Types of Muscle Contractions
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Types of Muscle Contraction
Forms and types of muscle contraction
Static
Dynamic
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Types of Muscle Contraction
Forms and types of muscle contraction
Static
Isometric
Concentric
Eccentric
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Types of Muscle Contraction
Forms and types of muscle contraction
Dynamic
Isotonic
Auxotonic
Isokinetic
Plyocentric
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Static Contraction
Muscle tension or internal force
exerted against an external load
Internal force is equal to, or
weaker than, the external load
No visible movement of the
external load occurs
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Static Contraction
In most sports, the need for
maximal static contraction is
rare
Maximal static contraction is
most often seen in gymnastics,
wrestling, and judo
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Activities Requiring Maximal
Static Muscle Tension
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Static Contraction
Most sports require low to submaximal static contraction
Examples of sports that require
this type of contraction include
sail-boarding, alpine skiing, and
shooting events
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Activities Requiring
Sub-Maximal Static Muscle Tension
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Isometric Contraction
A static contraction
Muscle contraction against an external
force
No visible change in muscle length
External load is greater than the force
generated by the internal force
No external movement occurs
No work is performed because no
movement occurs
A high amount of tension is developed,
energy is used
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Pushing against a stable wall is an
example of an isometric
contraction
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An isometric contraction occurs
during an arm wrestling match
when opponents generate equal
forces
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Auxotonic Contraction
A dynamic contraction
During dynamic work, continual
changes in joint angle and speed result
in changes in strength needs
That is, the tension required to move
an external load varies
The involvement of more or less motor
units allows the muscle to adapt to
changing tension requirements
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Auxotonic Contraction
1.
2.
3.
4.
For example, the strength
needed to perform a barbell
curl depends on a number of
internal factors
These factors include:
The athlete’s physique
The athlete’s leverage
The angle position of the
limbs
The speed of the movement
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Auxotonic Contraction
Although the weight of the barbell remains
the same, these factors may compromise
an athlete’s capacity for strength gains at all
joint angles
Therefore, it is not easy to gain equal
strength gains at all joint angles when
training with free-weights alone
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Isotonic Contraction
A dynamic contraction
A change in muscle length occurs
Constant tension is achieved and
maintained
Rarely encountered in sports and
athletic events because a change
in tension is usually required with a
change in joint angle
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Isotonic Contraction
Lowering a heavy weight at a slow
and constant speed is an example
of an isotonic contraction
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Isokinetic Contraction
A dynamic contraction
Involves a constant speed contraction
against a preset high resistance
Generation of a high level of tension within a
muscle at all joint angles
Thus, muscle strengthening also occurs at
all joint angles
With the use of certain machines, constant
tension can be achieved as joint angle and
movement velocity are controlled
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Isokinetic Contraction
Examples of dynamometers that
allow for isokinetic contraction
include:
CYBEX
KINCOM
3. LIDO
4. HydraGym
5. Nautilus
1.
2.
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Concentric and Eccentric Contractions
Concentric Contraction:
Involves muscle shortening as it goes
through a range of motion; usually
termed flexion
Eccentric Contraction:
Involves muscle lengthening during
movement; usually termed extension
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Examples of Concentric &
Eccentric Contractions
Moving the heel closer to
the buttocks is an example
of a concentric contraction
of the hamstring
Moving the heel away
from the buttocks is an
example of an eccentric
contraction of the
hamstring
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