Taking the “Mist
-ery”
“Mist-ery”
out of Vapor Recovery
2
M
M
-Squared
M-Squared
Products
Products &
& Services,
Services, Inc
Inc.
Lafayette, LA 70596
A copy of
Taking the “Mist
-ery”
“Mist-ery”
out of Vapor Recovery
Will be Available in PDF format
On The M
-Squared Website
M-Squared
“WWW.M
-SquaredInc.com”
“WWW.M-SquaredInc.com”
2
M
M
-Squared
M-Squared
Products
Products &
& Services,
Services, Inc
Inc.
Lafayette, LA 70596
What is Your Threshold for
Acceptable Vent/Flare
Losses on a
Yearly Basis?
$25,000.00 / Year
$100,000.00 / Year
$300,000.00 / Year
EXAMPLE:
100 Mcf of 1000 BTU gas
at $5.00 per Mcf vented daily
-Equals$500.00 / Day
$15,000.00/ Month on Avg.
$180,000.00 / Year
At how many locations
has the vent/flare gas
volumes and chemical
make-up been measured
accurately to determine
the profits lost?
SCOPE
IEQR
Identify & Evaluate
Quantify (Measure)
• Types of measuring Equipment
• What to look for!
Vapor Recovery Units (VRU)
VRU Example
Identify
&
Evaluate
Sources
Identify Sources – Venting
Sources that Vent Natural Gas or Other
Hydrocarbon Vapors:
– Storage Tanks - Oil and Produced Water
– Pressure/Level Controllers
– Compressor Seals
– Emergency and Process Vents
– Natural Gas Actuated Pumps
– Glycol Dehydrators Still Columns and Flash
Tanks
– Amine Gas Sweetening Units
– Loading and Unloading Facilities
– Fugitive Emissions
Emission Sources
Evaluate Process Equipment
Evaluate Process Equipment
Perform Location evaluation walk down
– Document operating pressures of process
equipment
– Note: best locations for taking measurements
to capture production stream flow of vapors
for all process equipment
– Document flange connections
– Determine competency of pressure vessels
– Examine process valves for evidence of leaking
– Trace process flow of current captured vapors
– Determine production intervals
QUANTIFY
FLOW Measurement
Meters:
Flow Sensor Selection:
•Orifice Meters
•Ultrasonic Meters
•Turbine Meters
•Positive Displacement Meters
•Others
Accuracy VS Repeatability
FLOW Measurement
Identify a “Qualified” flow Analysis
Company to take measurements and
Samples: “Note”
•Make sure the flow measurement
company is not affiliated with a VRU
fabrication company
•Confirm whether they can provide C7+
and or C11+ Chromatograph Analysis
•Determine what types of measuring
equipment they provide for testing
FLOW Measurement
FLOW Measurement Report format
FLOW Measurement Report format
Gas Dew Point
Dew Point Derived From Gas Analysis:
Gas Dew Point
Dew Point Derived From Gas Analysis:
Measurement Information
Output parameters should include the
following:
- Flow rate (actual & standard) in real time
- Total flow (forward/reverse)
- Gas velocity (Optional)
- Pressure (positive & vacuum)
- Temperature
- Sound speed (Optional)
- Log data in time intervals, seconds, minutes, hours,
or days
- Data graphed pressure versus time collected
- Data can be directly sent to SCADA system (Optional)
- Trend data aids in trouble shooting system
IEQR EXAMPLES
Emission Estimation Methods
Emission Factors - factors developed
though testing - generic and specific
factors for engines, heaters, gas
pressure/level controllers, compressor seals
Simulation Software - flash gas, storage tanks,
glycol dehydration units, amine units
Engineering Calculations - gas releases
Direct Measurement - engine exhaust, vents
and compressor seals (Most Accurate – 99%)
Example for Glycol Dehydrator
“GLY–Calc” versus “Direct Measurement”
Glycol flash Gas Separator with pressure drop
of 800 psig
yields on flow of 45 MMscfd (by GRI GLY -Calc)
2.1MSCFD @ $5.00/MSCF = $3,780.00/ Year
Glycol flash Gas Separator with pressure drop
of 800 psig
yields on flow of 45 MMscfd (Direct Measurement)
25 MSCFD @ $5.00/MSCF = $ 45,000.00/Year
Example for Tank Vent Emissions
“EP Tank Simulation” vs “Actual Measurement”
700 bbls condensate/day
Pressure drop 80 psig to 0 psig
API Gravity = 62
Day of Annual operation = 365 days /year
Reid Vapor Pressure = 10.40 Psia
Ambient Temperature = 82°F
Ambient Pressure = 14.70 Psia
Example for Tank Vent Emissions
“EP Tank Simulation” vs “Actual Measurement”
EP Tank SIMULATION:
Calculated Vapor Volume = 50.65 Mscfd
API Gravity = 62.00
35.17 SCFM calculated
50.65 MSCFD calculated vented gas
Gas-to-Oil Ratio (GOR) = 72.36 scf/bbl
@ $5.00/MSCF = $253/day or $92,345.00/yr
Example for Tank Vent Emissions
“EP Tank Simulation” vs “Actual Measurement”
Ultrasonic Measurement:
Measured Vapor Volume = 227.16 Mscfd
API Gravity = 62.00
157.75 SCFM measured
227.16 MSCFD measured vented gas
Gas-to-Oil Ratio (GOR) = 289 scf/bbl
@ $5.00/MSCF = $1,136/day or $414,567./yr
VAPOR
“RECOVERY”
UNITS
Recovery - Considerations
Pressure Ratings of Production Equipment
Blanket Gas System for Tanks
Logistics of VRU Equipment to Production
Equipment
Gas Volume and Constituent Measurements
Dew Point of Gas
Control System Sensitive Enough to Handle
Production Cycles on Finite Pressure Ranges
Oxygen Sensor/Shutdowns to Minimize
Exposure of Corrosives and Combustion
Types of oil for flooded screw applications
Recovery - VRU
Rotary Screw, Vane, or Reciprocating
Compressor
Use Natural Gas or Electric power
Open loop system
Minimal spatial requirements
Meets all regulatory requirements
Recovery – Screw VRU
Recovery - EVRU
Recovery - VRU
Recovery - VRU
Recovery - VRU
Recovery - VRU
Recovery – Screw VRU
Recovery – Screw VRU
Recovery - VRU
Recovery – Screw VRU
Recovery – Reciprocating VRU
Recovery – Reciprocating VRU
Recovery – Reciprocating VRU
Recovery – Rotary Vane VRU
Recovery – Rotary Vane VRU
Recovery - EVRU
No moving parts
Requires Motive Gas System for Power
100% closed loop system
Minimal spatial requirements
Meets all regulatory requirements
Specialized Applications
Recovery - EVRU
Motive
$ $ $ $$
$$$$$$
Discharge
Suction
Recovery - EVRU
LAGNIAPPE
Lagniappe:
u Automatic Recognition by the DOE,
DEQ, TNRCC and EPA for involvement
in STAR Program
u Pro-active response to the DOE, EPA,
and MMS ever tightening restrictions,
and effort to eliminate green house
gases and VOC emissions.
u Increased Profits $$$
u Safer working environment
u Equipment that works!
So, What is Your
Threshold for
Acceptable Production
Loss on a Yearly Basis
“?”
Again, a copy of
Taking the “Mist
-ery”
“Mist-ery”
out of Vapor Recovery
Will be Available in PDF format
On The M
-Squared Website
M-Squared
“WWW.M
-SquaredInc.com”
“WWW.M-SquaredInc.com”
2
M
M
-Squared
M-Squared
Products
Products &
& Services,
Services, Inc
Inc.
Lafayette, LA 70596
M2 M-Squared Products & Services, Inc.
Thank You for Your Time!