www.climate.washington.edu
www.ecy.wa.gov/drought
Thursday, September 24, 2015 Issue 23
Mean Temperature Anomalies
(°F)
Precipitation Percent of Normal
(%)
Drought Monitor, Streamflow, and Monthly Temperature
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Weekly (9/16-‐9/22):
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Last 30 days (8/24-‐9/22):
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Weekly (9/16-‐9/22):
Last 30 days (8/24-‐9/22):
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US Drought Monitor (9/22):
NDMC
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7-‐day Average Streamflow (9/22):
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HPRCC HPRCC
Recent temperature, precipitation, and streamflow conditions are shown here for WA State. Most of the state was cooler than normal over the last week (9/16-‐9/22), which is a change from the previous week. Temperatures were up to 2°F cooler than normal over the last 30 days as well, aside from the central and southern WA coast, which were closer to normal. The plot on the bottom right shows the temperature departure from normal since Sept 1, indicating that this month is likely to be below normal. If cooler temperatures continue for the last week of the month, September will be the first month since November 2014 where monthly temperatures are cooler than normal for the state as a whole! April 2015 was near-‐normal.
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The majority of western WA saw some showers in the early part (9/16-‐9/20) of last week, especially on the Peninsula, where precipitation was between
200 and 400% of normal. That was not the case east of the Cascades where precipitation was between 5 and 50% of normal, even though some rain fell on the 16th and 17th. The 7-‐day average streamflow map shows normal to above normal flows on the Peninsula, the north and central Puget Sound regions, and parts of southeast WA in response to the recent precipitation, while the rest of the streamflows remain below normal. Over the last 30 days
(8/24-‐9/22), precipitation west of the Cascade Mountains and in parts of eastern WA including the southeastern portion was above normal while in the Okanogan and Yakima areas, it remained much below normal. The US
Drought Monitor -‐ a federal product -‐ has not changed in the last week.
Temperature Departure from
Normal (9/1-‐9/22):
USGS
HPRCC
Contacts: Karin Bumbaco ( kbumbaco@uw.edu
)
Nick Bond ( nab3met@uw.edu
) !
Jeff Marti ( jema461@ecy.wa.gov
) 1
www.climate.washington.edu
www.ecy.wa.gov/drought
On May 15, Governor Inslee declared a statewide drought; more information can be found at WA State Department of Ecology . This section will focus on a few areas of the state in a little more detail, but will first review the water year temperature and precipitation.
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Despite the precipitation that has fallen in other parts of the state beginning in August, Yakima has seen very little rain. The precipitation accumulation plot since July 1 (bottom right), with the green line representing this year and the brown line representing a 30-‐year average, shows that less than 0.10” has been measured at Yakima when normal is closer to about 0.75” for the time frame. The latest USDA Weekly Crop
Report mentions the continued “very poor” pasture conditions throughout eastern WA, though it does note that the low overnight temperatures in the last week may have slowed vegetable harvest.
An interesting article was published in the
Yakima Herald on the 19th that discussed alternate measures that those with junior water rights within the Yakima Valley took this season in light of only receiving 47% of their usual water allocation. One such example given was of allowing golden delicious apples to shrivel on the tree (picture: top right) while giving higher priority to more valuable varieties.
Kate Prengaman -‐ Yakima Herald
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North central WA, including Okanogan county, is another place that has seen little precipitation over the last 30 days and even longer. Omak Airport, for example, has recorded 0.43” since July 1, when it typically sees closer to 1.70” over that period. Fires are still burning in this part of the state, as shown on the map on the right. Washington has 7 large fires still burning, with a perimeter encompassing 749,582 acres ( NIFC ). All of the fires, aside from the Meeks Table fire northwest of Naches, are at least 80% contained at the time of this writing. However, it’s worth noting that we have the dubious distinction of having both the largest number of fires and the most acreage currently burning in the Pacific Northwest.
NWCC
With precipitation returning to western WA, there have been some scattered improvements in drought conditions.
The drought is by no means over, but it is worthwhile to acknowledge changes in these indicators. Streamflow, as mentioned above, has increased to near-‐normal or even above normal levels throughout much -‐ but not all -‐ of western WA. The plot on the right-‐hand side shows streamflow (blue line) on the Hoh River near Forks on the Peninsula for the last two weeks. Streamflow was near-‐normal (triangles) at the beginning of the period, but then started to drop below normal with drier conditions. The recent rain event over the weekend has increased streamflow to much above normal, and it’s dropping closer to normal as of this writing. As long as precipitation remains reasonably frequent in the coming weeks, the streamflow could remain near-‐normal. Another sign of improvement includes the burn ban that existed for DNR-‐ protected land being lifted for locations west of the Cascade Mountains.
USGS
Contacts: Karin Bumbaco ( kbumbaco@uw.edu
)
Nick Bond ( nab3met@uw.edu
) !
Jeff Marti ( jema461@ecy.wa.gov
) 2
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www.climate.washington.edu
www.ecy.wa.gov/drought
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CPC
The 8-‐14 day forecast from NOAA/CPC for 1–7 October indicates higher odds of above normal temperatures, and near-‐normal precipitation for WA state. The confidence in this forecast is well below average due to poor consistency among the individual numerical weather prediction model runs. There are some indications that the early part of the period is liable to include more precipitation than the late part of the period. The latter is likely to feature some days with relatively high pressure, which this time of year typically brings mostly clear skies, except in low-‐lying areas, which are prone to late night and morning fog.
This portion of the report has featured material based on observations during past El Niño winters. The interpretation of these kinds of results are complicated by the diversity of El Niño both in intensity and character. In particular, recent attention has focused on the distinctions between central Pacific and eastern Pacific El Niño events, and their remote influences on the atmospheric circulation at higher latitudes. The deep cumulus convection with the East Pacific type of El Niño is located considerably farther east and is much more anomalous, and it stands to reason that its effects on global atmospheric patterns differs, and tends to be stronger, during those events versus the central Pacific type. In addition, there are long-‐term (multi-‐decadal) changes in El Niño and its linkages to global weather anomalies, and it is uncertain whether these changes imply that events in the more distant past are less germane to the present situation. Here we show an example how those issues increase the uncertainty in seasonal predictions for the Pacific Northwest. Specifically, shown below at left is a composite precipitation anomaly map for November through March for the past 10 winters with a substantial eastern Pacific expression (as defined by a threshold of 1.0°C in the NINO3 index) for the period of 1950 through the present. Its counterpart on the right is a composite map for the past 10 El Niño winters, including both eastern and central type events, for the period of 1980 through the present. The important point is that even though there is quite a bit of overlap in the members of each set, one shows WA state to be drier than usual (the east Pacific events going back to
1950), while the other has eastern WA state a bit wetter than normal. Also, it is noteworthy that under either set of conditions, precipitation is expected to be below normal in the Northern Rockies, which include the Columbia and
Snake River headwaters. Both sets of events were accompanied by warmer than normal temperatures for WA in a composite sense, which is part of the reason why there is greater if not complete confidence in the prediction of a warmer than normal winter ahead.
Recent Composite: Nov-‐Mar Precipitation Anomaly
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ESRL
Contacts: Karin Bumbaco ( kbumbaco@uw.edu
)
Nick Bond ( nab3met@uw.edu
) !
Jeff Marti ( jema461@ecy.wa.gov
) 3