LPEM FEUI
FEUI
LPEM
2014-02
Institute
Institutefor
for Economic
Economic
and
and Social
Social Research
Research
LPEM
LPEM
FEUI
FEUI
BRIEF
BRIEF
Faculty
Facultyof
of Economics
Economics University
University of
of Indonesia
Indonesia
www.solopos.com
Textile and Textile Products, Footwear, and Furniture
Industries: Could They Continue to Develop?
I Kadek Dian Sutrisna Artha1 dan Uka Wikarya2
Editor :
Jayu Pramudya
Editor :
:
JayuSetting
Pramudya
Dian Purnamasari
Setting :
Dian Purnamasari
September 2014
www.lpem.org
September 2014
www.lpem.org
Executive Summary
Summary
Executive
Industri manufaktur Indonesia memiliki potensi untuk berperan sebagai
Indonesia’s
manufacturing
industry has thekarena
potentialberkaitan
to act as leading
sector
in
leading sector penguatan
perekonomian,
dengan
sektor
strengthening
the economy,
it is linked
other
sectors and
significant analisis
valuelain, dan bernilai
tambahbecause
signifikan.
Studitoini
bertujuan
(1) has
Melakukan
added.
This studyserta
aims (2)
to (1)
perform historical
data
analysis;
and (2)industrial
make projections
data historis;
Melakukan
proyeksi
atas
indikator
terpilih.
over
the
chosen
industrial
indicators.
The
object
of
the
study
covers
the
industrial
Objek kajian meliputi sub-sektor industri Tekstil dan Produk Tekstil (TPT), alas
subsectors
textile and
textile
products
(Tekstil dan
Produk
Tekstil/TPT), footwear, and
kaki, sertaoffurnitur,
dalam
periode
pengamatan
1990
- 2012.
furniture, in observation period of 1990-2012.
Ketiga sub-sektor dihadapkan pada permasalahan umum meliputi (1)
Keterbatasan
industri
bahan
penolong;
(2) Kelemahan
teknologi;
The three
subsectors
arebaku
faceddan
with
general issues
including (1)
lack of raw(3) Keterpusatan ekspor pada beberapa komoditas dan negara tujuan; serta
materials and auxiliary industries; (2) technological weaknesses; (3) exports that are
(4) Ketidaksesuaian
produk.
1% PDB and
dunia
concentrated
in some standar
commodities
andPeningkatan
destination countries;
(4)diperkirakan
discrepancy in
ketiga
sub-sektor
sebesar
0.08%.
Kenaikan
pendapatan
per
riil
product standards. An increase in world’s GDP by 1% is expected to increasekapita
GDP in the
secara
domestikbysebesar
1%rise
berasosiasi
pertumbuhan
0,42%.
three
subsectors
0.08%. A
in real perdengan
capita income
by 1% domestically
will
Rekomendasi
untuk
sub-sektor
TPT
meliputi
(1)
Pemberdayaan
industri
associate with 0.42% of growth.
hulu, seperti produsen fiber, rayon, poliester, dan serat alam berbahan nonRecommendations
for TPT aturan
subsectorperemajaan
include (1) empowerment
of upstream dukungan
industries,
kapas; (2) Pengetatan
mesin; (3) Penyediaan
such
rayon, polyester,
non-cotton natural
fiber producers;pasokan
(2) stricter energi.
rules of
danaas fiber,
investasi;
serta (4) and
Penjaminan
kesinambungan
machinery
refurbishment;
(3) provisionalas
for kaki
the support
investment
funds;kembali
and (4)
Rekomendasi
untuk sub-sektor
adalahof (1)
Peninjauan
assurance
uninterrupted
supply
of energy.dan
Recommendations
for footwear
subsector
laranganfor
impor
kulit dari
Tiongkok
pengkajian wacana
pembatasan
are
(1) reevaluation
ban on Chinese
leather
and assessment
of the
plansubto
ekspor
kulit; serta of
(2)import
Pemantapan
koordinasi
tripartit.
Rekomendasi
bagi
restrict
exports berupa
of leather;
and (2) consolidation
of tripartite
coordination.
sektor furnitur
(1) Minimalisasi
hambatan institusional;
(2) Pengawasan
Recommendations
fordan
furniture
subsector are
(1) minimization of institutional barriers; (2)
pembalakan liar,
pembatasan
eskpor
monitoring of illegal loggings and restricting exports of timber; (3) assessing the plan for
Exports Buffer Agency (Badan
Penyangga
and
(4) improvement
of labor
Kepala Kajian
MakroekonomiEkspor);
dan Energi LPEM
( uka.wikarya@gmail.com
)
regulations.
1
2
Director of LPEM (kadekartha@lpem-feui.org)
LPEM Head of Macroeconomic and Energy Studies (uka.wikarya@gmail.com)
LPEM
LPEM FEUI
FEUI
LPEM POLICY BRIEF
Lembaga
Institute forPenyelidikan
Economic Ekonomi
dan
and Masyarakat
Social Research
FakultasofEkonomi
Universitas
Indonesia
Faculty
Economics
University
of Indonesia
Pendahuluan
Introduction
Pertumbuhan ekonomi dunia, termasuk
economic
growth, diperkirakan
including thatakan
of
negara World
- negara
berkembang
developinglebih
countries,
is predicted
to grow
faster
in 2014
tumbuh
cepat
di tahun
2014
dibanding
than it 2014
did in(IMF,
2013 2013).
(IMF, 2013).
Indonesia, which
tahun
Indonesia
yang
recorded a 5.3% growth in 2013, is expected to
mencatatkan pertumbuhan 5,3% di tahun 2013
experience an acceleration of growth into 5.5% in 2014.
diharapkan mengalami percepatan pertumThe expectation has been overshadowed by various
buhan menjadi 5,5% di tahun 2014. Harapan
problems such as the weakening of rupiah, as well as
tersebut masih dibayangi oleh berbagai
increases in inflation and interest rates. Balance of
permasalahan seperti pelemahan nilai tukar
payments deficit due to soaring imports is the factor
rupiah, serta peningkatan inflasi dan tingkat suku
believed to have provided significant contribution to the
bunga. Defisit neraca pembayaran akibat
emergence of the problems. Practically, balancing the
melambungnya impor merupakan faktor yang
trade balance becomes a necessity in order that
diyakini memberi sumbangsih signifikan dalam
Indonesia’s growth projections will not be hampered.
memunculkan masalah tersebut. Praktis, peEfforts to strengthen exports have actually faced an
nyeimbangan neraca perdagangan merupakan
indication of positive responses from businesses,
keniscayaan agar proyeksi pertumbuhan
judging from the shift in foreign investment from
Indonesia urung terhambat. Upaya penguatan
tertiary sector and in domestic investment from primary
ekspor sebenarnya menghadapi indikasi
sector, both move towards secondary sector in
tanggapan
positif
dariManufacturing
pelaku usaha,
ditilik
dari
manufacturing
industry.
industry
in this
pergeseran
investasi
luarthe
negeri
dari sektor
tersier
case is believed
to possess
potentials
to act as
the
dan
investasi
domestik
dari
sektor
primer,
leading sector in economic strengthening, given its
keduanya
menuju
sektor with
sekunder
di industri
nature of broad
engagement
other sectors
and
manufaktur.
Industri
manufaktur
dalam
hal
ini
providing material value-added to products by optimally
diyakini
memiliki
potensi untuk berperan sebagai
utilizing factors
of production.
leading sector penguatan perekonomian, meDetermining
the validity
of assumption
will directly
ngingat
sifatnya
yang memiliki
keterikatan
luas
influence
the
accuracy
of
projection.
Fluctuating
factors
dengan sektor lain, dan memberikan nilai
such as trends,
cycles,
and seasonal
also
tambah
secara
material
bagimovement
produk will
dengan
be observed as influential
factors.secara
The objects
of this
memanfaatkan
faktor produksi
optimal.
study include
the industrial
subsectors
of textile
Penentuan
keabsahan
asumsi
akan and
bertextile
products
(Tekstil
dan
Produk
Tekstil/TPT),
pengaruh langsung terhadap keakuratan
footwear, and
furniture.
The fluktuatif
three subsectors
tend
to
proyeksi.
Faktor
- faktor
seperti
trend,
have characteristics
close to
labor-intensive,
thus
siklus,
dan pergerakan
musiman
akan turut
providingsebagai
enormous
contribution
to job creation
if
diamati
faktor
yang berpengaruh.
Objek
effectively
the Tekstil
three
kajian
studi managed.
ini meliputiQuantitatively,
sub-sektor industri
subsectors
analyzed
based
onkaki,
quarterly
dan
Produkare
Tekstil
(TPT),
alas
sertahistorical
furnitur.
data
in
the
period
between
1990-2012.
Ketiga sub-sektor tersebut cenderung mendekati
karakteristik padat karya, sehingga akan
memberikan sumbangsih besar dalam
penciptaan lapangan pekerjaan jika dapat
dikelola secara efektif. Secara kuantitatif, ketiga
sub-sektor tersebut dianalisis berdasar data
historis kuartalan antara periode 1990 - 2012.
2
General Issues Umum
Permasalahan
Meskipun memiliki kekhasan masing Despite having distinct characteristics from one
masing, ketiga sub-sektor cenderung dihadap
another, all three subsectors tend to be faced by the
kan pada permasalahan umum industri nasional.
general issues in national industries. Internally, those
Secara internal, permasalahan tersebut meliputi
issues cover (1) limited number and capacity of basic
(1) Keterbatasan jumlah dan kemampuan industri
industries needed as providers of raw and auxiliary
dasar yang diperlukan sebagai penyedia bahan
materials; (2) weaknesses in the mastery of technology
baku dan bahan penolong; (2) Kelemahan pada
and research and development activities; (3) exports
penguasaan teknologi, aktivitas penelitian dan
that are concentrated only in some commodities and
pengembangan; (3) Keterpusatan ekspor pada
destination countries; and (4) discrepancy between
beberapa komoditas dan negara tujuan saja;
product standards and required qualifications. The
serta (4) Ketidaksesuaian standar produk dengan
national industries are also facing various external
ketentuan yang dipersyaratkan. Industri nasional
issues, including (1) unavailability of transport and
tengah menghadapi pula berbagai masalah
energy infrastructure; (2) unsupportive bureaucracy and
eksternal, meliputi (1) Ketidaktersediaan
unattractive incentives from the government; (3)
infrastruktur transportasi dan energi; (2) Birokrasi
absence of financial institutions which provide specific
yang
tidak
dan insentif
dari pemerintah
financing
forberpihak
each subsector
with a competitive
interest
yang
kurang
menarik;
(3)
Ketiadaan
lembaga
rate; and (4) ineffective communication between
keuangan
yang
menyediakan
pembiayaan
industries and
industrial
research-and-development
secara
centers.spesifik untuk masing - masing sub-sektor
dengan tingkat bunga bersaing; serta (4)
Based on the influence
of macroeconomic
conditions,
it
Inefektivitas
komunikasi
antara industri
dengan
is found
that production
value of industrial.
manufacturing
pusat
penelitian
dan pengembangan
industry
is more affectedpengaruh
by domestic kondisi
environment
than
Berdasarkan
makro
it
is
by
global
environment.
For
every
1%
growth
in
ekonomi, ditemukan bahwa nilai produksi industri
aggregate Growth
Domestic Product
(GDP), GDP
manufaktur
lebih dipengaruhi
oleh lingkungan
contributeddibanding
by manufacturing
industry global.
will growUntuk
more
domestik
lingkungan
rapidlypertumbuhan
by 1.3%. As for
when the
world GDP
grows
by
setiap
Produk
Domestik
Bruto
(PDB)
1%, manufacturing
industry’s
growth
is predicted
agregat
sebesar 1%,
PDB GDP
yang
disumbangkan
to increase
by only 0.11%.
Themeningkat
industrial subsectors
of
industri
manufaktur
akan
lebih pesat
TPT, footwear,
furnitureketika
have a more
sebesar
1,3%. and
Adapun
PDB inelastic
dunia
relationship
to
world
GDP
compared
to
meningkat sebesar 1%, pertumbuhan manufacturing
PDB industri
industry. 1% increase
in world GDP
is estimated
to only
manufaktur
diperkirakan
hanya
meningkat
increase0,11%.
the GDP
of TPT, industri
footwear,TPT,
and alas
furniture
sebesar
Sub-sektor
kaki,
subsectors
by
0.08%.
A
rise
in
real
per
capita
income
by
dan furnitur memiliki keterkaitan yang lebih
1% domestically
alsoPDB
associates
only 0.42%
GDP
inelastis
terhadap
dunia,with
dibanding
industri
growth in the respective subsector. The task to guard
manufaktur. Peningkatan 1% PDB dunia
the strengthening of the three subsectors will
diperkirakan hanya akan meningkatkan PDB subhypothetically be more challenging compared to that of
sektor TPT, alas kaki, dan furnitur sebesar 0.08%.
manufacturing industry in general.
Kenaikan pendapatan per kapita riil secara
domestik sebesar 1% juga hanya berasosiasi
dengan pertumbuhan PDB sub-sektor
bersangkutan sebesar 0,42%. Tugas mengawal
penguatan ketiga sub-sektor tersebut, secara
Textile and Textile Products, Footwear, and Furniture Industries: Could They Continue to Develop?
LPEM
LPEM FEUI
FEUI
LPEM POLICY BRIEF
Lembaga
Institute forPenyelidikan
Economic Ekonomi
dan
and Masyarakat
Social Research
FakultasofEkonomi
Universitas
Indonesia
Faculty
Economics
University
of Indonesia
lhipotetis
lebih menantang dibanding
Potentials ofakan
TPT Subsector
industri manufaktur secara umum.
The industrial subsector of TPT can be
distinguished
into
Potensi
Sub-Sektor
TPT upstream, midstream, and
downstream
industries.
Internally,
subsector
has
Sub-sektor
industri
TPT this
dapat
dibedakan
some
strengths
in
the
form
of
(1)
availability
of
labor
atas industri hulu, antara, dan hilir. Secara internal,
that grows byini
an average
of 1.6%
per year considering
sub-sektor
memiliki
kekuatan
berupa (1)
no
need
for
special
skills;
(2)
reliability
of
quality,
as Ketersediaan tenaga kerja yang tumbuh
rata
exemplified
by tahun
polyester
products;tidak
and diper(3)
rata
1,6% per
mengingat
implementation
of obligatorykhusus;
machinery
lukannya
keterampilan
(2)refurbishment
Keandalan
once everyseperti
20 years.
Weaknesses produk
of the subsector
kualitas,
dicontohkan
poliester;
include(3) (1)
underdevelopment
of research mesin
and
serta
Penerapa
kewajiban peremajaan
development
efforts
which
ideally
obtain
1.7%-3.6%
setiap 20 tahun sekali. Kelemahan sub-sektor ini
from GDP(1)
in funding;
(2) high selling
prices
because dan
of
meliputi
Kete-rtinggalan
upaya
penelitian
soaring production cost;
(3) high
cost of electricity
and
pengem-bangan
yang
idealnya
memperoleh
fuel; and (4) port
infrastructure
that does
notPDB,
support
pendanaan
antara
1,7% - 3,6%
dari
(2)
the
increasing
frequency
of
trade
and
seeks
its
own
Tingginya harga jual akibat melambungnya
profit instead.
biaya
produksi; (3) Mahalnya biaya energi listrik
dan bahan
serta (4)
Linked tobakar;
external situation,
TPT Infrastruktur
subsector has
pelabuhan
yang
tidak
mendukung
peningkatan
opportunities in the form of (1) growing
domestic
frekuensi
perdaga-ngan
dan
justru
mencari
middle-class consumer base; and (2) elimination laba
of
sendiri.
barriers to international trade in the form of tariff as
situasiby eksternal,
subwell asDikaitkan
non-tariff. dengan
Threats faced
TPT subsector
sektor
TPT
memiliki
oportunitas
(1)
include (1)
intense
competition
with otherberupa
exporting
Pertumbuhan
basis
konsumen
menengah
countries that have
lower
labor costkelas
such as
Vietnam
domestik;
serta
(2)
Peniadaan
hambatan
and Bangladesh; (2) advanced production technology
perdagangan
internasional
owned by competitor
countriesberupa
such astarif
Southmaupun
Korea
non-tarif.
Ancaman
yang
dihadapi
sub-sektor
which facilitates the continuous coordination TPT
of
meliputi
(1)
Ketatnya
persaingan
dengan
negara
production chain; (3) highlights on some companies’
pengekspor
lain yang
memilikiignore
upah buruh
lebih
practices which
irresponsibly
the waste
rendah
seperti
Vietnam
dan
(2)
management,
which
give rise
to Bangladesh;
apathetic public
Majunya
teknoogi
yang TPT
dimiliki
negara
attitudes; and
(4) an produksi
influx of illegal
commodities
pesaing
Korea
Selatan
sehingga
mudah
marketedseperti
at affordable
prices,
such as
those originated
mengkoordinasikan
rantai produksi secara
from China.
berkesinambungan; (3) Sorotan atas praktik
Considering
the conditions
described,
beberapa
perusahaan
yangalready
secara
tidak
based
on
pessimistic
scenario,
the
upstream
part
of
TPT
bertanggung jawab mengabaikan pengolahan
subsector is projected to be able to record 0.61%
limbah sehingga memunculkan sikap apati
growth in production and 17.96% in exports. Production
masyarakat; serta (4) Membanjirnya komoditas
of midstream TPT subsector is projected to grow more
TPT ilegal yang dipasarkan dengan harga
rapidly by 0.65%, but exports grow much more slowly
terjangkau, seperti yang berasal dari Tiongkok.
by only 2.25%.
Production of downstream TPT
Mempertimbangkan kondisi yang telah
subsector is projected to grow much more rapidly at
dideskripsikan, berdasar skenario pesimistis, sub11.43%, outperforming the previous two parts, and
sektor TPT bagian hulu diproyeksikan mampu
exports at 7.96%.
mencatatkan pertumbuhan produksi 0,61% dan
3
ekspor 17,96%.
Produksi
TPT bagian
Meanwhile,
based onsub-sektor
moderate scenario,
the
antara
tumbuh
lebih to
pesat
sebesar
highest diproyeksikan
production growth
is expected
be achieved
0,65%
namun ekspor
tumbuh
jauh lebih
lambat
by downstream
TPT subsector
at 12.61%,
followed
by
hanya
sebesar
2,25%.
Produksi
sub-sektor
TPT
midstream at 3.81% and upstream at 1.78%. The
bagian
diproyeksikan
tumbuh
sequence hilir
for optimistic
scenario is still
the same jauh
with
mengungguli
kedua
bagian
terdahulu
dengan
the value at 13.57%, 7.04%, and 2.56%. The exports
kisaran
eksporresults
7,96%.where, in moderate
indicator11,43%
showsdan
different
Sementara
itu, berdasarkan
scenario,
the fastest growth
is expected to be skenario
achieved
moderat,
tertinggi
by upstreampertumbuhan
TPT subsector atproduksi
22.44%, followed
by
diperkirakan
diraih
oleh sub-sektor
TPT
downstream at akan
9.79% and
midstream
by 6.65%. Similar
bagian
sebesar scenario
12,61%,is kemudian
sequencehilir
in optimistic
expected to antara
record
3,81%
dan
hulu 1,78%.
Urutan
untuk skenario
the value
at 27.26%,
11.55%, and
11.46%.
optimistis masih sama dengan nilai 13,57%, 7,04%,
An effective
industrial strengthening
is not unlikely
to
dan
2,56%. Indikator
ekspor menunjukkan
hasil
stimulate di
production
and exports
growthmoderat
in TPT
berbeda
mana untuk
skenario
subsector. This study recommends to go through some
pertumbuhan terpesat diperkirakan dicapai oleh
corrective measures which include (1) a focus on
sub-sektor TPT bagian hulu sebesar 22,44%, lalu hilir
empowering the upstream part, such as for producers
9,79% dan antara 6,65%. Urutan serupa dalam
of fiber, rayon, polyester, and non-cotton natural fiber;
skenario optimistis diperkirakan mencatatkan nilai
(2) stricter rules of machinery refurbishment, especially
27,26%, 11,55%, dan 11,46%.
for spinning machines, looms, knitters, and garment
Penguatan industrial yang efektif bukan
machines; (3) provision for the support of investment
tidak mungkin dapat memacu pertumbuhan
funds; and (4) assurance for uninterrupted supply of
produksi dan ekspor sub-sektor TPT. Studi ini
energy by utilizing alternative sources, such as coal, to
merekomendasikan ditempuhnya langkah
replace oil and gas.
perbaikan yang meliputi (1) Pemberdayaan
secara
fokus
bagi Subsector
bagian hulu, seperti bagi
Potentials
of Footwear
produsen fiber, rayon, poliester, dan serat alam
The industrial
subsector
footwear is classified
berbahan
non-kapas;
(2) of
Pengetatan
aturan
into
upstream
and
downstream.
Internally,
the
peremajaan mesin, khususnya bagi mesin
subsector has astenun,
its strengths
an abundant
amount and
pemintalan,
rajut,
dan garmen;
(3)
low turnover dukungan
of labors. Weaknesses
include (1)
limited
Penyediaan
dana investasi;
serta
(4)
supply
of
raw
materials,
especially
cowhide
which
75%
Penjaminan kesinambungan pasokan energi
of the needs are met through import; (2) increased
memanfaatkan sumber alternatif seperti batu
labor cost due to the adjustment in minimum wage; (3)
bara untuk menggantikan minyak dan gas.
high logistics cost; and (4) regional licensing and
taxationSub-Sektor
requirements
Potensi
Alasthat
Kakihave poor legal certainty.
Externally,
this subsector
actually
has extensive
market
Sub-sektor
industri
alas kaki
diklasifikasikan
potentials,bagian
but it ishulu
currently
menjadi
dan facing
hilir. serious
Secarachallenges
internal,
from
competitors,
such
as
China.
sub-sektor tersebut memiliki kekuatan berupa
berlimpahnya
dan the
rendahnya
turnover
Based onjumlah
the situation,
downstream
part of
tenaga
kerja.
Kelemahan
yang
dimiliki
antara
lain
footwear subsector is projected to grow by double digits
meliputi
Keterbatasan
pasokan
bahan
baku,
in 2014 in(1)
a variety
of scenarios.
Production
growth
is
khususnya
berupa
kulit
sapi
yang
hampir
75%
projected at 16.94%, 19.89%, and 21.08% for
kebutuhannya
dipenuhi
(2)
pessimistic, moderate,
and melalui
optimistic impor;
scenarios
Peningkatan
upah buruh
akibat
penyesuaian
respectively. Increases
in exports
are relatively
less
Textile and Textile Products, Footwear, and Furniture Industries: Could They Continue to Develop?
LPEM POLICY BRIEF
LPEM
LPEM FEUI
FEUI
Lembaga
Institute forPenyelidikan
Economic Ekonomi
dan
and Masyarakat
Social Research
FakultasofEkonomi
Universitas
Indonesia
Faculty
Economics
University
of Indonesia
upah
minimum;
Tingginya
biaya logistik;
serta
consistent
without(3)
fluctuated
by changes
in assumption,
(4)
dan
perpajakan
i.e. Ketentuan
at 18.03%, perizinan
18.78%, and
19.51%
for the daerah
same
yang
memiliki
kepastian
hukum
buruk.
Secara
sequence of scenarios. It indicates that footwear
eskternal,
sub-sektor
sebenarnya
memiliki
subsector could
act asinione
of the consistent
potensi
pasar
yanggrowth,
luasregardless
namunof external
tengah
contributors
to industrial
dihadapkan
dari on
pesaing
circumstances.pada
The tantangan
projection serius
is based
the
seperti
Tiongkok.
assumption of domestic GDP growth at 5.3%, 5.6%, and
Berdasar
keadaan
tersebut,
sub-sektor
6.3%; world
GDP increase
by 3.6%,
3.8%, and
4%; and
alas
kaki
bagian
hilir
diproyeksikan
mampu
increases in exports prices by (5%), 0%, and 5%
for
tumbuh
hingga
dua digit
tahun 2014
dalam
pessimistic,
moderate,
and di optimistic
scenarios
beragam
produksi
respectively.skenario.
The urgent Pertumbuhan
corrective measures
to be
diproyeksikan
19,89%,include
dan 21,08%
implemented bernilai
by the 16,94%,
government
(1)
terurut
untuk
dan
reevaluation
of skenario
import banpesimistis,
on Chinesemoderat,
leather and
optimistis.
Peningkatan
eksporexports
relatifoflebih
tidak
assessment of
the plan to restrict
leather
in
konsisten
tanpa continuity
terfluktuasi
order to ensure
of oleh
supply;perubahan
and (2)
consolidation
tripartite
coordination,
that
the
asumsi,
yaitu of
sebesar
18,03%,
18,78%, so
dan
19,51%
decisions
in
industrial
relations,
such
as
remuneration,
untuk urutan skenario yang sama. Hal tersebut
could pay attention
every stakeholder,
including
menandakan
bahwatosub-sektor
alas kaki
dapat
business owners.
berperan
sebagai salah satu kontributor pertumbuhan industrial yang konsisten, terlepas dari
Potentials of Furniture Subsector
situasi eksternal. Proyeksi tersebut didasarkan atas
asumsi Furniture
pertumbuhan
PDB domestik
sebesar
5,3%,
subsector
has several
strengths
5,6%,
danwhich
6,3%,include
peningkatan
PDB dunia
sebesar
internally
(1) an abundance
of wood
and
3,6%,
3,8%,
dan
4%,
serta
kenaikan
harga
ekspor
rattan for raw materials, as well as skilled labors; and (2)
sebesar
(5%), 0%,and
danconsistency
5% seluruhnya
terurut
untuk
the uniqueness
of product
quality.
skenario
optimistis.
Weaknessespesimistis,
encounteredmoderat,
include (1) dan
inefficiency
and
Langkah
korektif inyang
mendesak
ditelow productivity
production;
(2) untuk
inadequate
rapkan
pemerintah
(1) Peninjauan
competence
of craftsmen adalah
in value-added
creation in
kembali
larangan
impor kulit
dari(3)
Tiongkok
design and
product-finishing
phases;
absence dan
of
pengkajian
wacana pembatasan
kulit
product standardization;
and (4) lack ekspor
of potential
market targets.
Externally,kesinambungan
furniture subsectorpasokan;
obtains
guna
memastikan
its opportunities
from (1) demand
from traditional
serta
(2) Pemantapan
koordinasi
tripartit
markets,
such
as
Europe
and
America,
which
continues
sehingga keputusan dalam hubungan industrial
to flow; and
(2) appreciationdapat
for products,
especially in
seperti
pengupahan
memperhatikan
medium pemangku
and high-endkepentingan,
categories. The
biggest
setiap
termasuk
challenges that furniture subsector faces are related to
pengusaha.
raw materials, especially regarding the existing boycotts
of tropical
timber,
widespread practices of illegal
Potensi
Sub-Sektor
Furnitur
secara internal
logging,Sub-sektor
charge infurnitur,
implementing
Timber memiliki
Legality
Assurance antara
Systemlain(Sistem
Legalitas
kekuatan
berupa Verifikasi
(1) Keberlimpahan
Kayu/SVLK)
which
is not
small;
as well
as reports
the
bahan
baku
kayu
dan
rotan,
serta
tenagaonkerja
legalization serta
of the exports
of timber indan
the form
of logs
terampil;
(2) Keunikan
konsistensi
which would
run the risk
of diminishing
the supply
or
kualitas
produk.
Kelemahan
yang
dihadapi
increasing (1)
theInefisiensi
price of raw
for furniture
termasuk
danmaterials
produktivitas
yang
subsector.
4
rendah Furniture
dalam produksi;
Kekurangmampuan
subsector (2)
is predicted
to perform a
perajin
menciptakan
nilai
tambah
di tahap
growth in production by 9.2%, 13%, and
17.7%
desain
dan
penyelesaian
produk;
(3)
Ketiadaan
respectively for pessimistic, moderate, and optimistic
standardisasi
produk; increases
serta (4)
Keterbatasan
scenarios, with expected
in exports
by 3.2%,
target
pasar
yang
potensial.
Secara
eksternal,
10.5%, and 18.7%. The respective scenarios are based
sub-sektor
furnitur
memilikiGDPpeluang
dari
(1)
on the assumption
of national
growth at
5.3%,
Permintaan
dari
pasar
seperti
Eropa
5.6%, and 6.3%;
world
GDPtradisional
increase by 3.6%,
3.8%,
and
dan
Amerika
yang
masih
terus
mengalir;
serta
(2)
4%; as well as increases in exports prices by (5%), 0%,
Apresiasi
bagi produk yang khususnya
and 5%.
berkategori medium dan high end. Tantangan
The study proposes
several recommendations
terbesar
yang dihadapi
sub-sektor regarding
furnitur
furniture
subsector
in
the
form
of
(1)
minimization
of
berkaitan dengan bahan baku, khususnya
institutional
barriers to attract
investment;
(2) securing
tentang
keberadaan
boikot
terhadap
kayu
the
availability
of
raw
materials
through
monitoring
of
tropis, praktik pembalakan liar yang merajalela,
illegal
loggings,
exemption
of
excessive
charges,
and
by
pungutan pengurusan Sistem Verifikasi Legalitas
restricting
exports
of timber;
effortsserta
to expand
the
Kayu
(SVLK)
yang
tidak (3)
murah;
wacana
overseas market, for example by the support of Exports
legalisasi ekspor kayu dalam bentuk log yang
Buffer Agency (Badan Penyangga Ekspor); and (4)
berisiko mengurangi pasokan atau meningkatprovision for labor regulations that enable productivity
kan harga bahan baku bagi sub-sektor furnitur.
improvement.
Sub-sektor furnitur diprediksikan memiliki
pertumbuhan
produksi sebesar 9,2%, 13%, dan
Conclusion
17,7% masing - masing untuk skenario pesimistis,
Manufacturing
which
consists
of diverse
moderat,
dan industry,
pesimistis,
dengan
peningkatan
subsectors,
is heterogeneous;
thus, changes
in external
ekspor
diekspektasikan
sebesar
3,2%, 10,5%,
dan
factors
can
produce
different
effects
for
each
subsector.
18,7%. Skenario tersebut secara terurut
Potentials of each
subsector
also diverse, where
berlandaskan
pada
asumsiarepertumbuhan
PDB
some
are
promising
enough
to
be
directed
as
exports
nasional sebesar 5,3%, 5,6%, dan 6,3%,
booster while PDB
othersdunia
lack similar
potentials.
Therefore,
peningkatan
sebesar
3,6%, 3,8%,
dan
all
forms
of
treatment
need
to
be
mapped
out
so
that
4%, serta kenaikan harga ekspor sebesar (5%), 0%,
the 5%.
combined results of any intervention in
dan
manufacturing
could proportionately
reach
Studi iniindustry
mengajukan
rekomendasi terkait
every targeted
indicator.
As long
the preconditions
sub-sektor
furnitur
berupa
(1) as
Minimalisasi
hamare
met,
there
is
no
reason
for
the
TPT,
footwear,
and
batan institusional guna mengundang investasi;
furniture
subsectors to
not develop as
the leading
(2)
Pengamanan
ketersediaan
bahan
baku
sectors
in
Indonesian
economy.
melalui pengawasan pembalakan liar, dispensasi
pungutan
Bibliographyyang berlebihan, dan pembatasan
eskpor kayu; (3) Pengupayaan perluasan pasar
Outlook
Industri
Tekstil dan
Produkdukungan
Tekstil, AlasBadan
Kaki,
luar
negeri
misalnya
dengan
dan Furnitur Ekspor; serta (4) Penetapan regulasi
Penyangga
ketenagakerjaan yang memungkinkan peningkatan produktivitas.
Kesimpulan
Industri manufaktur yang terdiri dari
beragam sub-sektor merupakan industri yang
Furniture subsector is predicted to perform a
Textile and Textile Products, Footwear, and Furniture Industries: Could They Continue to Develop?
growth in production by 9.2%, 13%,
and 17.7%