Ms. Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
The Ottoman Empire Expands
Topkapi Palace Model
The Actual Topkapi Palace
Topkapi Harem
It’s Good to Be the Sultan!
Topkapi “Fruit Room”
Topkapi’s Great
Craftsmenship
The Decline of the Empire: 18c
Greek War for Independence:
1821-1832
Crimean War: 1854-1856
The “Sick Man of Europe”!
The Ottoman Empire in 1914
Sultan Abdul Hamid II: 1876-1909
The Last Ottoman Emperor!
The Young Turks Revolt: 1908
§  The Committee of Union and Progress
(CUP).
§  Enver Pasha
§  Mehmet Talaat
Ø
Grand Vizier,
1917-1918
Ø
Minister of War
Ø
Ottoman Commanderin-Chief
The Young Turks Program
§  Pushed for reforms ! basic
democratic rights:
Ø  freedom of speech.
Ø  freedom of assembly.
Ø  freedom of the press.
§  Problem of nationalism within
(heterogeneous empire).
Two Armed Camps
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:
World War I Alliances: 1914-1918
Europeans Carve Up the Ottoman
Empire After WW1
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938)
§  Republican People’s Party Goals:
Ø  republicanism (National Assembly).
Ø  nationalism (“Turkification”).
Ø  populism (for the benefit of
the people).
Ø  statism (state-controlled
economy).
Ø  secularism (free from religious
control).
Ø  reformism.
§  1924 ! abolished the caliphate.
Atatürk’s Reforms
1.  “Turkify” the Islamic faith
Ø  Translate the Qur’an into Turkish.
Ø  Secular education.
Ø  Ministry of Religious Affairs
abolished.
Ø  Sharia courts closed ! new
secular courts.
2.  Western-style clothing
Ø  Forbid the wearing of the fez !
Ø  Western-style men’s suits.
Ø  Attacked the veiling of women.
Atatürk’s Reforms
3.  Language Reform:
Ø  Roman alphabet replaced the
Arabic script.
Ø  Literacy in new alphabet
required for government
positions.
4.  State Socialism:
Ø  State banks established to
finance government-controlled
businesses.
5.  Adoption of a Surname.