Population
Chapter 2
National and World Population
http://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html
Where in the World do People Live and Why?
World Population Distribution and Density
East Asia
- ¼ of world population here
South Asia
- bound by the Himalayas and a desert in Pakistan
Europe
- population is concentrated in cities
North America
- megalopolis
A Population Bomb?
Malthus (early 1800s) worried about population growing exponentially and resources
growing linearly.
(1960s) warned of a population bomb because the world’s population was
outpacing food production.
Alternative Views of Population Growth
Julian Simon- argued that increasing wealth and technology make more resources
available
Ester Boserup- argued that the more people there are, the more hands there are to work.
As population increases, more pressure is placed on the existing agricultural system,
which stimulates invention.
Ehrlich/Simon Wager
1980 they bet over price of copper in 10 years
Ehrlich said it would go up, Simon said it would go down
Population increased 800 million- largest increase ever at that point
Simon won
Ehrlich
Doubling Time
population
1804– reached 1 billion
1927- 2 billion
1960- 3 billion
1975- 4 billion
1983- 5 billion
1999- 6 billion
2011- 7 billion

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4BbkQiQyaYc
RNI
Currently about .6% in USA
Currently about 3% in Burkina Faso
Currently about .02% in Japan
The higher the RNI the faster the population is growing.
A negative RNI means the population is decreasing
TFR
The higher the TFR the faster the RNI.
2.1
is replacement TFR
TFR
TFR
TFR
in USA is about 2
in Japan is about 1.4
in Burkina Faso is 6.4
Why do you think women in some countries have fewer children than in other countries?
Population Growth in India
Significant demographic variations occur within countries.
In India, growth rates are higher in the east and northeast.
Why do Growth Rates Vary in India?
1960s population planning program
1970s country began forced sterilization program for men with 3 or more children.
22.5 million men were sterilized.
Why do Growth Rates Vary in India?
2004 state of Uttar Pradesh began guns for sterilization program.
Today, most states use advertising and persuasion to lower birth rates.
Birth Rate
Higher birth rate means higher population growth
USA Birth rate is 14
Burkina Faso’s birth rate
Japan’s birth rate is 8
is 45
Death Rate
USA’s death rate is 8
Japan’s death rate is 9
Burkina Faso’s death rate is 15
Why do you think these vary in the way they do?
Demographic Transition Model
The Demographic Transition in Great Britain
Studied the change in birth rates, death rates, and natural growth rates over the course
of British industrialization.
Found
a transition occurred when death rates decline and then birth rates decline,
resulting in a low or sustained growth rate.
The Demographic Transition
Stage 1: Low Growth
Stage
2: High Growth
Stage
3: Moderate Growth
Stage
4: Low Growth or Stationary
Stationary
population level (SPL)?
Why does Population Composition Matter?
Population Composition
Population Composition is concerned with:
Gender distribution
Age distribution within a country, region, or place.
Population Pyramids for Poor Countries
Population Pyramids for Wealthy Countries
Infant Mortality in the United States
Age Structure of a Population
The populations of many countries are aging.
- eg. Europe
- eg. Japan
Aging Populations
To replace the population, TFR must be 2.1.
TFR in Bologna, Italy is 0.8
Why are women having fewer children?
What
What
are the impacts of an aging population on a country?
are the “solutions” to an aging population?
How do Governments Affect Population Change?
Government Population Policies
Expansive Population Policies
- Encourages population growth.
Eugenic Population Policies
- Favors one racial or cultural sector over others.
Restrictive Population Policies
- range from toleration of unapproved birth control to outright prohibition of large
families.
China’s One Child Policy