MODULE 1
Biology:
The Study
of Life
ON YOUR OWN QUESTIONS
1.1
1.2
1.3
Classify the following organisms as herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores:
a. tigers
b. cows
c. humans
d. sheep
Classify the following organisms as producers, consumers, or decomposers:
a. rose bushes
b. yeast (a fungus)
c. lions
d. humans
A biologist studies an organism and then two of its offspring. They are all identical in
every possible way. Do these organisms reproduce sexually or asexually?
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1.4
When trying to convince you of something, people will often insert “Science has
proven...” at the beginning of a statement. Can science actually prove something? Why
or why not?
1.5
A scientist makes a few observations and develops an explanation for the observations
that she has made. At this point, is the explanation a hypothesis, theory, or scientific
fact?
1.6
Suppose you chose two organisms at random out of a list of the members of kingdom
Plantae, then you chose two organisms at random out of a list of the members of family
Pinaceae. In which case would you expect the two organisms to be the most similar?
1.7
You compare several organisms from different orders within a given class. You then
compare organisms from different classes. In which case would you expect the
differences to be greatest?
1.8
An organism is made up of one eukaryotic cell. To what kingdom does it belong?
1.9
An organism is multicellular and an autotroph. To what kingdom does it belong?”
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1.10 An organism is multicellular with eukaryotic cells. It is also a decomposer. To what
kingdom does it belong?
STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
1
Write the definitions for the following terms. You will be expected to have them
memorized for the test!
TERM
DEFINITION
Metabolism
Anabolism
Catabolism
Photosynthesis
Herbivores
Carnivores
Producers
Consumers
Decomposers
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TERM
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
Receptors
Asexual
reproduction
Sexual
reproduction
Inheritance
Mutation
Hypothesis
Theory
Scientific law
Microorganisms
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DEFINITION
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TERM
DEFINITION
Abiogenesis
Prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell
Species
Taxonomy
Binomial
nomenclature
2
What are the four criteria for life?
3
An organism is classified as a carnivore. Is it a heterotroph or an autotroph? Is it a
producer, consumer, or decomposer?
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4
An organism has receptors on tentacles that come out of its head. If those tentacles were
cut off in an accident, what life function would be most hampered?
5
A parent and two offspring are studied. Although there are many similarities between the
parent and the offspring, there are also some differences. Do these organisms reproduce
sexually or asexually?
6
What is wrong with the following statement?
“Science has proven that energy must always be conserved.”
7
Briefly explain the scientific method.
8
Why does the story of spontaneous generation illustrate the limitation of science?
9
Where does the wise person place his or her faith: science or the Bible?
Why is the theory of abiogenesis just another example of the idea of spontaneous
generation?
11
Name the classification groups in our hierarchical classification scheme in order.
12
An organism is a multicellular consumer made of eukaryotic cells. To what kingdom
does it belong?
13
If we were using the three-domain system of classification, in which domain would the
organism in question 12 belong?
14
An organism is a single-celled consumer made of prokaryotic cells. To what kingdom
does it belong?
15
If we were using the three-domain system of classification, could you determine the
domain of the organism in question 14? If so, give the domain. If not, give the possible
domains in which it could be placed.
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16
Use the biological key in the appendix or in the lab section of this notebook to classify
the organisms pictured below:
Owl
Fly
Images: © iStockphoto
Note: Since the study guide specifically tells you that you can use the biological key to
classify the creatures shown above, you know that if such a question is asked on the
test, you will be able to use the biological key on the test as well. This is how you can
use the study guide to determine what you must memorize and what you will be able
to reference during the test. Had we asked you to classify these creatures without telling
you to use the biological key, you would have known that you would be required to
memorize the biological key for the test.
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OPTIONAL SUMMARY OF MODULE 1
Review the vocabulary words listed in question 1 of the study guide.
Fill in the blanks. Many blanks contain more than one word.
1
Four characteristics of life:
a. All life forms contain ______________________________, which is called
__________________.
b. All life forms have a method by which they ________________________________
from the surroundings and convert it into _________________________________.
c. All life forms can ________________________________ in their surroundings and
_______________________________________________.
d. All life forms ____________________________________.
2
DNA provides the ___________________ necessary to take a bunch of lifeless chemicals
and turn them into _________________________________________________________.
3
________________________ can be split into two categories: (1) ___________________,
which involves using energy and simple chemical building blocks to produce large
chemicals and structures and (2) catabolism, which involves ________________________
____________________________________.
4
The vast majority of energy that sustains life comes from __________________________.
_______________________________ use that energy to make food for themselves
via a process called ______________________________. Consumers get energy from
the producers by _________________. Consumers can be split into three categories:
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___________________________ (which eat only plants), ___________________________
(which eat only nonplants), and ________________________________ (which eat plants
and nonplants). The energy of dead producers and consumers is recycled back into
creation by the ________________________________.
5
Producers are often called ___________________________________, the Greek roots
of which literally mean “self-feeder.” Consumers and decomposers are often called
_______________________, which literally means “______________________________.”
6
Living organisms are equipped with structures called ______________________________,
which receive information about their surroundings. God’s creation is always
___________________________, which is why these structures are necessary for survival.
7
In asexual reproduction, the characteristics and traits inherited by the offspring are, under
normal circumstances, ________________________ to the parent. In sexual reproduction,
under normal circumstances, the offspring’s traits and characteristics are ____________
______________________________________. When _____________________________
occur, the offspring can possess traits that are incredibly different from those of the
parent or parents.
8
In the scientific method, the scientist starts by __________________ the world around
him. He then forms a _______________________ to explain some aspect of how the
world functions. He then _____________________________ in an attempt to test
his ____________________________. If a large amount of ______________________
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confirms the __________________________, it becomes a ________________________,
which is tested with even more ____________________. If it continues to be confirmed
over several generations, it might become a _____________________________.
9
Scientists once believed that life could spring from non-living things. This was called
_________________________________________, and it was refuted in the mid 1800s
by a scientist named _____________________________________________________.
The story of how the scientific community believed in it for so long demonstrates that
science has _________________________________________.
10
The newest version of spontaneous generation is called __________________________,
and it claims that long ago, ___________________________________________________
________________________________.
11
The groups used in our classification scheme, from largest to smallest, are:
______________________, ______________________, _______________________,
______________________, ______________________, ______________________,
_______________________.
12
The five kingdoms we use in this course are: _______________________,
_______________________, _______________________, ______________________, and
______________________.
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13
A cell with no membrane-bounded organelles is _____________________, while one with
membrane-bounded organelles is a ________________________. Members of kingdom
Monera are composed of _________________________.
14
A unit of one or more populations of individuals that can reproduce under normal
conditions, produce fertile offspring, and are reproductively isolated from other such
units is called a _____________________________________________________.
15
A series of questions that is designed to classify organisms is called a biological ________
_________________________________________.
16
When we call wolves “Canis lupus,” we are using ______________________________.
17
In the __________________-______________________, system of classification, the
three basic groups are _______________________, _______________________,
and _______________________. Members of kingdom Monera are placed in either
_______________________ or _______________________ and all other kingdoms are
placed in _______________________.
18
A creationist taxonomy scheme that attempts to classify organisms based on the kind of
organism God made during creation is called _____________________________________.
19
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Multicellular autotrophs are typically placed in kingdom ____________________________.
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20
Single-celled creatures made of eukaryotic cells are placed in kingdom _______________
_________________.
21
Multicellular consumers are typically placed in kingdom ___________________________.
22
Decomposers made of eukaryotic cells are mostly found in kingdom ________________.
23
Organisms made of prokaryotic cells are found in kingdom ________________________.
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