sl) JF 529 KEc
 Kriesi, H. (2008) ‘Social Movements’ in Caramani, D. Comparative Politics, pp392-417 (JA 86 Com) (r)
 Kriesi, H. (2008) ‘ Political Mobilisation, Political Participation and the Power of the Vote’ West European
Politics Vol 31 (1 &2) 147-168
 Norris, P (2002) Democratic Phoenix: Reinventing Political Activism (sl)
 Panton, J (2007) 'Pop Goes Politics' World Today vol 63(6), pp 4-6. (e-reserve link)
 Snow, D. Soule, S. and Kriesi, H. (eds) (2004) et al The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements (HM 881 Bla)
Whiteley, P (2004) ‘Reinventing Political Activism’, Government & Opposition, 39 (4): 632-635 (e)
Political Leadership & Executives
Dr Nicola McEwen
Lecture 17 : 17 Nov (Thur)
This lecture will examine leadership and executive power. It will ask what makes a ‘good’ political leader and
introduce different sources of political leadership, with particular focus on executive leadership in contemporary
states. It will then explain the difference between a presidential executive, parliamentary and semi-presidential
and explore the strengths and weaknesses of these different systems of governance.
Required reading:
Heywood, Andrew (2007) Politics,3rd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave, ch 17
Jones, C. O. (2003) 'Richard Neustadt: Public Servant as Scholar' Annual Review of Political Science vol 6: 1-22 (ejournal)
Further Reading
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Ball, A R. and Peters, B. Guy (2005) Modern Politics and Government, 7th edition, chs 10-11 (r)
Bennister, M. (2008) ‘Blair and Howard: Predominant Prime Ministers Compared’
Parliamentary Affairs vol 61 (2): 334-355
Collier, P. (2009) ‘Dictator’s Handboo’ (Why Democracies Fail as Elections Proliferate)’ Foreign Policy
May/Je , p65-70 (e) http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=4877
Dahl, R (1970) After the Revolution. Authority in a Good Society HN59 Dah, (r)
Dahl, R (2002) How Democratic is the American Constitution?, chpt 3: ’ (esp pp62-72) (r) KF21 Dah
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Economist, (2009) Briefing: Germany’s Chancellor. Merkl is the message’ 27 June, p33-35 (e)
Elgie, R (1999), Semi-presidentialism in Europe, Oxford: Oxford University Press (e)
Gaffney, J. (2001) ‘Imagined Relationships: Political Leadership in Contemporary Democracies’
Parliamentary Affairs vol 54(1) (e)
Gallagher, M et al (2001) Representative Government in Modern Europe, ch2
Hague, R and Harrop, M (2007) Comparative Government and Politics, ch15 (r) JF 51 Hag
Helms, L (2008) ‘Governing in the Media Age: The Impact of the Mass Media on Executive Leadership in
Contemporary Democracies’ Government and Opposition vol 43(1): 26-54 (e)
Helms, L (2006) ‘The Changing Parameters of Political Control in Western Europe’ Parliamentary Affairs
Vol. 59 (1): 78–97 (e)
Helms, L (2004) Presidents, Prime Ministers and Chancellors. Executive Leadership in Western Democracies, pp.
3-22 (r) JF 251 Hel
Jones, Charles O. (1994) The Presidency in a Separated SystemJK516 Jon
Lijphart, A (1999) Patterns of Democracy, chs 6-7
Linz, J J. and Valenzuela, A (1994) The Failure of Presidential Democracy.
O'Malley, E. (2006) ‘Investigating the Effects of Directly Electing the Prime Minister’ Government and
Opposition vol 41(2): 137-56 (e)
Neutstadt, R (1990) Presidential power and the modern presidents : the politics of leadership from Roosevelt to
Reagan. chapter 1.
Nye, J. (2008) The Powers to Lead, especially chap 2 ‘Leadership and Power’ (pp27-54) JC 330.3 Nye (r) See
also interview with Nye at: http://www.hks.harvard.edu/newsevents/publications/insight/international/joseph-nye
Rose, Richard (2001) The Prime Minister in a Shrinking World, Cambridge: Polity Press
Salam, R (2009) ‘The Death of Macho’ Foreign Policy July/Aug, p65-70 (e)
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/06/18/the_death_of_macho?page=0,0
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Stokes, E (2009) 'The Secret Behind good leadership' FT Weekend Magazine 16/17 May
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/b44ce45a-4027-11de-9ced-00144feabdc0.html
Toye, R. (2008) ‘The Churchill Syndrome: Reputational Entrepreneurship and the Rhetoric of Foreign
Policy since 1945’ British Journal of Politics and International Relations vol 10(3)
Ziller, J (2001) ‘European models of government: towards a patchwork with missing pieces’, Parliamentary
Affairs 54/1 (e)
Additional Websites:
 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/index.html : the US’ Central Intelligence
Agency’s regularly updated global directory of chief executives.
 www.guide2womenleaders.com/index.html Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership contains short
bios of current and former female heads of state and govt.
Legislatures & Representation
Dr Nicola McEwen
Lecture 18: 21 Nov (Mon)
Do legislatures matter any more? Legislatures are key components in representative democracies yet some
scholars suggest they have lost much of their law-making capacity, representational legitimacy, and ability to
control the executive. This lecture will review the various functions attributed to legislatures, and discuss current
debates concerning legislatures’ relevance in contemporary states.
Required reading:
Heywood, A (2007) Politics, 3rd ed, Basingstoke: Palgrave, ch 16
Wittman, A (2007) 'Voting for and against war' World Today vol 63(5) May, pp 9-11. (e-reserve)
Further reading:
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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Allen, N. and Dean. J. (2008) ‘No (Parliamentary) Gender Gap Please, We're British’ Political Quarterly vol
79 (2): 212-220 (e)
Arter, D (2003) ‘Parliaments’ in Axtmann, R (2003) Understanding Democratic Politic, ch 13
Ayata, A G and Tütüncü, F. (2008) ‘Critical Acts without a Critical Mass: The Substantive Representation
of Women in the Turkish Parliament’ Parliamentary Affairs vol 61 (3) : 461-475 (e)
Ball, Alan R. and Peters, B. Guy (2005) Modern Politics and Government, Basingstoke: Palgrave, 7th edition, ch
9 (r) JA66 Bal
Celis, K. and Childs, S (2008) ‘Introduction: The Descriptive and Substantive Representation of Women:
New Directions’ Parliamentary Affairs, vol 61 (3): 419-425 ) [part of special Issue of Parliamentary Affairs on
The Political Representation of Women]
Childs, S. and Withey, J. (2006) The Substantive Representation of Women: The Case of the Reduction of
VAT on Sanitary Products Parliamentary Affairs vol 59(1) 10-23 (e)
Gallagher, M et al (2001) Representative Government in Modern Europe, ch 3
Gibbons, V. (2007) ‘ Lights, Camera, Inaction? The Media Reporting of Parliament’ Parliamentary Affairs
vol 60: 700-708
Hague, R and Harrop, M (2007) Comparative Government and Politics: an Introduction, ch 14, JF 51 Hag
Hayward, J.E.S. (1995) The Crisis of Representation in Europe, London: Frank Cass,
Heywood, A (2000) Key Concepts in Politics, chs 5-7
Heywood, P. (2002) ‘Executive Capacity and Legislative Limits’ in Heywood, Paul et al (eds), Developments
in West European Politics 2
Katz, R. (2007) ‘The Legislative Branch’ in Political Institutions in the United States, (r) JK 305 Kat
Kelso, A (2009) ‘Parliament on its Knees: MPs' Expenses and the Crisis of Transparency at Westminster’
Political Quarterly vol 80(1) (p 329-338)
Kreppel, A (2008) ‘Legislatures’ in Caramani, D. Comparative Politics, pp159-188 (JA 86 Com) (r)
Kurian, G.T. et al (eds) (2002) World Encyclopedia of Parliaments and Legislatures
Lijphart, A (1992) (ed) Parliamentary versus Presidential Government, pp. 1-27 (e-reserve link)
Lijphart, A (1999) Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-six Countries, pp. 1-27
(r)JC421 Lij
Phillips, A (1995) The Politics of Presence, ch 1 (e-book)
Stockemer, D. (2008) ‘Women’s Representation: A comparison between European and the Americas’
Politics vol 28(2): 65-73
Strom, K. et al (2003) Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies (sl)
Waylen, G. (2008) ‘ Enhancing the Substantive Representation of Women: Lessons from Transitions to
Democracy’ Parliamentary Affairs vol 61 (3): 518-534;
Additional Websites:
 For websites of national parliaments, see http://wc.wustl.edu/parliaments.html;
 www.c-span.org/international/links.asp - a clearinghouse of televised legislatures and legislature websites
from around the world
 www.ipu.org/english/home.htm - provides useful links to parliaments around the world and other
parliamentary related information
 www.funtrivia.com/trivia-quiz/World/Parliaments-of-the-World-23158.html - Bored? test your knowledge
of legislatures
Revision
Dr Wilfried Swenden
Lecture 19: 24 Nov (Thurs)
The lecture slot on 24 November 2011 will be used for a Question/Answer and Exam Revision session. Dr
Swenden will answer substantive questions emailed by students beforehand, go over sample questions, and offer
tips on how best to prepare for the exam and perform your best during the exam.
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Student Representation
Student Staff Meeting
Matters relating to the organisation and teaching of IPIR are discussed at a student staff meeting attended by
student representatives from each tutorial, and teaching staff. In the first week of tutorials each tutorial group is
asked to identify a representative to attend the IPIR student-staff meeting, which will take place on Thurs, 20 Oct
2011, 13-14.00 (Location to be announced).
The role of tutorial representatives is two fold. First, Representatives will play a key role leading and monitoring
tutorial group webCT discussions (more information in your first tutorial)
Representatives main function,
however, is to make sure that students' interests are fully accounted for in the course design, delivery and
administration. They can raise questions at the meeting, and will also be asked to comment on questions raised by
staff. Student representation is only effective if representatives feel able to speak for many or most, if not all
students on the course. It is important to discuss concerns relating to the course in tutorials, and time will be made
available for such discussion. Of course, representatives should feel free to approach the course organiser with any
concern during the term.
At the student staff meeting we will also identify two IPIR representatives to attend Politics/IR meetings where
general matters are discussed. These meetings are attended by Politics/IR staff and student representatives from
every year.
The system of student representation is one of the ways in which the course is monitored as it progresses. A more
explicit evaluation by questionnaire takes place at the end of the course. Students will be asked to comment on the
course’s design, delivery and administration.
The Politics Society
The Politics Society is organised and run entirely by Politics and IR students, although students from other subjects
are very welcome to participate in its activities. Financial support is provided by EUSA, allowing students to
invite visiting speakers and organise social events.
The International Relations Society
The International Relations Society (IR Society) is student-run society which hosts regular social gatherings,
provides support services for incoming IR students, and builds contacts with appropriate organisations inside and
outside the university.
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Course organiser: Dr Wilfried Swenden
Contacts
Email
Phone no.
Location
Office Hours
w.swenden@ed.ac.uk
650 4255
CMB 3.05
Monday 11.30-13.30
Course Secretary (Miss Ruth Nicol)
Email
Ruth.Nicol@ed.ac.uk
Phone no.
650 4457
Location
CMB G.04/05
Office Hours
Mon – Fri 10.00 - 12.00 & 14.00 -16.00
The office staff in the Politics/IR Undergraduate Teaching Office are available in the Chrystal Macmillan
Building, Room G.04/05 to answer student enquiries from 10-12.00 and from 14:00 – 16:00. The IPIR secretary is
able to answer any relevant general queries. But please check first to see if the answer is given in this course guide,
the SSPS student handbook, or on the Politics/IR notice boards. And note that the secretaries are unlikely to know
where various members of staff are at any given moment; it is better to send an email message to that person or
check their office hours on the Politics/IR website: (www.pol.ed.ac.uk).
Lecturers
Name
Dr Nicola McEwen
Dr Vassilios Paipais
Prof John Peterson
Dr Wilfried Swenden
Email
N.McEwen@ed.ac.uk
V.Paipais@ed.ac.uk
john.peterson@ed.ac.uk
W.Swenden@ed.ac.uk
Phone no.
651 1831
650 4069
651 3023
650 4255
Location
21 George Square, 1.02
CMB 5.10
CMB 3.29
CMB 3.05
Lecturing staff can be contacted personally in their own rooms: each has allocated specific office hours for this
which are posted on their office door and available on the Politics website (www.pol.ed.ac.uk). You can also
contact them by email or telephone.
Tutors:
Tutor
Email
Gavin Barber
gavinbarber14@yahoo.co.uk
Peter James Chonka
P.J.Chonka@sms.ed.ac.uk
Maggie Dwyer
M.Dwyer@sms.ed.ac.uk
Andris Kokins
A.Kokins@sms.ed.ac.uk
Darcy Leigh
D.M.Leigh@sms.ed.ac.uk
Trent Olsen
P.T.Olsen@sms.ed.ac.uk
Michal Rozynek
– Senior Tutor
Kelsey Wrightson
mrozynek@gmail.com
K.R.Wrightson@sms.ed.ac.uk
REMINDER: When you send e-mails to your tutor or others who teach this course, you should use your university email
account. You may set up any other e-mail accounts you may have so that messages are automatically directed to your
university email address..
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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Further Study of Politics
Progression
If you pass IPIR and Democracy in Comparative Perspective (semester 2) you will be eligible to take ‘International
Cooperation in Europe and Beyond’ (ICEB) next year.
If you are registered for a Politics or IR degree, pass IPIR and DCP, reach Honours standard in ICEB and the two
other School required course, and pass 240 credits you may normally read Politics or IR Honours. Please see the
SSPS handbook for further information about progression to Honours.
http://www.sps.ed.ac.uk/undergrad/year_1_2/progression_to_honours.
There are a number of joint degrees with Politics. At present these include: [Politics and] History, Economics,
Economic and Social History, Sociology, Social Policy, German, French, Spanish, Geography, Philosophy, and Law.
Note IR is only offered as a joint honours degree with International Law (IR and IL or LLB IL and IR) If you have
any queries, consult your Director of Studies.
Transfers
If you are not currently registered for a Politics or IR degree but wish to study either subject please note that both
subjects are extremely popular and that transfers are not automatic; they must be approved by Politics/IR and the
School’s Senior Director of Studies. Transfers into Politics or IR will only be considered for students who have
completed their 2nd year at pre-honours level and who qualify under SSPS rules for entry to honours. Politics/IR also
applies a QUOTA FOR ENTRY INTO HONOURS and holds a competitive annual application for places. The deadline
for transfer applications will be 30 April 2012, and further details about the transfer process can be found on the School
website at: http://www.sps.ed.ac.uk/undergrad/year_1_2/changing_degree_programme. Please consult this page
before applying for degree transfer.
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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Appendix 1: Guide to using WebCT
Introduction
In addition to the usual lecture and tutorial format this course will be using a web-based learning environment to
give easy access to essential course materials. Other features include a weekly checklist, a calendar, and links to
additional information and websites. A discussion forum will allow you to communicate online with members of
your tutorial group and the wider course community.
The suite of tools we are using is called WebCT, which provides a closed system that only students and teaching
staff from a particular course can access. The system is delivered via web browser Internet Explorer, and therefore
can be accessed on campus using the library and computer labs or off campus if you have access to the Internet 1.
You should log-on to the course WebCT pages at least a couple of times a week; we will be using these pages for essential
communications about the course, up-dates about new material etc.
Accessing WebCT
You can access WebCT from your personal page detailing courses via
https://www.myed.ed.ac.uk/ Selecting your course takes you to the course homepage.
the
MyEd
Portal:
Tutorial Sign-on
The tutorial sign up will only be available until the end of Week 1 of Semester (Friday 24 September 2010). If you
have not yet signed up for a tutorial by this time, please contact the course secretary as soon as possible. NB: If you
fail to register and fail to attend the first tutorial we assume you do no intend on taking the course.
Key features of WebCT
Politics courses make extensive use of WebCT, so getting used to this virtual learning environment is important
from the start. Experience has shown that the students who use this technology usually get more out of tutorials
and are more prepared for the exam. Some key features to look out for in using WebCT for IPIR include:
Discussion
You are encouraged to make use of the discussion forum available to all students taking IPIR. Your tutors will set
up individual discussion groups for you to communicate with fellow students. This forum is a space for you to
express your thoughts and ideas about politics in a supportive and creative way. To use the discussion tool you
can compose a new message or reply to a previously posted message. These are some guidelines to make the most
of the discussions:
1. Participate; you need to communicate with each other to get the most out of this course.
2. Be persistent; this is a new environment for everyone.
3. Share tips and asks questions even if you think they may be silly; these are often the questions that everyone
has on their mind.
1 The main computer labs should be set up to support WebCT. Ask computer services staff if you have any problems. If you have problems using WebCT off campus,
you can access a browser tune up facility from 'browser check' on the myWebCT page menu.
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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4. Before you push the send button re-read your message to check for clarity and think about how your message
will be generally received.
5. The language and tone of your message should reflect the ground rules set in tutorials and expected in essays.
Avoid offensive language or language that could be considered racist, sexist etc. Violators will be banned
from further discussion.
6. If you are sharing information with other students on ideas or quotations, give a reference whenever possible.
Announcements
We’ll use the WebCt page to inform you of upcoming events, changes and additions to course material and so on.
Lecture Handouts
This page contains Powerpoint slides from the IPIR lectures. These will be available shortly after the lecture in
PowerPoint Format
Essays
Essay questions (also in course guide), tips and guidance will be posted under the essay icon on the main page.
Polling
Throughout the course you may be given the chance to vote on some issues related to the lectures and/or core
reading.
Web Links
You can click on the Web Links tab to access a series of websites especially helpful to students of Politics and
International Relations.
Questions about WEbCT?
Try Student FAQs: http://www.elearn.malts.ed.ac.uk/webct/student_faqs.phtml
Appendix 2: Guide to Referencing
REFERENCING
The fundamental purpose of proper referencing is to provide the reader with a clear idea of where you obtained
your information, quote, idea, etc. NOTE: You will lose points on your essay for sloppy or inadequate
referencing.
We strongly recommend the Harvard-style (or ‘in text’) system which is simple to use. Here’s how it works:
1. After you have quoted from or referred to a particular text in your essay, add in parentheses the author's name,
the year of publication and page numbers (if relevant). Place the full reference in your bibliography. Here is an
example of a quoted passage and its proper citation:
Quotation in essay:
‘Quite simply, political theory and political practice are inseparably linked.’ (Heywood 1998: 3).
Book entry in bibliography:
Heywood, A. (1998) Political Ideologies: An Introduction. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Macmillan
Note the sequence: author, year of publication, title, edition if needed, place of publication, publisher. Note also
that you should not italicise quotations.
2. If you are employing someone else’s arguments, ideas or categorisation, you will need to cite them even if you
are not using a direct quote. One simple way to do so is as follows:
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
36
Gallagher (1997: 129) argues that future European Parliament elections are unlikely to generate more interest than
past ones.
3. Your sources may well include journal or newspaper articles, book chapters, and internet sites. Below we show
you how to cite these various sources:
Chapters in book:
In your essay, cite the author as above, i.e. (Gallagher 1997).
In your bibliography details should be arranged in this sequence: author of chapter, year of publication, chapter
title, title of book, editor(s) of book, place of publication, publisher, article or chapter pages.
For example:
Gallagher, M. (1997) ‘Electoral Systems and Voting Behaviour’ in Developments in West European Politics, M. Rhodes,
P. Heywood and V. Wright (eds), Basingstoke: Palgrave, pp 114-130.
Journal Article:
In your essay, cite as above (Doherty 2007)
In your bibliography, details should be arranged in this sequence: author of journal article, year of publication,
article title, journal title, journal volume, journal issue, article pages
For example:
Doherty, B. (2007) ‘Friends of the Earth International: Negotiating a Transnational Identity’ Environmental Politics
vol 15(5), pp. 860-80
Newspaper or magazine article:
If the article has an author, cite as normal in text (Ascherson 1992).
In bibliography cite as follows:
Ascherson, N (1992) ‘The New Europe’ The Independent on Sunday Magazine 9 February, pp 31-4.
If the article has no author, cite name of newspaper in text (Economist, 2007) and list the source in bibliography by
magazine or newspaper title.
For example:
Economist (2007) ‘America in the Middle East: arming its friends and talking peace’ 4 August 2007, p 38.
Internet sites:
If the site has an author cite in text as normal: i.e. (Álvarez-Rivera, 2007)
In the bibliography, provide a full reference which should include author, date, title of website and URL address:
For example:
Álvarez-Rivera, M (2007) ‘Election Resources on the Internet’ Available at: http://ElectionResources.org/
If the website has no author, cite the short address of the site in your text (http://europa.eu)
In the bibliography, provide a full reference including title of website, URL address, publisher or owner of site
For example:
‘The European Union’s Institutions’ (http://europa.eu/index_en.htm) The European Union’s official portal site.
(If no date is available, indicate date you accessed the site)
4. If you prefer to use footnote citations, please follow the format used in reputable journals such as West European
Politics. These journals include (usually on the back cover) a brief guide to referencing.
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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If you have any questions about referencing you can check with your tutor or one of the writing guides listed in
below
Appendix 3: Essay Writing Guidance
Make sure you communicate your ideas clearly in essays and exams. Use proper grammar, spell words correctly
and adopt the appropriate style for academic writing. We recommend the following classic guides, all of which
are available in the main library.



Creme, P. & M.R. Lea. (2003). Writing at University: A Guide for Students. shelfmark LB 2369 Cre
Strunk William I. & White E.B. (1999) The Elements of Style shelfmark: PE 1408 Str
Turabian, Kate L. (1996) A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations. shelfmark: Ref 0296
Tur
Writing and study skills: help is at hand!
We also recommend you check out the office or website of the University’s Teaching, Learning and Assessment
Centre, which can help you with writing, note-taking and studying for exams:
http://www.tla.ed.ac.uk/services/effect-learn/advice.htm
A list of sessions available to students in Autumn 2011 is available at: http://www.tla.ed.ac.uk/services/effectlearn/Mtmonew.htm No need to book – just turn up.
IF YOU NEED HELP WITH YOUR WRITING, GET IT. IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO DO WELL IN THE STUDY OF
POLITICS OR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS UNLESS YOU WRITE WELL.
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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Appendix 4: Essay Feedback Form
Essay Feedback Form
Student exam number:
Essay question number:
Criteria
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Satisfactory
Unsatisfactory
Addresses
question set?
Shows wide
ranging basic
knowledge and
grasp of contents?
Develops a
logical and
effective pattern
of argument?
Supports
arguments with
examples where
relevant?
Is well and
correctly
referenced?
Is clear and wellwritten?
Penalty imposed for late or over-long essay?
Comments:
Provisional Mark:
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
39
R
Appendix 5: Past IPIR Exam Questions
Below are some exam questions asked in previous years. Since Dec 2009 the exam
has consisted of two parts, part A which features primarily politics topics and
part B which lists primarily IR topics. You will be asked to answer one question
from each section. The December 2011 exam will adopt the same format as the
2009 and 2010 exams.
DECEMBER 2010 EXAM
Part A
1. Can there be a viable state without nationalism?
2. How does the choice of electoral system affect political representation? Refer to at least two different
types of electoral system
3. Why aren’t more women in positions of political leadership?
Part B
1. 'To what extent are states' foreign policy dominated by concerns about sovereignty? Refer to at least
two different states in your answer. '
2. Has globalisation changed the core features of political activism?
3. To what extent are ‘new security threats’ more important than ‘old security threats’?
DECEMBER 2009 EXAM
Part A
1. Is the state a 'necessary evil'? Discuss in relation to two different ideologies.
2. Can a legislature be representative and effective?
3. Are there ‘good’ and ‘bad’ nationalisms?
Part B
4. Is civic participation in democratic politics in permanent decline?
5. Is an ethical foreign policy possible? Answer with reference to theories of International Relations.
6. ‘The central focus in the study of international relations should be states and their interactions’. Do
you agree?
DECEMBER 2008 EXAM
1. How well does elite theory explain the distribution of power in modern society? In your answer
refer to at least two contemporary political issues.
2. Critically examine the effect of globalization on states’ key functions.
3. Is the main distinction between party systems one of ideology?
4. Can foreign policy analysis alone provide an adequate explanation of international relations?
5. Are human rights secondary to state sovereignty within the international system?
6. Does a decline in political parties mean a rise in other sorts of political activism?
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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IPIR Lecture Programme Autumn 2011: Overview
Lectures are held Mondays and Thursdays, 15.00 in the David Hume Tower, Lecture Theatre A
Week
Lectur
e
Date
Lecturer
1
1
Mon
19 Sept
WS
2
Thur
22 Sept
2
3
Mon 26
Sept
JP
2
4
Thurs
29 Sept
NM
Power & Society
3
5
Mon
3 Oct
JP
Power &
sovereignty
3
6
Thurs
6 Oct
WS
The State
4
7
Mon
10 Oct
VP
States and
foreign policy
4
8
Thurs
13 Oct
VP
Anarchy &
Interdependence
9
Mon
17 Oct
1
5
5
10
Thurs
20 Oct
JP
VP
VP
Monday
24 Oct
6
Title
Reading*
To be covered
Introduction
Tutorial Task
Organization &
expectations
What is Politics?
What is IR?
Globalisation
Morality & IR
no lecture
6
11
Thur
27 Oct
JP
Ideology
7
12
Mon
31 Oct
WS
Nationalism
AH ch 1,
Stoker, Why
Politics Matters,
ch1
B & A, ch1;
Mearsheimer,
E H Carr vs
Idealism
AH ch 9, 195203; Lukes,
Power
B & A, ch2; S
Krasner,
Compromising
Westphalia
AH ch 5; Gill,
Nature of
Modern State
B&A ch 4;
Allison ,
Cuban Missile
Crisis
B&A ch 5; US
and EU
Security
Strategy
documents
B&A chs 7 and
9
B&A ch 11,
Barnett,
‘Duties
Beyond
Borders’
Essay due
26 Oct., 15.00
AH chs 2-3;
Fukuyama End
of History
AH ch 6; Alter,
Nationalism
Defining politics;
dilemmas of democracy;
government v.
governance, art v. science
Anarchy & order, war &
peace, poverty & wealth,
theory & practice
Defining ‘power’; faces of
power; equality; class,
race, gender
States v. markets; intro to
IR theory; humanitarian
intervention
Theories of the state, inter
& intra-state conflict; state
failure
The Cold War, domestic
actors, foreign policy
analysis
Security & insecurity,
proliferation & terrorism,
new security issues
Non-state actors, global
governance, international
political economy
Human rights,
international law
Essay due
26 Oct., 15.00
Liberalism, conservatism,
socialism, feminism,
religious fundamentalism
Nations v. states, political
culture, political
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PLIT08004 Introduction to Politics and International Relations
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communication
13
Thur
3 Nov
WS
Sub-state
nationalism
14
Mon
7 Nov
WS
Elections &
voting
8
8
15
Thur
10 Nov
WS
8
16
Mon
14 Nov
NM
Political
activism
17
Thur
17 Nov
NM
Political
Leadership
(executives)
10
18
Mon
21 Nov
NM
Representation
(legislatures)
10
19
WS
Revision
7
9
11
Thur
24 Nov
Mon
28
Nov
Political parties
No lecture
AH ch 8,
Keating,
Nations Against
the State, ch 3
AH ch 12,
Farrell,
Electoral
Systems
AH ch 13,
Mair, Party
System Change,
chs 2,5
AH ch 14;
Panton, ‘Pop
Goes Politics’
AH ch 16-17;
Neustadt
Presidential
Power
AH ch 15;
Wittman,
voting for war
Review
readings
Constitutions, devolution,
ethnic politics, subsidiarity
Theories of voting,
electoral systems, voting
behaviour
Representation, interest
aggregation, party systems
Protest; social movements;
intl. organizations, NGOs
Political leadership, types
of executives
Parliamentary
government, legislatures,
legitimacy
Exam review and tips
Exams 12-21 Dec 11
11
Lecturers: Dr. Nicola McEwen, Prof John Peterson, Dr. Vassilios Paipais, Dr Wilfried Swenden
*Required course texts: Andrew Heywood (AH), Politics, 3rd edition (2007); Chris Brown with
Kirsten Ainley, (B & A) Understanding International Relations, 4th ed (2009)
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