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The International Quarterly journal
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Synthesis of silver nanoparticle using fresh banana peel
(Poovan) extract
Publication History
Received: 11 November 2015
Accepted: 14 December 2015
Published: 1 January 2016
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65
Citation
Josephine Nirmala Many, Keerubavathi M. Synthesis of silver nanoparticle using fresh banana peel (Poovan) extract. Science &
Technology, 2016, 2(5), 65-72
SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLE USING FRESH BANANA
PEEL (POOVAN) EXTRACT
Dr Josephine Nirmala Many, Associate professor, Keerubavathi M, M.Phil scholar,PG&
Research Department of Home Science, Bharathidasan. Govt. College for Women
(Autonomous), Puducherry-605003, nirmalamany@gmail.com
Abstract: Fruit wastes are highly perishable and seasonal and are a problem to the processing
industries and pollution monitoring agencies. This problem can be recovered by utilizing its
high value compounds, including the dietary fibre fraction that has a great potential in the
preparation of functional foods whereas Bananas are consumed all over the world, after
consumption of the pulp, the peels are generally discarded. The peel of banana represents
40% of the total weight of the fruit. Peel contains potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na),
iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), bromine, rubidium, strontium, zirconium and
niobium. Banana peels have been reported to be a good source of carotenoids. It is an
underutilized source of phenolic compounds and considered as a good source of antioxidants
for foods and functional foods against cancer and heart disease. Methodology:The present
study was carried out tosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from banana peel.
Silver
nanoparticles have unique properties which help in molecular diagnostics, in therapies, as
well as in devices that are used in several medical procedures, The synthesized silver
nanoparticles from banana peel was characterized by UV-VIS spectroscopy, Scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), Particle size analyzer and Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (FTIR). Results: The results show that silver nanoparticles which were
synthesized from banana peel had a size ranged from 1 and 100 nm. Silver nanoparticles
have unique properties which help in molecular diagnostics, in therapies, as well as in devices
that are used in several medical procedures, anti-bacterial agents in the health industry, food
storage, textile coatings and a number of environmental application.
Key words: Banana peels, silver nanoparticles, Particle size.
1. INTRODUCTION
Bananas are used fresh or processed into many products such as chips, puree/pulp, powder,
jams, juice, bar, biscuits, wine etc. Significant quantities of banana or plantain peels,
equivalent to 40% of the total weight of fresh banana, are generated as a waste product in
industries producing banana based products [1]. At present, these peels are not being used for
any other purposes and are mostly dumped as solid waste at largeexpense. It is thus
significant and even essential to find applications for these peels as they can contribute to real
environmental problems. The present study focused on reliable method of utilizing the fresh
banana peel
by synthesizing Silver Nanoparticles. Nanoparticle
has several important
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applications in the field of biolabelling, sensors, drug delivery system (Mann and Ozin,
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Preparation of Fresh Banana Peel Extract
Preparation of fresh banana peel extract was done by the procedure explained by Many et al.,
[3]. Fresh banana peel that remains after the fruit is been used is taken for the preparation of
extract. 20g of fresh banana peels was added into 100ml of deionised water and boiled for 10
minutes. It was then filtered using Whatman filter paper no.1 and filtrate was used for the
synthesis of nanoparticles [4].
2.2. Synthesis of Silver nanoparticle from Banana Peel
Synthesis of AgNPs was carried out by using the method explained by Many et al., [3]. 10 ml
of freshly prepared filtrate was added with 90 ml of aqueous solution of 1Mm silver nitrate
for reduction of Ag˖ ions and incubated at room temperature and the colour change was
confirmed from colorless to brown. The formation of silver nanoparticles was also confirmed
by spectrophotometric determination. The fully reduced solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm
for 30 min. The supernatant liquid was discarded and the pellet obtained was redispersed in
deionized water. The centrifugation process was repeated two to three times to wash off any
absorbed substances on the surface of the silver nanoparticles.
2.3. Characterization of Silver nanoparticle
The characterization of silver nanoparticles was carried out by different techniques such as
SEM, Particle size analyzer, UV-Vis and FTIR analysis.
2.3.1. SEM Analysis: Scanning Electron microscopy is commonly used method of
characterization[5] . It is used for morphological characterization at the nanometer to
micrometerscale [6]. Sample of SEM was prepared by placing the drop of silver nanoparticle
suspension over carbon coated grid then it was dried, examined and photographed in SEM
(FEI*L – 30)
2.3.2. Particle size analyzer: The particle size analysis was done by the method explained by
Jiang [7]the silver nano sample was performed in a LS230 particle size analyzer (Beckman
coulter). A free-flowing method was used with the following conditions for particle size
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speed between 35-50 units of the equipment scale, and running time of 30 s. Data on granule
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analysis the conditions were 100-mesh sieve,obscuration percentage between 3-9%, vibration
distribution were computed (mean,median and perpendicular bisector in percentage of
volume).
2.3.3. UV-Vis Spectrophotometer: The UV-Vis spectroscopy is another commonly used
technique explained byWileyet al., [8]. It is used for characterizing the various metal
nanoparticles in the size range of 2 to 100 nm. Spectrophotometric absorption measurements
in the wavelength ranges of 400-450 nm [9] and 500-550 nm [10] are used in characterizing
the silver and gold nanoparticles, respectively. The silver nanoparticle sample were subjected
to optical measurements, which were carried out by using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (U2010 Spectrophotometer) and scanning the spectra between 300 and 700 nm at the resolution
of 1 nm.
2.3.4. Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectra: FTIR spectroscopy is useful for
characterizing the surface chemistry was carried out as in the study [11]. Organic functional
groups (eg. carbonyls, hydroxyls) attached to the surface of nanoparticles and the other
surface chemical residues are detected using FTIR. In FTIR analysis the samples were
recorded in the range of 1000-4000cm-1 at a resolution of 4 cm-1
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION.
3. 1. Synthesis of Silver nanoparticle
Thecolour change was noted by virtual observation in fresh banana peel extract incubated
with aqueous solution of silver nitrate. It started to change colour from colourless light brown
and then brownish red colour due to the reduction of Ag+ ions, this exhibits the formation of
silver nanoparticals. In the fig A represents the initialsolution, B & C indicates that the
reaction mixture after 2 minutes and 5 minutes incubation respectively. The intensity of
colour increases with increase in time and after 30 minutes there is no significant change in
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colour was observed due to the completion of reaction.
A
B
C
Fig 1: Synthesis of Silver nanoparticle
A-Initial (extract + silver nitrate solution)
C- After 5 minutes of incubation
B- After 2 minutes of incubation
(B &C- Extract + silver nitrate solution)
3.2. Characterization of Silver nanoparticles
Nanoparticles are generally characterized by their size, shape, surface area and dispersity [7].
The common techniques of characterizing nanoparticles are as follows:
3.2.1. SEM: SEM was used to view the morphology and size of silver nanoparticles. SEM
images shown the high density nanoparticles synthesized by fresh banana peel extract were
relatively spherical in shape. This confirmed the development of silver nanostructures. The
SEM image shown the nanoparticles in the range of 70 -80 nm.
Fig 2: SEM
3.2.2. Particle size analyzer: The particle size analyzer determines the size, range or the
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average or mean size of the particles in a powder or a liquid sample.
Fig 3: Particle size analyzer
3.2.3. UV-Vis Spectroscopy: UV-Vis Spectroscopy could be used to examine the size and
shape of controlled nanoparticles in aqueous suspension. The confirmation of formation and
stability of silver nanoparticle was monitored by using UV-Vis Spectral analysis for which
after completion of reaction the sample were removed and subjected to UV-Vis Spectra
measurement. The extract with silver nitrate showed the sharp peak around 450 nm (fig 4)
with high absorbance which is very specific of silver nanoparticles.
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Fig 4: UV-Vis Spectroscopy
3.2.4. Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectra: FTIR spectrum used to analyse the
functional group present in fresh banana peel extract. The silver nanoparticles was confirmed
by changes occurred in FTIR spectrum after synthesis.
Fig 5: Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectra
4. CONCLUSIONS:
Banana peel is a waste product in the banana processing industry is capable of synthesizing
Silver Nanoparticle. Moreover, the process for the production of Silver Nanoparticle is
environmental friendly and free from organic solvents and toxic chemicals. So, it is one of
the effective recycling process to utilize the banana waste.
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