Reference
Page # 1.
Date ____
Ions to Know: Memorize these!!
1. Ions on the Periodic Table
Group 1: Li1+, Na1+, K 1+, Fr 1+
all have 1+ charge
Group 2: Be 2+, Mg2+, Ca 2+, Sr 2+, Ba2+ all have 2+ charge
Group 3: B 3+, Al 3+
Group 4: C4+, C 4 Group 5: N3 - , P 3 Group 6: O2 - , S 2 Group 7: F 1 - , Cl 1 - , Br 1 - , I 1 + ions are named using the element name and the word ion.
example: lithium ion, sodium ion
—ions are named by replacing —ine with —ide
example: chloride, fluoride
A. Rules:
1. Remember, metals are on the left. All metal ions have a positive
charge. ex. Me+
2. Nonmetals are on the upper right and nearly always have a negative
charge.
2. Transition Metals - use Roman numerals
The Roman numeral given with the element is equal to the charge.
2+
ex. Chromium (II ) is Cr
Cr 2+
Cr 3+
Cu1+
Cu2+
Fe 2+
Fe 3+
Pb 2+
Pb 3+
Ni 2+
Ni 3+
Sn 2+
Sn 4+
Co2+
Co3+
Mn2+
Mn3+
3.
Other ransition metals without Roman numerals: there are only TWO.
Just memorize them:
Silver
Ag1+
Zinc
Mercury (I)
Mercury (II)
Zn2+
Hg2 +2
Hg +2
©1990 L.C.Lee; www.chemistar.com
Reference
Page # 2.
Date ____
Polyatomic Ions (poly - many) so these are ions with more than one atom
4. Ions related to Water
H2O(l) + H2O(l)
—> OH+
H3O+
hydroxide
hydronium
O2 - oxide
H+
hydrogen ion
O22 - peroxide
Hhydride
5. Ions containing C, H, O
acetate C2H3O21 carbonate
CO32 -
bicarbonate
HCO31 -
6. Ions containing chlorine:
hypochlorite
Cl 1 ClO 1 -
chlorite
ClO 21 -
chlorate
ClO 31 -
perchlorate
ClO 41 -
chloride
7. Chromium ions: (note: chromium is very toxic)
chromate
CrO 42 Both have charge of 2dichromate
Cr 2O72 d i - means 2. Double Cr; O is almost double.
8. Sulfur and nitrogen ions:
Already know sulfide S 2 sulfide
S2 -
sulfite
SO32 SO42 -
sulfate
used as food preservatives; some are carcinogens.
Apply same process as Cl:
nitrite
nitrate
HSO31HSO41 -
hydrogen sulfite
hydrogen sulfate
NO21 NO31 -
also called bisulfite
9. Miscellaneous ions
ammonium
cyanide
NH41+
CN1 -
phosphate PO43 permanganate
MnO41 -
©1990 L.C.Lee; www.chemistar.com